With rapid growth of the one-person households, this study focused on the psychological effects of pet plant gardening, one of the new trend of gardening among them. To clarify the psychological influences of pet plant gardening, 30 university students conducted gardening of pet plants in 90 days and the psychological effects was measured by the standardization personality inventory test before and after gardening. As results, pet plant gardening showed the effects of decreasing depression feeling of all participants, and the effects was significant in female than male. Pet plants gardening led to change females' personality more actively and more leadingly. Therefore, this data verified the positive effects in psychologically and induced personality showed pet plants gardening induced the positive effects the aspects of psychology and personality.

Social entrepreneurship is increasingly gaining interest in developing countries for the great benefits of society. In Vietnam, the concept of social entrepreneurship is still quite new. Entrepreneurial intention is regarded as a useful and practial approach for understanding actual entrepreneurial behavior. The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated model based on planned behavior to examine the direct and indirect effect of perceived access to finance on social entrepreneurial intention. The confirm factor analysis to study the latent constructs underlying determinants of planned behavioral theory, perceived access to finance and social entrepreneurial intention. Then, it applies the technique of structural equation modeling to explore relationships among latent constructs. There is no direct relationship between perceived access to finance and social entrepreneurial intention. Perceived access to finance only indirectly increases entrepreneurial intention through attitude towards behavior and perceived behavioral. This study focuses on the perceptual factor of financial access that affects entrepreneurial intentions. The study does not cover other in-depth issues of social entrepreneurship such as decision making, leadership, personality traits, social capital, and human capital. To establish an environment with a strong social entrepreneurial intention, a focus on developing perceived access to finance is an extremely important factor. This study also suggests that attitude towards behavior and perceived behavioral have a strong impact to social entrepreneurship

This study aimed to improve job performance for student with disabilities through competency-based instructionally designed indoor gardening course. In this study, The first step is that job analysis such as task range, eligibility, core competency, index of capability, etc was done by a focus group composed of 10 specialists in the industry and academia. The second step is developing a diagnostic tool of indoor gardening activity competency. The third step is the selection of diagnostic test students. The 4th step is selection of subjects for competency diagnostic testing. The 5th step is competency diagnostic testing The 6th step is analysis of competency improvement for instructional design. In result, average of cognitive competency improved from 1.80 to 3.96, physical competency from 1.86 points to 4.06 points and social competency from 2.30 points to 4.40 points after 15 weeks course. We found that effect of indoor gardening instructional design on job competency improvement. The next step is the establishment of instruction guidelines for indoor garden assistant manager or all kind of assistant job as university students with disabilities.

Boon-Joo Park. 2017. Analysis of Oral Reading Miscue in EFL University Students’ L1 and L2 reading. Studies in Modern Grammar 96, 213-233. Readers tend to make errors or mistakes regarding grammar, meaning, or pronunciation through the interaction between readers and text during the reading process. However, those errors or mistakes need to be considered as positive aspects as, miscues, Ken Goodman (1977) coined instead of mistakes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of miscue analysis for developing students’ reading strategy during the reading process both in Korean and in English. Sixteen university students who are learning English as a second language participated. The results showed a very significant difference of the miscue aspects between L1 reading and L2 reading. The participants tend to focus more on semantic cues during L1 reading than the process during the L2 reading whereas they tend to use more graphic and syntactic cues.

목적: 정서적 자기효능감 척도의 요인구조 확인 및 타당성을 검증하고, 대학생의 스포츠 참여와의 관계를 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법: 연구대상은 대학생 639명이었으며, Kirk 등(2008)이 개발한 정서적 자기효능감 척도가 번안되었다. 문항의 타당성을 확보하기 위해 Rasch 모형을 적용하여 부적합 문항을 제거하였다. SPSS 무작위 표본추출 기능을 이용하여 여러 번의 탐색적 요인분석을 실시함으로써 선행연구와 이론적 근거에 기초한 요인구조를 얻는 새로운 방법을 시도하였다. 이 요인구조를 사용하여 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과: 한국판 정서적 자기효능감(ESES-K)은 4요인 19문항: ①자신의 정서관리 4문항, ②타인의 정서 이해 7문항, ③자신의 정서이해 4문항, ④타인의 정서다루기 4문항으로 구성되어있다. 정서적 자기효능감이 모든 요인에서 남학생이 여학생보다 높았고, 스포츠 참여집단이 비참여 집단보다 높았으나, 성별 집단에서 타인의 정서다루기 요인만 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결론: ESES-K는 대학생의 정서적 자기효능감을 타당성 있게 측정할 수 있는 척도이며, 대학생의 스포츠 참여가 정서적 자기효능감을 향상시킬 수 있는 하나의 방안으로 제시되었다.

본 연구의 목적은 급진적인 다문화사회로의 변화로 인한 중학생, 고등학생, 대학생간의 다문화적 태도와 다문화교육인식의 차이를 살펴보고, 다문화교육이 중학생, 고등학생, 대학생의 다문화적 태 도와 다문화교육인식에 어느 정도 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보는 것이다. 본 연구를 위하여 다문화적 태도 관련 12문항과 다문화교육인식 관련 11문항으로 구성된 설문지를 원주시에 소재하고 있는 중학교, 고등학교, 대학교 학생들을 대상으로 2016년 12월부터 2017년 1월까지 설문을 실시하였다. 설문지 중에서 중학생 183명, 고등학생 249명, 그리고 대학생 221명, 전체 653개의 설문지가 회수되어 분석에 사용되었다. 중학생, 고등학생 그리고 대학생간의 차이를 분석하기 위하여 SPSS 23의 One-way ANOVA를 실시하였고, 다문화교육의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 편상상관관계분석을 실시 하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다문화적 태도의 하위영역 중, ‘열린 자세’와 ‘관계존중’에서 중학생, 고등학생, 대학생간에 유의미한 결과가 나타났으며 중학생, 고등학생, 대학생의 순서로 평균 값이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 다문화교육이 중학생과 고등학생들의 다문화적 태도에 한정적으로 영향 을 미쳤지만 대학생에게는 전반적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 다문화교육의 하위영역 중, ‘다문화교육 의 필요성 인식’, ‘다문화교육의 필요성’, ‘다문화교육의 목표 인식’, ‘다문화의 이해’, ‘세계화 인식’ 등에서 중학생, 고등학생, 대학생 간에 유의미한 결과가 나타났다. 넷째, 다문화교육이 중학생의 다문화교육인식에는 영향을 미치지 못하였고, 고등학생의 다문화인식에는 일부분만 영향을 미쳤다. 그렇지만 다문화교육이 대학생의 다문화교육인식에는 전반적으로 영향을 미쳤다.

The Purpose of this study was to develop integrate education program and method for college students, We run English education program and Farming activities half and half; such as endangered plant surveys, gardening, mulching, visiting university attached farm, and local tourism farm for 4 weeks. The results of this study are as follows: First, Agro-entrepreneurial intention is more likely to be found in the English & Farming activity participants, and Male students than English&culture activity participants, and female students respectively. In the context of the effectiveness of the English Learning Program, students with poor English learning usefulness have strong desire to build up their own business, whereas those with higher English learning suitability are more likely to have a strong desire to start farming. In terms of entrepreneurship, the tendency toward entrepreneurship, risk sensitivity. and in terms of self – efficacy, The bigger the confidence, the greater the will to start an agricultural business. The results supported that The English education program with farming activities has a significant and positive influence on Agro-entrepreneurial intention in college students.

최근 대학생 및 청년의 게임 및 인터넷 과몰입에 대한 문제가 사회적으로 대두되면서 청소년 뿐만 아니라 대학생 또는 성인들 또한 많은 문 제가 되고 있다. 그중 비교적 스스로 시간을 분배하고 혼자만의 시간이 많은 대학생 또는 20대 초중반의 성인들을 대상자로 정하여 게임 및 인터넷 과몰입에 대한 문제를 원예치료 프로그램을 통해 개선점과 선호도 및 기대효과를 알아보기 위함이다. 게임 및 인터넷 과몰입 대상 자 선별은 1곳의 pc방 사용시간이 100시간 이상인 대상자로 한국정보화진흥원(스마트 쉼센터)에서 배포한 인터넷중독진단(성인대상) 척 도를 사용하여 15문항 기준 43점 이상으로 잠재적 위험 사용자군에 해당하는 대학생 또는 청년들 총 남녀 14명을 선별 후 실험군 7명, 대조 군 7명으로 원예치료 프로그램을 실시하였다. 실험군은 총 주 1회씩 13회기 약 3 개월 정도 원예치료 프로그램 실행 후 사전 과 사후에 동일 한 총 6개의 측정도구를 사용하였고, 대조군은 1회기가 시작될 때 6개 측정도구를 실시하였고 3개월 후 13회기 진행할 때 동일한 측정도구 를 통해 실시하였다. 위와 같이 프로그램을 진행한 실험군과 그렇지 않은 대조군의 차이를 관찰 했으며 그 결과 3개월 후 게임 및 인터넷 과 몰입의 정도가 원예치료 프로그램을 진행한 실험군이 그렇지 않은 대조군의 비하여 효과적이었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과에 따 라 대학생 및 청년의 게임 및 인터넷 과몰입 대상자가 원예치료를 통해 긍정적인 영향을 얻는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 명확 하고 객관적인 근거를 기반으로 대상자를 선별하기에 부족함이 있었으며 조금 더 객관적인 근거를 기반으로 대상자를 선별할 수 있는 방법 을 통해 추가적으로 연구되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

MBTI 성격 유형은 총 16가지 성격 유형으로 사람들의 성격 유형을 구분하며, 세부적으로는 각각의 분류를 나누어 사람들의 성격을 설명 하는 도구로 사용되고 있다. 이중 사람들의 심리기능을 나누는 기준으로 MBTI 검사에서 인식과 판단의 심리 방향성을 이용하여 4가지 심 리유형으로 나누고 있다. 원예활동은 식물을 재배하는 활동에서부터 식물을 이용하여 다양한 공예품을 만드는 활동, 실내에서 하는 활동, 실외에서 하는 활동 등 여러 가지 분류로 나뉘어진다(). Jeong(2012)은 이러한 원예에 대한 선호를 MBTI 성격 유형에 따라 분석하기도 하 였다. 이에 본 연구는 대학생들에게 Choi(2003)가 분류한 원예활동 중 7가지 분류를 기준으로 각 분류별로 4가지 활동을 선정하여 선호도 를 조사하여 학습스타일과 관계가 깊은 심리기능에 따른 선호도차이와 IPA분석을 실시하였다. 설문대상자는 총 223명으로 심리기능별로 는 ST유형(실질적이고 사실적인 유형)이 76명, SF유형(동정적이고 우호적인 유형)이 95명, NT유형(논리적이고 창의적인 유형)이 23명, NF유형(열정적이고 통찰적인 유형)이 29명으로 조사되었다. 심리기능별 유의적인 차이가 있는 원예치료 활동으로는 꽃꽂이, 실내화단꾸 미기, 화분옮겨심기, 허브정원조성, 허브 양초/비누 만들기, 잔디인형 만들기, 함께 나누기 공동작업, 근처 공원으로 소풍, 허브식빵 만들기, 식용 꽃 까나페 만들기였다. 심리기능별 선호하는 활동으로는 ST유형은 정원 산책, 근처 공원으로 소풍, 허브 차 마시기 순으로 나타났고, SF유형은 근처 공원으로 소풍, 정원 산책, 허브 양초/비누 만들기 순위, NT유형은 꽃꽂이, 실내 화단 꾸미기, 옥상텃밭 만들기 순위, NF유 형은 근처 공원으로 소풍, 허브 차 마시기, 정원 산책 순이었다. 연구 결과와 같이 다양한 원예활동이 있지만 심리기능별 선호하는 원예활동 은 조금씩 차이가 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이에 따라 원예활동을 실시할 때 대상자들의 특성에 맞춘 원예활동을 설계한다면 원예치료 프로그램의 효과가 증진될 것이라 사료된다.

The study was conducted to understand the relationship among university students’ interest in horticulture, psychological well-being and social development and the influence of measured variables. In order to collect data, the surveys were executed by convenience sampling on university students attending four-year universities in Daegu and Gyeongbuk regions of South Korea during the period from July 3 to July 17, 2016. A total of 307 survey results which measured the university students’ interest in horticulture, psychological well-being and social development were analyzed. The results showed that there are differences in the interest in horticulture, psychological well-being, and social development depending on the students’ general characteristics. According to the results analyzed by t-test and one-way ANOVA, the interest in horticulture depending on gender, religion, academic marks, family life satisfaction and school life satisfaction had significant differences showing high interest for the students with religion, good academic marks, high family life satisfaction and school life satisfaction as well as female students. Psychological well-being showed significant differences in academic marks, family life satisfaction and school life satisfaction, while social development displayed significant differences in gender, grade, academic marks, family life satisfaction and school life satisfaction. According to the results analyzed by correlation analysis, there was a significant correlation among university students’ interest in horticulture, psychological well-being and sociality development. Furthermore, regression analysis verified that university students’ interest in horticulture has a positive influence on psychological well-being and social development. The results of this study implies that university students with a higher interest in horticulture have higher levels of psychological well-being and social development.

This study aimed to design for curriculum and criteria for education model of the horticulture rehabilitation assistant for disability university students. In this study, a DACUM (Development A curriculum) method job analysis such as task range, eligibility, core competency, index of capacity, etc. was done by an job analysis committee composed of 12 specialists in the industry and academia. The first step, this report presents task analysis models by procedures for disability university student. The second step is preparation for task analysis by data research, interviews and selection of experts. The third step is the establishment of core competency by the expert council and site study. The fourth step is the drawn-out of index of capacity by the expert council and site study. The fourth step is the selection of curriculum and non curriculum subject, The last step is the establishment of guidelines for horticulture rehabilitation assistant.

The present study attempted to investigate any changes in a group of Korean undergraduate EFL students' perceptions on L2-L2 communication. Email exchanges with two different EFL groups were carried out. Chinese and Turkish EFL students were recruited for a Freshmen English course at a university located in South Korea. The students' initial, as well as post-study, perspectives on L2-L2 email exchanges, students' email messages, and their paragraph writing samples were collected for analysis. The major findings of the present study were the positive changes in the participants' perspectives on L2-L2 communication and their awareness of the need for more authentic L2-L2 communication opportunities in L2 learning. Also, L2-L2 email exchanges coupled with contextualized grammar lessons using participants' own email messages were particularly found useful, and the analysis of two selected participants’ paragraph samples showed improvement in their L2 writing. Suggestions for future research were also provided.

The present study was performed to investigate the psychological effects of spring flowers blossoms, which is one of the elements influencing to human psychology, in order to provide scientific evidence on the psychological benefits of green plants. A self-reporting survey was conducted by using self reporting questionnaires on the impression (semantic differential method: SD method) and mood states (profile of mood states: POMS) of eighty university students in their twenties. Korean forsythia, Korean rosebay, Japanese apricot, Cherry blossom, and Magnolia were chosen as spring flowers. The results of impression evaluation and mood states changes showed that spring flower blossom had beautiful, soft, warm, moist, familiar and full impressions, and changed our mood positively by reducing depression and anger, or by increasing vigor. In addition, different psychological effects can be differently observed depending on the species; for example, Cherry blossom had a greater effect in changing the impression and feeling than others. The findings would provide support toward the active usage in green space as well as its design maximizing the psychological effects of nature.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to measure the characteristics of the perceived quality of college students of 20s which is the main customers of whitening, and to investigate the customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions according to the perceived quality of whitening. Research design, data and methodology – The interviewers in the research are 300 college students in Seoul and the metropolitan area. They were collected from October 1 to October 24, 2013. 283 of collected questionnaires were used for the analysis. The analysis in the general characteristics of the subjects was analyzed by frequency analysis. With five-dimensional factor analysis, the perceived quality through reliability analysis was investigated and verified. Results – The results from analysis of the standardized coefficient Beta value were performance(0.382), brand (0.339), and price (0.318) as a high level. On the other hand, services(0.172) and design factors (0.162) were relatively low. Conclusion – Looking for these results, this study could reach the notion that a lot of consumers with whitening cosmetics highly recognized brand, performance, and price factors, but the service and design factors were relatively recognized low in customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions.

세계화 추세에 발맞춰 국내에도 외국인 유학생들의 수가 급속도로 늘어나고 있다. 그러나 외국인 유학생들을 대상으로 한 다양한 연구는 아직 미흡한 현황이며 특히 이들 유학생들이 실생활의 대다 수 시간을 보내는 대학생활원에서의 생활 및 적응에 관련된 연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연 구는 질적 연구방법을 사용하여 외국인 유학생들의 실제 대학생활원에서의 생활방식을 유학생들의 직접적인 목소리를 통해 들어보고, 이들 유학생들이 대학생활원의 시스템을 어떻게 이용하고, 어떻 게 적응하며, 어떤 부분에서 한계점을 느끼는지 파악해 보고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 외국인 유학생들 은 경제적인 효율성과 지리적 위치와 생활의 편의를 대학생활원의 장점으로 손꼽았고 엄격한 규율 과 의사소통의 문제, 대학생활원생들을 위한 서비스의 미흡 문제, 급식관련 문제, 그리고 문화적 차 이를 그 한계점으로 지적하고 있었다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위해서는 먼저 다양한 문화권의 학 생들이 거주하는 생활원으로서의 대학생활원에 대한 인식의 변화가 먼저 우선되어야 할 것으로 지 적되었으며 세부적으로는 대학생활원의 경비원 이외에도 외국인 유학생들과 의사소통이 가능한 대 학생활원 안내 직원의 상주가 시급한 것으로 제시되었다. 또한 현존하는 대학생활원내의 외국인 조 교제도를 보다 실용적인 방향으로 활용해야할 필요성도 제기되었다. 이러한 개선점들을 통해 현지 대학생활원에서 생활하고 있는 외국인 유학생들의 삶의 질 상승은 물론, 향후 유학생의 급속한 증가 와 함께 더 크게 야기될 수 있는 문제들을 해결할 수 있는 역량을 키울 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the mediating effect of perceived stress in the relation between coping skills and psychological well-being, and to test the structural model invariance across groups in university dance settings. Methods: To investigate the proposed paths structural equation modeling was used in a sample of 535 female university dance students (Mage=20.07±1.45). Results: Structural equation modeling indicated that problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance skills were predicted by students' perceptions of stress. In turn, problem- and emotion-focused skills also predicted psychological well-being. Mediation analyses partially supported the roles of coping skills. Structural weights in the model were variant across dance careers. Conclusion: The findings suggest that coping skills may help to reduce psychological distress and increase psychological well-being in university dance students. Specifically, problem- and emotion-focused skills are associated with positive scores for psychological well- being.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of athletic identity in the relationship between self-determined motivation and exercise physical activity among university students. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 461 university students (325 males, 136 females) completed a survey assessing behavioral regulation of exercise, athletic identity, and physical activity levels. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that relative autonomy index and athletic identity constructs explained 26.4% of the variance in physical activity. Relative autonomy index was a significant predictor of athletic identity and physical activity. Relative autonomy index had a significant indirect effect on university students' physical actvity through importance among the athletic identity constructs. Conclusion: Relative autonomy index or self-determination index and athletic identity may be key sources of exercise and physical activity participation in university students. Especially, importance as one of athletic identity components accounts for additional variance in physical activity participation. This construct can be valuable component of exercise promotion programs for this population.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the demotivating factors of students attending a university located in a local area in Korea. The interviews with 17 students who are in three different proficiency groups reveal 8 demotivating factors: 'learning difficulty', 'exam-oriented class', 'low test scores', 'low confidence', 'memorization', 'learning material', 'teacher', and 'grammar translation method'. The main demotivating factor is 'learning difficulty'. Half of the students who mentioned this state that they experienced the learning difficulty when they advanced to middle school from elementary school. The majority of other demotivating factors are closely related to the Korean education system under which both teachers and students do not have much autonomy. The 'teacher' factor which was identified as the main demotivating factor in other studies conducted in western countries is not the main demotivator in this paper. In the distribution of demotivating factors, there do not exist any big differences among the different proficiency groups but it is shown that the low proficiency students experienced demotivation earlier than the higher proficiency students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating roles of emotions in the relationship between mindfulness and mental health among dance students. Methods: Participants were 683 university dance students (73 males, 610 females). One-way MANOVA, structural equation modeling, and multi-group analysis were conducted for the data. Results: Results of MANOVA showed that there was no differences in the level of mindfulness across dance types, but students with high in dance career was higher in attention and acceptance traits than those with low career. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that the fit of the alternative model influencing mindfulness on students' mental health through emotions was more adequate than a theoretical model. That is, dance students' positive and negative emotions partially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and mental health. The results of multi-group analysis showed that each of the direct effects in the model was invariant across dance careers. Conclusion: These findings imply that dance students' abilities being aware of experiences at present, orienting its acceptable attitude, and regulating their attention are important to enhance their mental health, especially decreasing the impact of negative experiences on it.