This study was conducted to investigate the risk of chronic disease as predicted by abdominal obesity in Korean adult females. Data on 2,738 adult females aged 40~64 yrs was obtained from the 2013~2014 Korean National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into normal (n=1,835), abdominal obesity (AO, n=73), and BMI-diagnosed abdominal obesity (BMI-AO, n=505) groups based on the NCEP-ATP III guidelines and by applying the KSSO definition regarding waist circumference. Triglyceride blood levels, fasting blood sugar levels, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the AO and BMI-AO groups than in the normal group. The HDL-cholesterol levels of subjects in the two abdominal groups were lower as compared to those of subjects in the normal group. The mean adequacy ratio was lower among subjects in the AO and BMI-AO groups than among those in the normal group. Moreover, the NAR and INQ scores of some micro-nutrients in both of the abdominal obesity groups were lower than those in the normal group. Both the AO and BMI-AO groups showed significantly higher risks of hypertriglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypoHDL-cholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome than were shown by the normal group. Notably, as compared to the normal group, the AO group showed higher risk of hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDL-cholesterolemia, hypertriglycemia, and metabolic syndrome than did the BMI-AO group. This finding suggests that it is essential to develop prevention programs including programs for those with abdominal obesity despite their having a BMI within the normal range.

In this study, we found that the glycoprotein (18 kDa) isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum L67 (L67 protein) inhibits allergy-related inflammatory mediators in BPA treated rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 (RBL-2H3) cells and primary cultured splenocytes. First, we measured the levels of ERK, p38, and AP-1 by Western blotting and we evaluated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 cytokines by real-time quantitative PCR. Finally, we evaluated the applicability of L. plantarum L67 as a yogurt starter culture by measuring pH, enumeration of bacteria, and sensory scores. The results of this study shows that L67 protein inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK, as well as the activation of AP-1 (c-Fos and c-Jun). With inflammationrelated factors (Th2-related cytokines), L67 protein inhibits BPA-induced IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 activity. Bisphenol A stimulates MAPK signaling, which induces increased GATA-3 expression, and GATA-3 induces the differentiation of Th2 cells and secretion of Th2-related cytokines. Our findings showed that L67 protein may regulate the activation of GATA3 and T-bet through the induction of MAPK signaling, and it relieves the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile imbalance. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the L. plantarum L67 strain is a potential food supplement and starter culture, that could help in the prevention of Th2-related immune disorders.

This study was conducted to investigate optimum conditions for mass production of ntagonistic microbes Alcaligenes sp. HC12. Alcaligenes sp. HC12 had a potent biological control agent to control browning disease caused by Pseudomonas agarici. Alcaligenes sp. HC12 markedly showed the antagonistic activity against Pseudomonas agarici, the most destructive pathogen of cultivated mushrooms. To define the optimum conditions for the mass production of the Alcaligenes sp. HC12, we have investigated optimum culture conditions and effects of various nutrient source on the bacterial growth. The optimum initial pH and temperature were determined as pH 9.0 and 30o, respectively. The optimal concentration of medium elements for the growth of pathogen inhibitor bacterium(Alcaligenes sp. HC12) was determined as follows: 0.5% dextrine, 1.5% yest extract, 1.0% NaNO3, 0.5% KH2PO4, and 1.5% asparagine.

Background: Losing balance during locomotive actions becomes an increasing threat to both the community-dwelling elderly and elderly with Parkinson disease (PD). Those with PD may be at a high risk of fall due to particular characteristics during the turn. Turning around during locomotive actions may be one of problematic factors causing losing balance. Objects: This study is part of a larger study, which in part aims to identify turning strategies, to compare the strategies in the elderly with and without idiopathic PD aged 51 years and older and to distinguish whether the turning strategies can predict the elderly at risk of falls. Methods: A total of 22 community-dwelling elderlies (10 elderlies with idiopathic PD and 12 healthy elderlies) were investigated for the turning strategies during the timed up and go test. Results: There were some significant differences between the two groups during turning (p<.05). The idiopathic PD group had a tendency of challenging on taking more number of steps, more time to accomplish and staggering more for the turn relative to the control group. Conclusion: Taking more number of steps and more time to turn may be useful for distinguishing the characteristics of PD from that of the healthy elderly in turning strategy.

In year of 2013, anthracnose disease symptoms were observed on stem of stonecrop in a plant resource field, Southern Forest Resource Research Center, Jinju, South Korea. The disease symptoms were appeared 2-5 cm smudged irregular black spot color on the plant stems. Suspected pathogen was isolated from the lesion with surface sterilization method and identified it as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. Artificially inoculated the isolated pathogen led to the similar disease symptom as originally observed in the field. The fungal pathogen was re-isolated from the inoculated lesion and it exhibited the same characteristics compared to the original isolate. This is the first report of anthracnose of stonecrop grown in open fields, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Korea.

수산양식어업은 수산생물질병을 어떻게 효과적으로 관리하느냐가 매우 중요하다. 이 논문은 경 제적 잉여분석을 이용하여 수산생물질병방역사업에 대한 경제적 편익의 직접적 효과를 추정하 는 것이다. 이와 같은 경제적 편익은 수산생물사망 감소율과 수산생물질병감소로 인해 발생하 는 소비자잉여와 생산자잉여의 변화 정도를 포함한다. 연구결과 양식되는 넙치, 볼락 및 기타 어류의 생산자잉여에 대한 연간 변화액은 총 23.3억원(각각의 경우 8.7억원, 10.1억원, 4.5억원) 이고, 소비자잉여의 연간 변화액은 총 101.5억원(각각의 경우 63.6억원, 18.5억원, 19.4억원)으로 추정되었다. 따라서, 수산생물질병방역사업에 따른 연간 총 경제적 편익은 125억원 수준으로 평가된다.

This study aimed to examine the effects of thoracic cage mobilization on the respiratory function, spinal curve and spinal movement in patients with restrictive lung diseases. The subjects were ten community- dwelling elderly with a restrictive lung diseases when measured using a spirometer(FEV1/FVC≤65%, FVC<80%). They received an intervention over an eight-week period: three times a week and for 30 minutes a day. SPSS for Windows(ver. 19.0) was used to analyze all the collected data. Independent t-tests were used to examine changes before and after the intervention. The study's results showed statistically significant improvement(p<.05) in forced expiratory volume in 1 second(chage rate: .24±.25), thoracic curve(chage rate: -2.50±2.76), lumbar curve(chage rate: -.80±1.32), thoracic flexion(chage rate: 2.10± 1.52), thoracic extension(chage rate: -2.00±1.25), lumbar flexion(chage rate: 2.40±3.13) and lumbar extension(chage rate: -1.30±1.42). The results of this study suggest that the thoracic cage mobilization contribute to improve pulmonary function in patients with restrictive lung disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has caused by expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), Tau and presenilin (PS) as known as plaques and tangle accumulation. AD transgenic porcine model is necessary for preclinical testing of therapeutic agent because of similar metabolic system between porcine and human. The objective of study was to generate AD transgenic pig by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) with multi-cistronic vector system. AD multi-cistronic vector was 6 well-known mutation on 3 AD related genes, hAPP (K670N/M671L, I716V, V717I), hTau (P301L) and hPS1 (M146V, L286P). Establishment of AD transgenic cell lines was used from Jeju black pig ear fibroblast cells (JB-PEFAD) with the AD multi-cistronic vector. The JB-PEFAD cell was confirmed on mRNA expression, protein synthesis of hAPP, hTau and hPS1 and identification of integration and karyotype. Although fusion rate was no difference in SCNT with JB-PEF AD (SCNTAD) embryos, cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were slightly lower than in SCNT with non-transgenic JB-PEF (SCNTnon-TG). Individual SCNTAD blastocysts were detected hAPP, hTau and hPS1 genomic integration which showed 93.2% (n=30) efficiency in genomic DNA (gDNA) level. It will give us a possibility to develop porcine animal model for AD study in the future.

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is one of the most important forest tree diseases, especially in the East Asian countries of Japan, China, and Korea. The Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope, is the PWN vector for Japanese red pine and Japanese black pine while Monochamus saltuarius Gebler is the vector for Korean white pine. Various control methods, such as aerial pesticide applications, biological control using parasitoids and fumigant such as methyl bromide are used. But the PWD still has spread. Therefore, we were selected effective aerial insecticides. Susceptibility of M. saltuarius and M. alternatus adults were investigated using 9 insecticides which are available in the market in Korea. And then, we tested them to the Apis mellifera to vertify the environmental impact.

Aster glehni Franchet et Schmidt is a compositae plant and has been known as a native specie in Ulleung Island, Korea. It is officially recognized as a regional specialty that grows only in this region. In 2014, brown and dark spots were observed on aster leaves in a forest research field, Jinju, Korea. A causal agent was isolated from the disease symptomatic leaves and identified as fungus Alternaria solani. Fungal morphological characteristics and molecular identification with internal transcribed spacer sequences were synchronized as A. solani. The isolated fungi reproduced the same disease symptoms when the fungus was artificially inoculated on healthy aster leaves. This is the first report that A. solani caused leaf blight disease in Aster glehni in Korea.

목 적: McMonnies 설문과 OSDI 설문을 통하여 건성안여부를 확인하고, 건성안에 영향을 미치는 환경적 요인들을 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 건성안이 삶의 질(WHOQOL-BREF)에 미치는 영향을 확인함으로써 건성안 과 삶의 질과의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2016년 3월부터 2016년 4월까지 충남지역 대학교 학생 490명을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문을 실 시하였다. 총 490부를 배포하여 불성실하게 응답한 4부를 제외한 486부를 분석에 이용하였다. 결 과: 설문에 응답한 인원 486명 중 건성안은 McMonnies 설문결과 149명이었고, OSDI 설문결과 119 명이었다. OSDI 와 McMonnies 설문에 모두 포함되는 건성안은 62명이었다. McMonnies에서 분류된 건성 안 대상자의 삶의 질은 신체적 건강 영역과 심리적 영역, 환경적 영역에서 부적 상관을 나타내었다. OSDI에 서 분류된 건성안의 삶의 질은 전반적인 건강 영역, 신체적 건강 영역, 심리적 영역, 사회적 관계 영역, 환경 영역에서 부적 상관을 나타내었다. McMonnies와 OSDI 설문 모두에 해당되는 건성안의 삶의 질은 사회적 관계 영역을 제외한 전반적인 건강 영역, 신체적 건강 영역, 심리적 영역, 환경 영역에서 각각 6.23, 21.24, 19.23, 25.68로 정상안 보다 낮았으며 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결 론: 건성안이 전반적인 영역에서 삶의 질의 저하를 일으킬 수 있음을 인식하고 건성안 치료에 있어서 신체적인 영역을 넘어 심리적, 사회적, 환경적 문제에도 관심이 필요할 것이다.

본 연구에서는 가축전염병의 전국적 확산에 직접적으로 관련이 있는 축산차량 이동 상황을 파악하고자 국가동물방역통합시스템(KAHIS)에서 보유하고 있는 축산차량 이동 데이터를 이용하여 현재 운영 중인 도축장의 서비스 범위를 분석하였다. 축산차량 이동 데이터는 2014년 기준으로 1년에 3,200만 건 이상 생성되는 빅데이터(big data)이다. 분석결과 개별 도축장의 서비스 범위는 각 도축장의 거래처와 주변 소비시장의 입지 등에 따라 전국적인 범위로 형성되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 가축 질병이 발생하는 순간 이미 질병의 전파 범위가 전국단위가 될 수 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구 결과는 전염성이 높은 가축질병이 발생할 경우 차단방역의 범위를 설정하는 정보로 활용될 수 있으며, 가축 질병 가상방역훈련(CPX)을 위한 기초자료로도 활용될 수 있다. 분석 도구로는 데이터분석으로 특화된 R과 공간분석 도구인 GIS를 활용하였다.

In the present study, the effects of non-thermal plasma, corona discharge plasma jet (CDPJ) against foodborne disease bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43894, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) were determined, and the inactivation patterns were modeled using GinaFiT software in Microsoft Excel. Among inactivation models studied, Weibull-tail model was chosen as the best fit model based on SSE, RMSE, and r 2 values. The initial decimal reduction times (δ) of E. coli O157:H7, S. aureus, and Sal. typhimurium were 6.36, 8.31, and 12.11 s respectively. The inactivation effect increased with the current strength and was highest at span length of 25 mm. After 120 s treatment of the CDPJ at 1.50 A with span length of 25 mm, E. coli O157:H7 was reduced by 5.26 log, S. aureus by 4.21 log, Sal. typhimurium by 2.89 log.

Mortality of honeybees(Apis cerana) is a serious problem that beekeepers have to face periodically in Korea. The presence of RNA viruses, in addition to other pathogens may be one of its possible causes. In this work, we were detected Black queen cell virus (BQCV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), Korean Sacbrood virus (KSBV), Ascosphaera apis, and Nosema in samples of Apis cerana. Honey bee viruses was detected KSBV(58.5 %), KBV(6.5 %), BQCV(70 %) in 2015 by RT(Revers transcriptase)-PCR. Sacbrood virus (SBV) is an important disease of A. cerana. A. apis can cause chock brood disease to honey bee. It was detected 10.3 % of A. cerana colonies by PCR. Also, Nosema cerana was detected 50.5%. Conclusively, investigated disease of the A. cerana, and confirmed virus that lead to bee disease, this is thought by valuable thing as data for development of beekeeping industry such as Colony Collapse cause searching examination.

The nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causal pathogen of pine wilt disease in Korea. Currently, it is reported that B. mucronatus also has a low pathogenicity. Despite this difference in pathogenicity, it is very difficult to differentiate these two species due to similarity in morphological characters. The sequence variation of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and intergenic spacer (IGS) regions of ribosomal DNA has been used for species identification and phylogeny of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus. But, the IGS region sequence data of B. mucronatus has been only reported in Portugal. In this study, We analyzed genetic variation on ITS and IGS regions of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus (Asian genotype, European genotype) based on rDNA gene sequences, and conducted phylogeography using TCS network. When the each isolates was determined the phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method, Bursaphelenchus species were divided into each groups, and showed low variation within each species. In the TCS analysis, The isolate of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus (Asian genotype and European genotype) were divided into each groups and confirmed slightly genetic distance within species. B. mucronatus European genotype has possibility of new species different with Asian genotype.

Since we reported a viral disease extremely fatal to A. dichotoma, had landed on Korea in 2015, we have investigated this disease nationwide and it was turned out the viral disease has spread in the majority of the larva-rearing farms all over the country. The transmission of this disease is most severe when the larvae are harvested and stored for overwintering. During this period, even a few virus-infected larvae can easily transmit the virus and about two hundreds of larvae stored in a container can be killed. In a peroral infection experiment, 80% of infected larvae were killed but survived larvae became adults fully functional physiologically. These survived beetles were confirmed as live virus carrier. Also, about 75% of larvae hatched from the eggs laid by the infected beetles were infected and killed by the virus. This vertical transmission is due to the feeding and secretion activity of the infected parents.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by extensive loss of synaptic connections, neuronal death, and the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (iNFTs). The extracellular amlyoid plaques are mainly composed of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide which formed by proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Aβ42peptide oligomerizes, is neurotoxic and readily forms aggregates that accumulate in the brain to form plaques. These oligomers are thought to cause inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, thereby resulting in synaptic and neuronal loss. Although AD is neurodegenerative disorder, current therapies designed to treat it still demonstrate limited efficacy. Silkworm (Bombyx mori) has long been used as food and medicine in Asian countries which is reputed for the treatment of numerous neurological disorders including AD. In this study, we use Drosophila melanogaster which is expressed the human AD-associated protein APP695, BACE and MAPT as the model and initially investigate whether silkworm powder food has positive effect on flies expressing Alzheimer’s status as well as makes the improvement in disease condition by using this AD fly model (This work was carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Elucidation the health improvement effects of boiled silk worm larvae, Project No: PJ01082801) Rural Development Administration)

Exposure to several common acting through oxidation stress environmental toxins has been shown to be associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). One recently identified inherited Parkinson’s disease (PD) gene, DJ-1, may have a role in protection from oxidative stress, thus potentially linking a genetic cause with critical environmental risk factors [1]. In the present study, initially we assessed the antioxidant activity of Silk Worm Powder (SWP) in selected chemical systems and further explored the efficacy of SWP in Drosophila lacking DJ-1 function (This work was carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Elucidation the health improvement effects of boiled silk worm larvae, Project No: PJ01082801) Rural Development Administration).