This study investigated characteristics of buckling load and effective buckling length by member rigidity of dome-typed space frame which was sensitive to initial conditions. A critical point and a buckling load were computed by analyzing the eigenvalues and determinants of the tangential stiffness matrix. The hexagonal pyramid model and star dome were selected for the case study in order to examine the nodal buckling and member buckling in accordance with member rigidity. From the numerical results, an effective buckling length factor of adopted models was bigger than that of Euler buckling for the case of fixed boundary. These numerical models indicated that the influence of nodal buckling was greater than that of member buckling as member rigidity was higher. Besides, there was a tendency that the bifurcation appeared on the equilibrium path before limit point in the member buckling model.

소년범에 대해서는 특별법인 소년법을 별도로 제정하여 성인범의 경우와 달리 그 처리절차나 처벌에 있어서 특별한 예외조치를 강구하고 다양한 보호처분을 마련하고 있다. 또 정부를 비롯하여 민간 사회기관 등, 범국가적 차원에서 형벌에 대응하는 여러 대안들을 개발‧운영함으로써 소년범죄의 방지와 소년범죄자의 재범방지를 통한 재사회화 노력을 병행하고 있다. 하지만 성인범의 경우와 달리 오히려 소년범은 줄지 않고 있으며, 그 재범률은 여전히 높은 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 현상이 발생하고 있는 것은 소년사건이 발생한 경우에 가장 먼저 처리하게 되는 경찰관에게 소년범에 대한 독자적인 처리권이 인정되지 않고 있는 것에도 큰 원인이 있다고 할 수 있다. 왜냐하면 소년범에 대하여 그 사건의 경중에 관계없이 경찰, 검찰 나아가 법원이라고 하는 사법절차를 모두 거치도록 하면 사법처리기간이 상당히 길어지게 되고, 따라서 이들에 대한 사회적 낙인효과가 매우 커지게 되면서 그 영향으로 인하여 사법절차가 종료된 후에도 정상적인 회귀가 어려워지게 됨에 따라 소년범의 재사회화를 방해하기 때문이다. 따라서 가장 강력한 소년범의 예방 및 재범방지 대책으로서 경찰의 조기개입 및 역할의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 이에 본고에서는 경찰의 소년범처리에 관한 법제와 더불어 소년범의 재범방지를 위한 대응책의 현황과 문제점에 대해서 살펴본 후, 넓은 의미의 교정이라는 관점에서 소년범의 재범방지를 위한 경찰의 개입확대방안으로 소년범처리에 있어서 경찰재량권의 확대, 경찰훈방에 대한 법적 근거의 마련 및 활성화도모, 소년범전담부서의 일원화와 전문성 강화, 경찰다이버전의 확충 및 실효적인 연계기관의 구축 등의 방안을 제시하였다.

최근 들어 대학교육에서 교양교육의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 이에 따라 교양교육 커리큘럼 안에 무용분야를 효과적으로 포용하고자 하는 관심이 많아지고 있다. 하지만 많은 연구들은 교 양무용의 효과를 제시한 반면 그 교육 전략에 대한 연구는 드문 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 한국 대학의 교양교육 현황을 토대로 변화하는 문화 속에서 무용 연구가 교양교육에 효과적으로 통 합시킬 수 있는 가능성과 그 지도 전략을 제시하는데 그 목적을 둔다. 기존 교양무용에 대한 연 구들을 토대로 그 효과를 확인하고 그 효과를 증대시키기 위한 지도방안을 도출하고자 하였다. 결과적으로 우리나라 교양무용교육은 적절한 시설과 전공교육과는 구분되는 일반인들에게 초점 을 맞춘 교육으로 실기 수업과 이론수업을 적절히 혼용하고 각기 다른 지도법을 적용하여 학생 들로 하여금 무용에 대한 일반적인 관심과 더불어 미래 무용공연에 관객으로서 참여할 수 있도 록 유도할 수 있기를 바라는 바이다.

The current study aimed to describe overall trends in recent English second language (L2) academic writing research and to identify effective interventions. To support drawing defensible conclusions based on the literature dealing with L2 writing, only recent empirical articles dealing with academic writing for English-L2 college students published in peer reviewed journals were included. Fifty five English L2 writing articles met the criteria for inclusion. For the identification of effective L2 writing interventions, I discriminated if the studies provided L2 writing interventions and the relevance to L2 writing development. As a result of analyses based on themes emerging in the English L2 academic writing literature, I noted effective English L2 academic writing interventions. Those interventions were teacher feedback, self-regulatory learning, peer feedback, and technology use. The use of a variety of measures and incorporation of specificity about prompts into the studies was recommended and the developmental trajectory of L2 writers was suggested to be further studied.

2010년 STCW 마닐라 수정안은 항해사에게 선교자원관리에 대한 지식 및 기능에 관한 해기능력을 강제적인 사항으로 포함하고 있다. 본 연구는 선교자원관리의 관점에서 STCW 2010 개정안에 토대를 둔 국내 교육 프로그램의 적절한 방향을 제안한다. 선교자원관리 프로그램과 관련하여 그 내용 및 교육방법이 국내 교육프로그램에 대한 설문조사를 통하여 분석되었다. 그 결과로서 본 연구는 현재의 선교자원관리 교육 프로그램을 개선하기 위한 몇 가지 제안을 한다.

승선실습교육은 해기사로서의 기본적인 소양과 기능을 연마하기 위하여 이론과 실무를 겸비하도록 하고 다양한 교육 및 훈련과정을 통해 위기상황 대처능력과 자립심을 향상시켜 선박이라는 특수한 작업환경에서 부여된 업무를 효과적으로 달성시키는데 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전문적인 지식 및 리더십을 겸비한 유능한 해기사를 양성하고 승선실습교육의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 실습선 실습기관사 승선실습교육 향상 및 지도를 위한 몇 가지 개선 방안을 제안하고자 한다.

The trend is going to obtain the accurate and fast information to the development of information technology and electronic technology as an important part of corporate management. Press equipment to produce products that target is small and medium businesses. Became so economical real-time production information system(R-PIS) model has been implemented. R-PIS configure the embedded hardware and PC application software. This system is easy maintenance and upgrade that general-purpose PC and a modular hardware devices. Consists of modules such as wireless communication, LCD, Key-pad, memory control, and sensor signal. R-PIS is efficient materials and product management to maximize the productivity of the enterprise.

Studies have shown that the future of the wine market rests on the effective and efficient changes in technology to the supply chain used by most of the major global players. In today’s wine industry, companies are faced with the ever-shifting demand for their products, strict regulation and increasing price competition. Even at that, mature companies in the wine industry are succeeding by scaling up production, streamlining their supply chains, expanding into new geographic areas, implementing more efficient processes, cleverly marketing products, and focusing on ever closer relationships with suppliers, partners and customers. However, this paper looks at supply chain challenges in the wine industry from a global perspective presented in the inbound, manufacturing and outbound processes as well as offer effective solutions in order for companies to gain a competitive advantage and succeed on a global level.

해상에서 위법행위를 한 외국선박의 단속과 관련하여 자국의 형사관할권을 영역 외까지 확대하는 것은 많은 국가의 관심사이다. 국제 해상테러와 해적행위의 단속에 있어 영해 외 해역에서 자국의 형사관할권을 행사하는 문제도 새로이 주목을 받고 있다. 미국과 일본의 경우 국경에서의 혐의자 또는 혐의선박에 대한 수색과 관련하여 일반적인 형사소송법상의 강제처분의 요건과는 다른 완화된 요건을 기초로 하는 수색권을 인정하려 하기도 한다. 이러한 시도는 모두 자국의 영역 외 또는 국경에서 자국의 관할권 행사를 강화하여 자국의 이익을 수호하려는 움직임들이다. 본 논문은 이러한 최근의 변화되고 있는 국제적인 동향에 대한 고찰을 통해 영해 외 해역에서 우리 형사관할권의 영역적 한계와 범위의 확대 문제에 대하여 실체법과 절차법의 측면에서 고찰하고 효율적인 형사관할권 행사 방안에 대해서 논하고 있다. 더불어 최근 입법된 해양경비법의 내용을 해양검문검색과 추적 및 나포에 관한 규정을 중심으로 관련하여 고찰하였다.

Actias artemis is a members of the family Saturniidae, also known as wild silkmoths, have impressive color and size. In 2012, estimation of Actias artemis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) abundance in HECRI was conducted using the mark-release-recapture (MRR) method (Jolly, 1965) from mid to late May. Seven sampling events were accomplished from 19 May, 21 May, 22 May, 24 May, 26 May, 28 May and on 30 May, during the main flight of the species. Marking was made by writing numbers in the hind wing of each individual moths. Most collections were undertaken by a team of experienced four or six researches of HECRI using light trap (mercury lamp: 250W). Seven female and 58 male moths were captured in study site. The effective population size of Actias artemis was 24.9 and heterozygosity was more than 97%. Seven marked moths were recaptured, resulting in 9.7% of recapture rate. The estimated population size of A. artemis showed a peak by 133 individuals on 22 May and then declined. The estimated adult numbers of A. artemis using MRR method from minimum 168 to maximum 5,332 (p<0.05).

Cryptic color patterns in prey are classical examples of adaptations to avoid predation, but we still know little about behaviors that reinforce the match between animal body and the background. For example, moths avoid predators by matching their color patterns with the background, but the contribution of their behavior to their crypticity have not been well understood. Here, we report the previously underappreciated ability of moths to find the locally most cryptic spot and body orientation by using two species Hypomecis roboraria and Jankowskia fuscaria. We show that body positioning behavior, performed frequently by moths after landing on bark, results in a significant increase of the camouflage effect provided by their cryptic color pattern alone. We also found that moths recognize multiple background cues, such as furrow structure, visual patterns, and roundness to position and orient themselves. Our study demonstrate morphological adaptations, such as color pattern of moths, cannot be fully understood without taking into account a behavioral phenotype that coevolved with the morphology for increasing the adaptive value of the morphological trait.

A new model and resultant equation for the coagulation of acrylonitrile monomers in precipitation polymerization are suggested in consideration of the surface tension (γ) and cohesive energy density (ECED). The equation was proven to be quite favorable by considering figure fittings from known surface tensions and cohesive energy densities of certain organic solvents. The relationship between scale value of surface tension (γ/M) and cohesive energy density of monomers can be obtained by changing the coagulation bath component for effective precipitation polymerization of acrylonitrile in wet spinning.

As a leading nation of ubiquitous technology, South Korea has been promoting u-City pilot projects throughout the country. According to ‘Fundamental Construction Law of u-City,’ u-City projects are classified into old-town and new-town types. However, mos

본 논문은 Markless AR(AugmentedReality)에서 가장 많이 활용되는 SURF(Speeded Up Robust Features) 기법의 효율성을 높인 새로운 특징 추출 알고리즘을 제시한다. 기존의 SURF 알고리즘은 불변 특징점을 보장하기 위해 Scale Pyramid를 이용하며 고정된 크기의 블록단위 NMS(Non-Maximum Suppression)를 사용하기 때문에 많은 계산이 요구된다. 제안된 알고리즘은 관심점에서만 특징점을 구하는 적응적 NMS 기법을 제시하여, Scale Pyramid를 사용하지 않고 불변 특징점을 보장하면서 동시에관심 영역에서 적응적 NMS를 수행함으로써 연산을 줄이는 효율적인 특징 추출 알고리즘을 개발하였다.

In elementary education, the fact that writing is moredifficult than literacy has been widely accepted by students and teachers.Writing needs a large number of practices and a certain accumulation inliteracy, which are both key phrases in education. Unfortunately existingeducation programs fail to offer students a good way to improve writing.With the development of information technology, students are able topractise writing everyday and accumulate literacy efficiently. However,problems like teaching laws of writing are still unsolved. In this paperwe propose a solution based on information technology which complies thepedagogical principles in education. Furthermore, we obtain remarkableachievements and valuable feedbacks from several tests and trials in fieldschools. In our future work, we hope to eliminate issues in literacy andwriting like poor quality, overburdern and education inequalities froma technical perspective.

The Philippines is a beautiful country which has diversity in terms of ethnicity, language, faith, and culture. In the past, the Philippines was colonized by Spain, Japan, and America. In particular, Philippine culture is complex largely because of different cultures shared and transmitted by the members of Filipino society. This study attempted to study the main characteristics of some representative cultures of the Philippines and tried to effectively communicate the Gospel to the people on the basis of “points of contact,” revealed during study of the representative cultures. This study presented three culture themes as “points of contact” related to Filipino culture. First, this study discovered that Philippine society had mainly nuclear family units composed of father, mother, and unmarried children. Nuclear family units were usually linked to the larger family which occurred within the traditional bilocal extended family. This study utilized a house church model to evangelize the people who were living in this kind of family system. The house church model was effective on the basis of multiple human relationships of the oikos. Second, this study discovered that there were poor people who were living marginal lives, whether in rural areas or urban areas. They were suffering from severe poverty transmitted from generation to generation largely because of the structural evil caused by the corruption and inability of the Filipino government. Churches would need to support the poor more substantially and systematically in cooperation with the NGO’s and the Filipino government while understanding the culture of poverty. Third, this study discovered that there were plural religions including both traditional and popular religions. The main, traditional religion was animism prevalent throughout the Philippines, whereas popular religions were a mixture of various religions, developed according to indigenous situations of the Philippines. This study presented methods of evangelism which would effectively transform the Filipino world view in order to make them true disciples of Jesus Christ. They would need true conversion through the work of the Holy Spirit. The Philippines is a beautiful country in which Filipinos can experience real righteousness, peace, and joy in God's kingdom as the churches intentionally engage in holistic mission. Holistic mission calls for the house church model, solidarity with the poor, and evangelism, that is, making true disciples of Jesus Christ.

In this paper, I present my face detection and tracking method. First, image enhancement is carried out in HSV space especially if the input image is acquired from unconstrained illumination condition. I used a method for image enhancement in HSV space based on the local processing of image. I propose a lighting invariant face detection system based upon the edge and skin tone information of the input color image. The advantage of the proposed face detection is that, it can detect faces with different size, pose, and expression under unconstrained illumination conditions. I combined the Kalman filter with Camshift to enable track recovery after occlusions and to avoid the tracking failures caused by objects and background with similar colors to face. In my tracking method, I particularly focus on face tracking. The size and position of window are obtained after Camshift iteration. Kalman filtering is used to predict the next starting iterative point of Camshift. The experimental results show that my tracking method get the better results than Camshift in occlusion sequences and dynamic backgrounds.