In this paper, we proposed some direction to effective development of gamification. To achieve this purpose, we performed an extensive literature review. Based on game mechanics and game dynamics, we analyzed 145 cases for both domestic sites(15 cases) and international sites(130 cases) by keyword search methods. Results showed that the successful cases(n=32) applied more features of game mechanics and game dynamics in various ways. Through this, we tried to build up categorization of gamification, the major applications of gamification can be converged into five primary areas: public policy, medical welfare, education, environmental protection and corporation. Finally, we discussed about implications of using gamification for future direction.

This study focuses on clarifying orality on game as a medium. The media has progressed through a complicated process where the inter-relationship between media has been occurred. The orality, the oldest form of medium, has been a 'residuary medium' and the spoken word has been transformed in spite of the advent of new media. This study attempts to discuss the characteristics of 'game' as a medium through the concepts of Walter Ong's primary orality, literacy, and the secondary orality. The characteristics of 'game' as a medium based on the multimedia, interactive existence, and the user-generated narrative, and these characteristics of 'game' could be illuminated through the Ong's orality. This study makes an effort to explore the modes of the presence of the orality through the psychodynamic approach of media. The difference of mentality appeared by the medium, because background and characteristics of the medium itself could control the size and characteristics of the human experience.

The ability of being able communicate in English is one of the core abilities to be reared for the students who have to live in the modern society. English is one of the important languages of today. In order to learn such English, the most basic words and idioms need to be learned first. According to the previous studies, In the elementary school, students tend to lose their interest and affection about English as they move up the grades. However, In recent, 62% of th elementary school students have a smart phone and the main function used by 58% among them is games. Due to these reasons, Interrest in learning smartphone game has been increasing. this study intends to design and implementation the educative games for the learning of English idioms on smart phone so that the students can get interest and fun. The English idioms educating game which shall be produced in this study not only is easy and fun to be played by the learner but also made it possible for the English idioms learning not to be boring by adding fun and giving motivations through competitions among the learners by making each obtainments of alphabets of each English idioms into points. In order to induce the repetitive learning of the learners, the lesson menu was used to allow the English idiom repetition lesson. Also, the acceleration sensor of the smart phone was utilized to produce this game so that the game is played fluidly and conveniently.

A new near loss-less compression method for 2D game sprite animation image is presented to reduce the amount of the game contents resources. The sprite animation data in 2D mobile game occupies a large part of the resource, and in particular the sprite animation data by using a lossless compression technique can cause a relatively very significant increase of data amount as the higher complexity of the animation. The new near-lossless method, which is an adaptive compression technique by considering the alpha value for transparency and the variance of color values of block, is proposed in order to obtain greater compression efficiency without los of quality. By using experiments, we show that the proposed method compared to the PNG compression technique is good for compression efficiency, and in particular the effect is very high in complex and dynamic 2D sprite animation.

As ICT advances, industries related to digital technology are disrupting the boundaries of corporations and increasingly interested in the industrial ecosystem. The electronic game industry is also continuously growing through convergence among various technologies, content genres and platforms. Accordingly, this study analyzed the hierarchical elements of hybrid game contents from the viewpoint of the ecosystem as well as the importance and influence their components have upon each level. To understand the importance and influence of the components of the ecosystem from the viewpoint of the value chain of hybrid game contents, an Expert Delphi Survey was conducted employing 18 experts from the game industry, academia and R&D institutions. The results of the Expert Delphi Survey were compiled, a hybrid game ecosystem defined for each layer, and a communication system diagram created depicting the relationship between the ecosystem and value chain of the hybrid game contents. Based on the analysis, to invigorate hybrid game contents, a direction for policies was presented for each hierarchy from both the micro and macro perspectives.

This paper is an advanced work for the follow-up study 'Development of Teaching and Learning Programs of Intercultural Education in Universities Utilizing German and French Commercial Movies'. Before developing teaching and learning programs of intercultural education for undergraduates utilizing movies as one of the most typical digital image media in modern times, we try to review theoretical the utilizability of digital image media and game contents as very efficient tools of intercultural teaching and learning program. The breakthrough of digital information and communication technology, and the digital revolution leading to a paradigm shift in the history of mankind make the 21th century be called 'knowledge and information age'. The integrated and interactive communication way based on the development of digital technology has a great effect on recognition way, recognition pattern and recognition process of contemporary people. In addition, it is also changing human recognition per se. First of all, digital image media have caused not only the remarkable change of social and cultural environment, but also a revolutionary change of educational field. The digital image media are thought of as one of the most efficient communication media which can satisfy optical desires of humankind and realize multilateral and sympathetic interchanges utilizing other sense organs. Therefore, the digital image media are anticipated to be a very efficient tool of teaching and learning program. Through this theoretical review we try to emphasize the needs for the development of teaching and learning program of intercultural education utilizing digital image media and game contents.

This paper empirically studies R&D investment and firm value in game companies. Found the following results First, the empirical results show that negative relation between R&D investment absolute scale and firm value. On the other hand, an increase in R&D intensity has simultaneously positive relations with firm value. On an existing research, we can conjecture that game companies should increase its R&D intensity rather than R&D investment absolute. Couldn´t find significant results when it comes to long term performance of R&D. In light of these, can be inferred that R&D investments affect more short term than long term firm value in game industry.

This paper empirically studies R&D investment and firm value in game companies. Found the following results First, the empirical results show that negative relation between R&D investment absolute scale and firm value. On the other hand, an increase in R&D intensity has simultaneously positive relations with firm value. On an existing research, we can conjecture that game companies should increase its R&D intensity rather than R&D investment absolute. Couldn´t find significant results when it comes to long term performance of R&D. In light of these, can be inferred that R&D investments affect more short term than long term firm value in game industry.

We present a palm recognition system that can be used for developing an interactive amusement including game contents. The first step of our system is to capture palm photographs using web camera and to extract hand region using YCbCr color transformation and the active contour model. In the second, we build a template that formulates the conditions for recognizing palm lines. We apply Hough transform to the hand region to extract line information and match the extracted lines with the template to recognize palm lines. We further build a series of fortunetelling stories that match the shape and organization of palm lines to complete the amusement system based on palm recognition.

Multimedia game contents is effective and efficient instruction media to support learning for students with development disabilities who have attention and learning difficulties. Many education game programs have developed to enhance learning fluency and learner’s interest. These programs also can be applied to students with developmental disabilities successfully. To this, education game program is designed to access all students including students with disabilities. In this study, to assess and suggest education game program accessibility, 6 education game programs were reviewed through teacher’s recommendation. Also These programs were rated 5 point likert scale by 30 teachers and special education specialists according UDL(Universal design for Learning) 9 guidelines. The results show that well designed education game program applied efficiently to students with developmental disabilities and it need to consider practices to enhance accessibility. Implications for further studies were suggested.

Digital dementia becomes an issue these days which causes failure of one’s memory and calculation ability because many people rely heavily on digital devices, such as smart phones. Smart devices themselves become smarter and smarter whereas digital device users become dumber and dumber, and finally they are suffering from digital dementia. Serious games can be defined as games which combine entertainments with various applications. They relieve the negative opinions which belong to existing games, so many game titles have been released as serious games in these days. This research is motivated by the fact that serious games were originated to overcome practical issues. In this paper, a serious game is presented to prevent digital dementia and its effectiveness is shown. The proposed serious game is composed of simple four fundamental arithmetic operations which improve one’s calculation ability. Since simple arithmetic operations are familiar regardless of one’s age, they are chosen. Everyone can enjoy the game beause random factors are added. This paper concludes that serious games can be used to prevent digital dementia very effectively.

People have been experiencing lot of incidents for their lives which results in gaining their impetus. Each impetus derives an emotion and such emotion is either of positive or negative one. The positive emotion motivates activation of his life but the negative emotion demotivates one. Specifically, the negative motivation will be much worse for children and it could be adversely affected to their emotional development. The paper first characterizes how to regulate an emotion in a view of psychology base and also characterizes how to regulate the emotion for children. And then, we analyze serious game contents which have been developed to care a negative emotion for children and youth to derive some game elements to be used in the games. Finally, by combining the two characterizations of regulation of emotion in psychology view and the serious games, we propose effective game elements for caring children’s negative emotion. We expect that the results will provide a good guideline when we make a serious game to care children’s negative emotion.

The purpose of this research was to explore whether playing self-hygiene serious game has any effect on the knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavior related to self-hygiene of young children. Three children, ages 5 and 6, all male, participated in this study. Three children were observed for one, two, and three weeks before game play. After this baseline period, the children were given a game titled Parasite Wars, in which the children have to kill the parasites to get healthy, to play for one week. After the initial exposure to the game, the children were observed during one week of game play for self-hygiene behavior. Also, immediately before and after the week of game-play, children were tested on knowledge and self-efficacy related to self-hygiene. Results indicate that all children improved in knowledge and self-efficacy after the gameplay. Numbers of voluntary hand-wash increased after initial exposure to the game for all three children. The numbers of verbal facilitation for hand-wash all decreased with game-play.

Users of smrtphone based mobile social network games are rapidly increasing. However, there are few researches for smartphone based mobile social network games. In this paper, we conducted a qualitative study in order to understand the continual usage intention of mobile social network game from indepth interview. As a result, passing time, hedonic valuem social value, challenge/competition, perceived enjoyment, and social interaction were found to have positive effects on continuous usage intention of smartphone based mobile social network game. And network quality, difficulties of game, and social interaction were found to have negative effects on continuous usage intention of smartphone based mobile social network game. This study provides practical suggestions for developers of social network game to invigorate the smart-phone based social network game market, such as improved additional investment for simple game interface, easy game rule, additional interactive services.

Recently, some conservative members of the National Assembly pushed a new proposal for regulating online games, because negative aspects of the game are being emphasized. It is needed to try to make good games that exert a good influence on game users. This paper proposes the new game design of a Bible Smart Phone Game for Sunday school. To support this idea, the play system of popular running games is used for fun, and players are quizzed about sunday school lesson for education. Also, we made a game prototype of this Bible Game in android platform.

Gamification is a new concept using elements of game mechanism with clear goals in non-game contexts. This idea has been used successfully in a variety of domains with positive effects of games and game culture. As games have been a powerful tool in persuasion and behavior changes with purposive desings, such gaming effects have brought about a new era, called “Game 3.0”. This paper proposes transitional aspects of Game 3.0 Era, by focusing on gamification concepts and applied game machanism. From previous literature, the structural elements of gamification can be derived from the concepts of play, entertainment game, edutainment, funware, and serious games. Likewise, core elements of gamification comprise participation & engagement (as motivational factors associated with digital games, GameFlow, E-GameFlow), game mechanics, and game dynamics. The various aspects of game eras from Game 1.0 to Game 3.0 are summarized and discussed.

This study is to develop a mathematical analysis model to grasp the behaviors of cartels. Cartels are formed tacitly and cause tremendous damage to consumers in modern society which is composed of advanced industry structure. The government authorities have instituted the leniency programs to respond cartels. However, cartels will continue unless there are legal sanctions against cartels based on an accurate analysis of leniency programs. The proposed cartel equilibrium analysis model is a mathematical behavior model which is based on the existing methods and the prison’s dilemma of game theory. Therefore, the model has a form of pay off matrix of two players. We use a iterated polymatrix approximation (IPA) method to deduct a Nash equilibrium point. The model is validated by an empirical analysis as well.

This Study has analyzed the trends of flow studies in the domestic game field. First, the flow studies in the domestic game field are mainly from economics, business administration, journalism and broadcasting and so on. Second, the content of studies is biased toward the use of games. Third, the definition of the flow concept is divided into the following two methods. The one is the method of describing user's flow condition and the other is the method of describing antecedents and consequence of flow. Fourth, technology acceptance model is mostly introduced as a theory associated with flow. The loyalty is mostly presented as a dependent variable of positive results of flow experience. Our study analyzed former studies on flow theory which is useful to research user's immersion and continuous use of games. We expect that the results of the study will be useful data for domestic game industry, research and so on.

In this paper we offered a new UI design for Chinese input method on smart devices during Gameplay. Currently the well-known conventional stroke-based Chinese input method using only five basic stroke types could achieve low leaning curve and small keypad implementation, we made the UI design base on this stroke-based input method compensating the problem that input speed is limited and finally relatively higher the input speed. For experiment we designed and implemented the new UI for input method by Unity3D. Input by pressing or typing keys is replaced by more using sliding. To improve the input speed of the stroke-based method slide direction arrows are used and selected character will be intuitively shown to user in real time as designed. And the Four Tones(四声) in Chinese pronunciation is also been used to improve the input speed for this input method. In addition, to evaluation the new input method UI, we have conducted experiments on smart device comparing with four basic Chinese input methods. Through the numeric values recorded in the evaluation by inputting random 20 Chinese characters and two-letter Chinese words, comparing the input speed, click times, the typo rate shows the advantages of the new UI and proved that the new UI is better than others for using in smart device game.

On July 30, 2012, Kakao Talk of Kakao Co., Ltd has pioneered a mobile platform SNG market for the first time in the country along with the launch of ‘Kakao Game Center’. While Kakao Talk has released a puzzle game called ‘Anipang’ at the time of launching the Kakao Game Center, it has recorded a DAU value exceeding 8 million at the most by dominating the domestic mobile game market for smart phones right after being released. However, a sudden decrease of DAU was shown starting September 4th which is not even two month after being released and the defection of DAU continues to occur. This is a condition which is different from the Facebook SNG which is a computer platform based SNG where the DAU is steadily maintained until now. This study attempts to analyze the cause of such conditions through the comparison between Facebook SNG and Kakao Talk SNG representing each of computer platform based SNG and mobile platform based SNG to present an important reference point for the game creators who are preparing for the participation of mobile platform based SNG industry in the future through this analysis.