폐기물로 처리되고 있는 자생수목 그루터기를 재활용하여 에코녹화공법을 개발하기 위하여 전남 함평군 월야면에 위치한 호남대학교 부속농장에 모니터링 시험구를 2001년 11월에 설치하였다. 시험기간은 2001년 11월부터 2003년 10월까지였으며, 모니터링 시험구 조사는 2002년 10월, 2003년 9월, 총 2회 실시하였다. 모니터링 시험에서 그루터기의 맹아우세수종 선발 수간 절지길이 차이 및 방부처리 유무에 따른 생장량 변화, 식재시기 및 식재본수에 따른 활착율을 조사하였다. 자생수목 그루터기 모니터링 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 90% 이상 활착율을 나타낸 수종은 공시수종 총 20종 중 10종으로 느티나무, 때죽나무, 비목나무, 산딸나무, 상수리나무, 야광나무, 참느릅나무, 털야광나무, 팽나무, 장구밥나무 였다. 수간절지길이에 따른 생장량은 수간길이 10cm처리구보다 35cm처리구에서 우세하게 나타났고, 근원직경에 대한 뿌리규격에 따른 생장량은 3배(폭)×5배(깊이)와 5배(폭)×5배(깊이)에서 우세하게 나타났다. 수간절지부 방부처리 유무에 따른 생장량은 방부처리구의 수종에서 우세하게 나타났고, 식재시기에 따른 공시수종의 생장량은 생리휴면기인 늦가을(11월)에 식재한 그루터기에서 우세하게 나타났으며, 다음으로 초봄(3월), 늦봄(5월) 식재 순이었다.

Production of Bacterial Cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter sp. A5 was studied in shaken culture using different cost-effective carbon sources and its structural and mechanical properties were evaluated. Glycerol showed the highest level (7.26 g/l) of BC production, which was about three times higher than the yield in glucose medium. BC production depended not only on the decrease in pH, but also on the ability of Gluconacetobacter sp. A5 to synthesize glucose from different carbon sources and then polymerize it into BC. All BC produced from different carbon sources exhibited a three-dimensional reticulated structure consisting of ultrafine cellulose fibriles. Carbon sources did not significantly change the microfibrile structure of the resulting BC. BC produced from glucose medium had the lowest water-holding capacity, while BC from molasses medium had the highest. XRD data revealed that all BC were cellulose type І, the same as typical native cellulose. The crystalline strength of BC produced in glucose medium was the highest, and that in molasses medium was the lowest. Our results suggest that glycerol could be a potential low-cost substrate for BC production, leading to the reduction in the production cost, and also to produce BC with different mechanical properties by selecting appropriate carbon source.

철강 생산으로 인하여 부산되는 철강슬래그 역시 계속적으로 증가하여 2018년에 2,423 만톤에 이르고 있으나 고로슬래그를 제외한 철강부산물은 단순매립 등으로 재활용되고 있어 산업부산물의 유효활용을 통한 자원순환형 사회 구축 및 천연자원 고갈방지를 위해서는 다양한 활용기술 개발이 절실히 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 한편, 근래 무분별한 해양개발 및 환경오염 등으로 광대한 해양생물의 서식기반이 소실되어 수산자원의 감소현상이 심화되고 있어 이에 대한 대책이 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다량 부산되는 복합슬래그를 천연골재 대체재료로 재활용하는 방안 제시와 해수정화가 가능한 친환경 다공질콘크리트의 배합요인별 공학적 특성 및 적용성 검토연구를 수행하였다. 배합요인별 공극률 시험결과 모든 조건에서 오차범위 2.5%이내의 결과를 나타내었다. 압축강도시험결과 최적 혼입률은 복합슬래그골재 30%, 혼입시 가장 우수한 친환경 다공질콘크리트 제조가 가능하였다. 입상인공Zeolite를 혼입함으로서 침지일수 14일에 총질소 및 총인 농도가 36.8∼54.6%까지 감소하여 입상인공제올라이트의 효과를 확인하였다.

Purpose - Urban agglomeration construction is one of national strategic plans to accelerate the development of industrialization and urbanization in China, which has threatened the eco-environmental quality at the same time. This paper selected the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as the research area. Research design, data, and methodology - The the slack-based measurement (SBM) model considering undesirable outputs is applied to measure the eco-efficiency of this urban agglomerations during 2006-2015. Results - The empirical results show that average eco-efficiency of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is 0.595. Regional ecological development is unbalanced. The highest eco-efficiency is recorded at Wuhan Metropolitan Area, and the lowest one is at the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group. Energy consumption and waste dust emissions are the key factors led to ecological inefficiency. Based on this, potentials for energy saving and waste dust reducing are calculated. Conclusions - Finally, this study provides policy implications targeted to promote the coordinating development of economy and eco-environment under the construction of urban agglomeration.

This study was carried out to investigate the economic value of organic rice production using gelatin ․ chitin microorganisms in eco-friendly complex, Gongsan, Naju city. The soil condition of experiment paddy field was Jeonbuk series and silt loam with a slightly poor drainage. Except for the high effective silicate, the chemical characteristics of soils used were included in the optimum range of paddy soils in Korea. In growth, plant length, tiller number, ear number, and ear length were observed to be higher in conventional paddy fields than organic paddy fields. However, number of grain per panicle and grain filling ratio (%) were higher in organic paddy fields than conventional paddy fields. Incidences of diseases and insect pests were slightly higher in the organic paddy fields. Water weevil, sheath blight, rice leaf roller and rice blast were more occurred in organic paddy field. On the other hand, false smut was higher occurred in conventional paddy field. There was a significant negative correlation between rice sheath blight and rice leaf roller, and rice yield. In the milled rice quality, the quality of organically cultivated milled rices was lower by the increase of broken rice than that of conventionally cultivated milled rices. The quality and palatability of rice were higher in organic cultivation with decreasing of protein content. Net income of conventionally and organically cultivated rice was 360,000 won/10a and 610,000 won/10a, respectively. Premium net income of the organically cultivated rice was 68%.

최근 웰빙이라는 자연친화적인 건강한 삶을 핵심 가치로 추구하면서 실내 공기질의 개선을 위한 다양한 친환경 제품이 개발되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 친환경 도료의 문제점을 해결할 뿐만 아니라 천연방사성 물질인 라돈 저감이 가능한 활성탄 복합 시트를 개발하고 라돈, HCHO, VOCs에 대한 저감 효과를 평가 하였다. 활성탄 복합 시트는 규산나트륨 에멀젼과 활성탄을 혼합하여 활성탄 액상 도료를 제조하고 에어스프레이 공법을 통하여 복합 시트로 제작하였다. 제작된 활성탄 복합 시트에 대한 유해물질 저감 성능을 분석하기 위해 라돈은 환경부 고시, HCHO 및 VOCs는 KCL-FIR-1085 기준에 부합하도록 설계하였다. 실험결과, 제작된 활성탄 복합 시트는 20시간에서 약 90.8%의 라돈 저감 효율을 가지는 것으로 평가되었고, HCHO 및 VOCs는 3시간에서 각 96.7%, 96.6%의 저감 효율이 나타났다.이러한 결과는 실내 공기 질 개선을 위한 제품 개발 시 기초 자료로서 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study aimed to analyze socioeconomic effect of eco-friendly free school food supply system by Seoul, which has been consistently extended since 2011. To do so, effect of eco-friendly free school food supply system on the beneficiaries, Seoul citizens, was analyzed by using ‘labor & income panel’, while that on rural society was analyzed by using the surveys on the eco-friendly agricultural product supply performance by the ‘Eco-friendly Agricultural Products Retail Center’ as well as for students, school parents, nutrition teachers and nutritionists. The results of analysis showed that eco-friendly school food supply system contributes to income redistribution among the Seoul citizens to a certain extent, provides the eco-friendly agricultural product producers in the rural society with the stable market, and positively influences them to secure stable incomes. In addition, eco-friendly free school food reduced the amount of carbon emissions through the use of environmentally friendly agricultural products resulting in environmental improvements and economic benefits. Considering such effects, free school food supply using the eco-friendly agricultural products needs to be consistently maintained in the future without politic change by political ideology and to be extended to middle school level in medium and short-term.

이 논문은 대학 교수가 순천만 정원에서 개최되었던 국제자연환경미술제를 방문하면서 예술 작품을 감상하고 더 나아가 비평 활동 및 행위를 통한 작품과의 교감을 통하여 심미적 탐구를 함으로써 예술적으로 성장하는 내용을 다루고 있다. 감상자인 ‘나’는 예술작품이 설치되기 이전부터 그 현장에 가서 작품이 완성되는 과정, 전시회 중에 감상한 경험, 사진 찍기 및 비평적 글쓰기 활동을 하였으며 특정 작품 앞에서 퍼포먼스를 하면서 작품들과 교감하고 비평하는 경험을 하였다. 이러한 과정에서 ‘나’는 예술가/연구자/교육자의 역할을 통합적으로 수행하면서 지나간 기억, 자전적 이야기, 성찰, 해석 등을 통하여 예술 작품에 관한 감상/비평 경험을 심미적으로 탐구하였다. 자료 수집은 2016 년11월부터 2017년 2월 사이에 걸쳐 창작 과정에 관한 성찰 메모, 사진, 동영상, 작가의 방송 인터뷰 자료 및 자전적 기억 자료를 중심으로 이루어졌다. 나는 예술 기반 연구방법으로 알려진 a/r/tography를 차용하여 예술적 감식안을 통해 작품과 상호작용하면서 자기수양의 과정으로 성장하는 측면을 묘사하였다. 그리고 마지막에 생태와 예술을 연계한 문화예술교육 현장에 던지는 시사점을 제시하였다.

Most of eco-friendly agrifood processing enterprises in Korean rural area are small and medium-sized business. For this reason, it’s hard for eco-friendly agrifood processing enterprises to neither analyze business performance for efficient business management nor establish their own business plan for rational decision-making. Therefore it’s necessary to design effective mathematical programming model and to make practical application which can support rational management decisionmaking ensuring the stable business activity of eco-friendly agrifood processing enterprises. Accordingly this paper focuses on the designing and its application of multi-objective mathematical programming model using goal programming to support rational decision-making of eco-friendly agrifood processing enterprise. Hansalimanseongmachum Food Inc. which runs soy bean processing business making tofu based on regional-based soybean farms around Anseong City will be the specific case to apply multi-objective mathematical programming model in practice. And it will suggest measures to support rational management decisionmaking of other eco-friendly agrifood processing enterprises.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of multi-enzyme on diarrhea and immune responses of weaned pigs. A total 36 weaned pigs (5.92 ± 0.48 kg BW; 28 d old) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (3 pigs/pen, 6 replicates/ treatment) in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were a typical diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON with 0.1% multienzyme (Multi; mixture of β-mannanase, xylanase, α-amylase, protease, β-glucanase, and pectinase). Pigs were fed their respective diets for 6 wk. Frequency of diarrhea, levels of packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC), immunoglobulins, cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Multi group tended to decrease (p<0.1) diarrhea frequency than CON group during 2 wk after weaning. Lower values of PCV on d 3 (p<0.05) and d 7 (p<0.1) were found in Multi group compared with CON group. There were no significant differences on WBC number and immunoglobulin (Ig) M and A between Multi and CON groups. However, Multi group tended to increase (p<0.1) Ig G on d 7 than CON group. Moreover, Multi group showed modulated immune responses, indicated by decreased levels of cortisol (p<0.05) on d 7 and 14, TNF-α on d 3 (p<0.05) and d 7 (p<0.10), TGF- β on d 2 (p<0.05) and d 7 (p<0.10), and CRP (p<0.10) on d 3 and 7 after weaning compared with CON group. Consequently, inclusion of multi-enzyme in diets for weaned pigs improved gut health and modulated immune responses of weaned pigs.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of multi-enzyme on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs. A total 36 weaned pigs (5.92 ± 0.48 kg BW; 28 d old) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (3 pigs/pen, 6 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were a typical diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON with 0.1% multi-enzyme (Multi; mixture of β- mannanase, xylanase, α-amylase, protease, β-glucanase, and pectinase). Pigs were fed their respective diets for 6 wk. Measurements were growth performance, morphology of ileum, apparent ileal digestibility and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and energy of weaned pigs. There were no significant differences on growth performance during overall experimental period. No differences were found for the morphology of ileum and nutrient digestibility between CON and Multi groups. Therefore, the results in the current study indicated that multi-enzyme supplementation in diets had no effects on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs.

The vegetation-based spraying method has been used as a revegetation measure for protecting slopes. However, after the method is applied to the fields, the collapse due to deteriorated bond performance of artificial slopes and defective vegetation growth bases prevent it from displaying its proper function. Therefore, research and application technologies for revegetation measures that can achieve both the reinforcement of slopes and the ecological restoration at the same time are necessary. Accordingly, in this study, fundamental research was conducted regarding the bond properties of slopes, according to the addition of additives based on bonding materials for improving bond performance.

For effective control of insect pest which can outbreak in a field during crop cultivation, various control agents such as eco-friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) including microbial control agents and chemical pesticides have been applied at fields and these control agents may be treated simultaneous or sequential in the same field to suppress diverse pests and diseases. The agents may influence each other and control efficacy may also differ from interactions. Therefore we need to test compatibility of microbial control agents with other agricultural agents. In this study, we investigated influence of pre-treated EFAMs, which are registered for whitefly control in greenhouse, on germination, mycelial growth and control efficacy of Isaria javanica isolate against sweet potato whitefly. The results showed that a mixture of paraffin oil+cinnamon oil among 4 EFAMs highly reduced germination (8.9±1.3%~24.5±0.9%) and mycelial growth (0.81±0.01cm~0cm) of I. javanica. To investigate the effects of the treatment interval between EFAMs and I. javanica on sweet potato whitefly control, four different EFAMs were pre-treated 0, 1, 4, and 7 days before applying I. javanica. Pre-treatment of four EFAMs inhibited insecticidal activity of I. javanica against sweet potato whitefly. Therefore when EFAMs and a mycopesticide using I. javanica spray simultaneous or sequential, application of EFAMs need more than 7 days interval after treatment of mycopesticide at field.

Even though cement a major foundational ingredient in modern architecture, it is known to destroy the environment due to its high energy consumption and how its production releases large amounts of carbon dioxide. To address this situation, the cement industry has proceeded to study how to reduce the amount of CO2 released and has recently started developing unused non-sintered cement. Inaddition, studies are in active development for cement that has not gone through the burning process. If it is possible to make cement using blast furnace slag and industry outgrowth without the use of clinker, it can be expected to help when running out of limestone and to mitigate the pollution problem through CO2 emissions. This study apprehended the measurement of kinematical characteristics through measuring polymer nonsintered cement flexural and compressive strength and analyzing the pH · Cl− Penetration Depth characteristic, through the SEM test also analyzes the reaction of the hydration mechanism, the result of decrementing the water/cement ratio, and entrained air contents from the mixing of polymer, and conducts that durability test for the absorption rate and carbonation experiments. The results of experimentation show excellent chemical and mechanical properties compared to ordinary Portland cement.

본 연구는 금강수계 수변생태벨트 복원지를 대상으로 입지현황을 파악하고, 생태현황 조사를 실시하였다. 입지유형별 생태적 특성을 파악 하고, 자연성과 종다양성 비교분석을 통해 조성 및 관리 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 대상지는 금강수계 매수 토지 중에서 수변생태벨트 조 성이 완료된 6개소를 선정하였다. 입지유형을 분류하기 위해 주변 토지이용현황(대상지의 반경 30m 범위지역)의 토지피복면적에 있어 산 림과 경작지, 시가화 지역 비율이 50% 이상을 차지하는 대상지별 입지유형을 산림형, 경작지형, 시가화형으로 구분하였다. 주요 연구내용으로 대상지의 일반적 개황과 입지유형별 자연생태 현황 조사결과를 비교분석하였다. 대상지의 생태적 특성을 파악하기 위 하여 식물생태와 동물생태로 구분하여 계절별 현황조사를 실시하였다. 식물생태에서는 식물상을 토대로 대상지별 자생종수, 변종/품종, 총 분류군, 귀화종수와 도시화지수를 조사·분석하였으며 대상지의 현존식생 현황을 파악하였다. 동물생태에서는 야생조류, 양서파충류, 포유류, 나비류, 잠자리류의 현황조사를 실시하였고, 조사결과에 의거하여 종수/개체수 및 종다양도를 분석하였다. 분류된 입지유형에 따 라 자연성과 종다양성 항목으로 구분하여 비교분석한 결과, 자연성에서는 전체 대상지의 자생종 비율이 77.5%∼92.4%였으며, 귀화율은 7.6%∼22.5%, 도시화지수는 3.4%∼10%를 나타내었다. 산림형에서 시가화형으로 갈수록 귀화식물 출현이 증가하여 귀화율과 도시화지 수가 점차 높은 비율을 보였다. 종다양성으로 종수는 33종∼61종이 출현하였으며 개체수는 190개체∼313개체가 조사되었으며 종다양도 는 0.5940∼1.1423로 나타났다. 입지유형별 생태적 조성 관리방향으로 산림형은 목표종 서식을 위한 중점 보전관리형으로 제안하였다. 본 대상지는 산림 내부의 조성숲 (바이오순환림 조성지)과 묵논형 습지로 구분되었다. 2개 대상지 모두 산림 내부에 위치하여 있고, 조성숲은 다양한 야생조류 서식지로서, 독수리 등의 멸종위기종 서식기능을 강화할 수 있는 보전관리가 필요하다. 특히, 산림 내부의 개간형 묵논 습지는 지표 곤충류(나비류, 잠 자리류)의 서식지로서 최적화할 수 있는 지역이었다. 그 가운데 환경부에서 지정한 멸종위기종인 꼬마잠자리가 서식하고 있어 목표종 중 심의 보전형 집중관리가 요구되었다. 따라서 대상지내 개방수면과 낮은 수심 유지, 생태적 천이진행에 따른 수생식물 유지관리가 요구되 었다. 경작지형은 주변에 경작이 진행되고 있는 묵논형 습지로서 지표 곤충류(나비류, 잠자리류)를 중심으로 한 생물종다양성이 풍부한 서 식환경을 제공하고 있어 개방 수면과 다양한 수심, 수생식물 관리 등의 양호한 서식 환경의 유지가 필요하였다. 특히, 대상지 주변에 경작이 이루어지고 있었기 때문에 습윤, 건조가 반복되는 환경 속에서 생태적 천이진행이 매우 빠르게 진행될 것으로 예상되었다. 시가화형은 도 시화지역내에 위치하며 인간의 이용강도가 높았던 훼손된 지역이었으므로 현재, 경관수 중심으로 복원되어 경관성 향상과 생태교육, 홍보 에 긍정적 영향을 줄 수 있는 대상지였다. 그러나 도시화지수 및 귀화율이 높았기 때문에 생태계 교란 야생식물에 대한 관리가 필요하였다. 향후, 입지유형별 관리 방향성 설정에 따른 세부 관리기법의 적용이 필요하며, 생태환경 변화에 대한 지속적인 진단과 예측을 통한 체계적 인 모니터링 시스템이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

Background : Insect pests damages are increasing on the field of Lycium chinense under eco-friendly organic management and especially, pest damage of Gelechiidae (Ilseopsis parki Povolny) is serious. Currently, various eco-friendly organic materials are registered, but insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not verified. Therefore, this experiment was carried out to select eco-friendly organic materials showing insecticidal activity in Gelechiidae. Methods and Results : To test insecticidal activity, the Gelechiidae lavas were collected from the field and Nine eco-friendly organic materials were collected from the market. method. The insecticidal activity assay method was, putting Gelechiidae lavas on the 90mm petridish then water-diluted eco-friendly organic materials were sprayed onto the laver. Result of insecticidal activity was observed with a microscope 10 minutes, 2 hours and 18 hours after the treatment. Microscopic observation results, insecticidal activity was shown only in 5 out of 9 materials. Conclusion : As a result, Insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not effective in all tested materials, but the 5 eco-friendly organic materials showed the same effect in repeated experiments. In this study, we selected 5 materials out of 9 eco-friendly organic materials against Gelechiidae, then future studies are planned to select the most suitable materials by field testing the 5 eco-friendly organic materials.

This research developed eco-friendly UHPC using industrial by-products (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Bottom Ash) by replacing cement and silica powder. The Chloride Penetration Resistances of the developed eco-friendly UHPC were evaluated. It is found that the developed eco-friendly UHPC shows adequate compressive strength and enhanced chloride durability.