The pine trees have been existing in Korean Peninsula since about 7,000 years ago. It is the tree which has been always present in Korean's life and it is the tree which has a potential to become a true identity of Korea's Nature. In This study, the characteristics of pine(Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) forest in the "True-View landscape paintings" during the late chosun dynasty were investigated according to the 9-categorization. The result of the study are as follows: 1452 pine tree forests samples are collected from 179 "True-View landscape paintings". The 9 classifications are following; Mountain top, saddle os mountain, foot of hill, Ridge, Valley, Slope, Rock, Soil, Waterside. In the case of the topography, 64.3% of the pine forests are drawn in the ridges. The forests are mainly located on the tops and the saddles of mountains. The current ecological findings also show that the ridges are the most suitable sites for pine trees. the pine forests drawn in the valley are frequently in the foot of mountains and the rock. The slopes(135) and the valleys(267) are mainly located foot of hill.

현장에서의 레디믹스트 콘크리트(이하 레미콘) 품질에 대한 신뢰도의 정량적 평가를 위해 동일 규격 레미콘에 대하여 타설시기에 따른 슬럼프값, 공기량, 염분함유량 및 재령에 따른 압축강도의 품질 특성값의 변동정도를 비교하고 각각의 시험값들을 통계적인 분석도구를 이용하여 그 품질변동 요인 및 품질값을 분석하였다. 이러한 분석 결과를 통해 7일강도와 28일강도 사이의 상관식과 공기량 및 슬럼프의 품질 신뢰도를 파악하였으며 이에 대한 결과 고찰 및 콘크리트 품질 확보를 위한 관리방안을 모색하고자 하였다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the locational characteristics of arboretums using GIS- based spatial analysis method in korea, focusing on the utilization of arboretums. For this analysis, two national arboretums, fifteen public arboretums, twenty four private arboretums, and six arboretums managed by an educational establishment were selected to collect data for the information on spatial location analysis. The procedure of this study has three steps. First, as main factors to affect the locational characteristics of arboretums, the accessibility of road, the proximity of urban and their environs are chosen, and the spatial influence of arboretum is determined by population dwelling near to arboretum. Second, the thematic map data for this analysis is generated using distance measurement method and graded through scoring method. Finally, the relationship between locational factor score of arboretum and the number of visitors was investigated to validate feasibility of the spatial locational analysis using GIS. As a preliminary research, this study shows that spatial locational characteristics of arboretums can be evaluated objectively and quantitatively using GIS (Geographic Information System) and the result of this study can provide fundamental information for developing and managing an arboretum.

논에 있어서 정밀농업시 변량시비가 벼 생육에 미치는 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 토양 및 생육정보를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시험전 토양의 변이계수는 EC, 유기물, 전질소, 유효인산 및 칼리는 11.63~52.03% 로 10% 이상의 큰 변이를 보였으나 pH는 각각 1.96~4.9% 로 적었다. 2. 생육중의 경수는 10%이상의 변이를 보였으나 초장, 엽색 및 쌀수량, 현미중 단백질은 10%이하의 변이를 보였다. 변량시비에 의하여 변이계수가 쌀수량은 8.06%에서 5.22% 및 5.81%로, 현미중 단백질 함량은 4.06%에서 3.40%로 낮아졌다. 3. 공간구조의 강약을 보여주는 Q값은 시험전 토양의 pH, 전질소함량, 유효인산 및 칼리함량은 0.60이상으로 공간의존성이 강하였으며, 엽색, 초장, 쌀수량 및 현미중 단백질함량 등도 0.50이상으로 공간의존성이 강하였으나 유수 형성기 경수는 0.22로 공간 의존성이 약했다. 4. 공간거리를 나타내는 공간의존 거리는 현미중 단백질 함량을 제외하고는 20 m 이상의 공간의존성이 있었다. 5. 시험전 토양의 pH, SiO2 및 초장, 엽색은 기비와 정의 상관을 보였으나 O.M.은 부의상관을 보였다. 수비는 시험 전 토양중 EC, O.M. 및 토양 고저차와는 정의 상관을 보였으나 초장, 경수 및 엽색과는 부의상관을 보였다. 현미중 단백질 함량은 토양중 SiO2 및 엽색, 수량과는 정의 상관을 보였으나 토양중 O.M.과는 부의상관을 보였으며 쌀수량은 초장, 경수 및 엽색과는 정의상관을 토양중 PH와는 부의 상관을 보였다.

This study has been conducted to perform the survey on the ecological systems, scenary, and water quality change for agriculturally purposed drainage channels constructed with the application of environment-friendly methods and thus to evaluate the environment-friendly redevelopment effects of them. The main results of this study are as follow: 1. The channels not looking good aesthetically before redevelopment had changed into graceful scenic views from the aspect of landscape architecture as natural-type gently waterside to the channel and naturally-looking water stream. In the village parks developed for the rest of residents, an enough view was secured and thus a wide prospect scope could be obtained. 2. The flora in the channels have increased to 35 families and 82 species from 19 families and 32 species before renovation. As the growth speed of them are slower than externally-brought plants, they can cause some risks to the stability of land slope, including scour by erosion. From that reason, it is necessary to adequately combine the species of the plants both natively growing there and externally-brought planted. 3. In case of water quality, it turned out that, from more than a year after redevelopment, plants began to take roots and the water quality improved. On the contrary, there have been some cases, partly found, that aggravated the quality of water due to the causes like as retention of floating matters by withered plants or plant bodies after the growth of plants in the channels under survey became active, and therefore it is judged that a periodic maintenance of waterways is needed. 4. In case of fishes, all species before renovation have revived, and the population and the number of species have increased after works the formation of puddles in the channels. In waterside grasslands, amphibia and reptiles have not only increased but also been diversified.

Airborne particles collected from a heavily industrialized site were analyzed by chemical speciation of seven trace metals: Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and As. The average concentrations were as follows: Zn, 502.0 ± 230.7; Pb, 176.5 ± 310.9; Cu, 111.9 ± 82.7; As, 38.0 ± 31.0; Cr, 21.5 ± 24.4; Cd, 20.8 ± 17.4; and Ni, 11.4 ± 8.4 ng/m3. The median enrichment factor (EF) values of Cd (7,280), As (1,030), Cu (215), Zn (214), and Pb (143), with respect to iron, were much larger than 100. We observed that Cd was found in the soluble and exchangeable form (56.9%), and that Pb and Cr were found in carbonates, oxides and the reducible form (69.8% and 61.1%, respectively). These two forms, which are the most easily absorbed into human body tissue, predominated in most of the trace metals investigated in this study.

본 연구는 충청북도 제천시 생태숲 조성예정지의 자원식물상을 체계적으로 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 이 지역은 북위 37˚ 12', 동경 127˚ 57'에 위치하고 2004년 3월부터 10월까지 조사하였다. 관속식물상은 83과 238속 324종 44변종 3품종 등 총 371종류가 확인되었고 자원식물상 조사결과 관상용 식물자원은 178종 (47.98%), 식용 식물자원은 232종(62.53%), 약용 식물자원은 257종(69.27%), 기타용 식물자원은 154종(41.51%)로 나타났다. 산림청 희귀 및 멸종위기식물은 너도바람꽃, 백작약, 태백 제비꽃, 미치광이풀로 조사되었다.

The survey of user's satisfactory degree of location, plantings, facilities, operation, and management factors on national parks' camp sites was carried out. Many problems were analyzed and identified. This survey was for proposing the correct way to plan and draft for camping site after this. In addition to, the realization of environmental education through nature friendly recreation was aimed at. According to the result of the survey, the followings were suggested as necessities to improve the camp site. 1. Repair and replacement of insufficiently managed facilities should be aimed at. 2. Facilities for a handicapped person should be preferentially introduced. 3. Active management and publicity in low-demand season that practiced by developed countries should be carried out. Seasonal program for various age groups should be operated. 4. Surrounding tourist site, camp site, and trail should be organically connected by shuttle bus and other transports. A survey was carried out for the user satisfaction in the campsites of national parks. Based on this survey concerned with the location, planting, facilities, operation and management, the problems were identified and analysed to improve future design and plan of the campsites. This study aims for the realization of environmental education through nature friendly recreation. The following points are suggested as needed according to the survey result. 1.damaged facilities should be repaired or replaced. 2.introduction of the facilities for disabled should be prioritized. 3.consistent and active management and publicity work should be operated in the off-peak season. and the seasonal activity programs for the various age groups should be provided. 4.the site should be well connected with other surrounding campsites and tourist sites using the shuttle bus and other transport method.

Sequence-tagged site (STS) markers tightly linked to the bacterial leaf blight (BLB) resistance genes, xa5, xa13 and Xa21, were used in this study. A survey was conducted to find polymorphisms between the resistant and susceptible germplasm in rice. 500 of Korean varieties and 100 of landraces were evaluated in this study. STS marker, RG207 was used to having xa5 resistance gene of rice germplasm. 27 varieties of Korean germplasm showed resistant for xa5 gene. The RG136 an xa-13 marker resulted in a single band of approximately 1kb in all the rice accessions studied. In order to detect polymorphism, digestion of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was performed using a restriction enzyme Hinf Ⅰ. The resistant lines resulted in two bands 0.5kb on digestion with Hinf Ⅰ, while the same enzyme did not digest the PCR product of susceptible lines. No polymorphism was detected in Korean varieties and landraces, indicating that they probably do not contain xa13 gene. pTA248 an Xa-21 marker detected a band of 1kb in the resistant lines and bands of either 750bp or 700bp in the susceptible lines. Among germplasm tested, there are no varieties and landraces with Xa21 resistant gene. The results of the germplasm survey will be useful for the selection of parents in breeding programs aimed at transferring these bacterial blight resistance genes from one varietal background to another.

Co-segregation of male fertility with DNA markers selected by RAPD analysis as being potentially linked to the restorer gene (Rf) for Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) was analyzed using segregating F2 population. One RAPD marker directly linked to the Rf locus was identified. Amplification of OPT-02/570 using the STS primers generated a monomorphic band of each fertile plants randomly selected F2 progenies. From these results, this specific marker would be strongly linked to be restoring gene. The use of STS marker is effective in overcoming the reliability of the RAPD phenotype and improving their utility for MAS, co-dominant STS markers are especially very useful.

During the period from April to September 2002, the size distributions of ambient aerosol were measured at the coastal site at Hamduk in Jeju Island. Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Cl- exhibited mostly a bimodal coarse mode size distribution, while ammonium and sulfate were mainly in the fine size range, with maximum at around 0.54㎛. The average molar concentration ratio of ammonium to sulfate for fine particles was equal to 2.0±0.9. Nitrate was evenly found in both the coarse and fine modes. Elements like Al, Fe, Cu, Mg, Na, Ti, Sr and Mn were dominant in coarse particles, with the maximum at around 5.25㎛. S and Pb were mainly in the submicrometer size range. Other elements with a fine and coarse modes were V, Ni, Cu, Ba and Mo. The patterns of the size distributions of trace elements measured at the downtown in Jeju City were very similar to those at the coastal site in Hamduk. However, the amplitude of size fractional concentrations at Jeju City was narrower than that at Hamduk. While the mass median diameters for the chemical species originated from the natural origin such as marine and crust were relatively large, those for ammonium, sulfate, S and Pb were very small.

대부분의 웹 캐시는 도큐먼트를 기반으로 하여 캐시 내에 임시적으로 도큐먼트를 저장하고 사용자의 요청이 있을 때 그에 해당된 도큐먼트가 캐시 내에 존재하면 그 도큐먼트를 사용자에게 전송해 주고, 캐시 내에 존재하지 않을 때에는 새로운 도큐먼트를 서버에게 요청하여 캐시 내에 복사를 하고 사용자에게 되돌려 준다. 이때 캐시의 용량 초과로 인해 새로운 도큐먼트를 기존의 도큐먼트와 교체하기 위해 도큐먼트 교체정책(replacement policy)을 사용한다. 일반적인 교체정책에는 도큐먼트를 기반으로 한 LRU기법이나 UFU기법 등이 있고, 그 밖의 여러 가지 교체정책을 사용하여 캐시내의 도큐먼트를 효과적으로 교체한다. 하지만, 위의 교체정책은 사이트의 인기도를 고려하지 않고 도큐먼트 요청 시간과 빈도수 만을 고려하여 교체정책을 수행한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 요청이 빈번한 도큐먼트와 사이트의 인기도를 고려한 교체정책을 사용하여 요청이 빈번하지 않은 도큐먼트를 효과적으로 교체함으로써 캐시의 적중률(hit-ratio)을 높이고, 캐시의 내용을 효과적으로 관리할 수 있는 현대적인 네트워크 환경에 적합한 도큐먼트 교체정책인 사이트의 인기도를 고려한 도큐먼트 교체 정책을 제시한다.

환경문제에 대한 유동시뮬레이션은 수체에서의 오염 물질의 거동에 대한 정확한 예측과 보다 나은 이해를 위해 국지적인 상세한 분석이 종종 요구된다. 이 연구는 연안의 개발 및 거대항만개발계획이 야기하는 연안지역의 변화가능성을 발견하기 위한 2차원흐름과 분산모형의적용을 다루고 있다. 유한요소법은 복잡한 연안의 기하학을 실제와 유사하게 다를 수 있는 능력과 유연성 때문에 매력적인 방법이라 할 수 있는데, 본 모형은 유한요소법과 Galerkin의 가중잔차법에 의한 접근을 그 기초로 하였고, 개발된 모형은 부산 신항만지구에 적용되었다. 모형의 결과는 관측수심과 대상해역의 4개 지점에 비교하였으며, 모의된 흐름 패턴은 건설장소로부터 멀리 떨어져서 흐름의 영향을 받지 않는 지점에서의 관측자료와 유사한 양상을 보였다. 이러한 시뮬레이션 결과로부터 이 모델이 항만계획과 관리 목적을 위한 다른 다수의 연구, 특히 흐름이 매우 복잡한 근해에 있어서의 오염확산과 흐름분석에 대해서 유용한 수단이 돌 수 있음을 알았다.