Adipogenesis is a primary energy valancing response in physiological status and critical in embryo development. One of the essential factors for initiation and maintaining of adipogenesis is the composition of extracellular matrix. Previously, we confirmed the effects of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), an extract of Ishige okamurae, on the antiobesity effects and ECM stability in adipose tissue. In vitro model for adipogenesis study, 3T3-L1, a precursor cell type of adipocyte, and the adipose-tissue derived stem cell (ADSC) can be used. Usually the induction period for adipocyte is shorter in 3T3-L1 than in ADSCs. However, so far, the difference of the expression patterns of ECM components in 3T3-L1 and ADSCs, and the effects of DPHC are not much known. We induced differentiation of 3T3-L1 and ADSCs into adipocyte with or without DPHC (0, 0.4, 2, 10, 50 μg/mL) and confirmed the adipogenesis with adipogenic markers (PPAR-γ, LDL). After then, the levels of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (Col1a1), collagen type 3 alpha 1 (Col3a1), collagen type 4 (Col4), collagen type 6 (Col6), Elastin (Eln) and microfibrillar associated protein 5 (Mfap5) were analyzed with real-time RT-PCR. During early adipogenesis of ADSC, the expression levels of Col1, Col3, Col6, and Mfap5 mRNA were decreased but Col4 and Eln mRNA were increased. In the matured adipocyte, the expression levels of Col1, Col3, Col4, Mfap5 mRNA were decreased but not Eln. In the case of early differentiation of 3T3-L1, the expression levels of Col1, Col3, Eln mRNA were decreased but the expression levels of Col6 and Mfap5 were increased. In matured adipocyte of 3T3-L1, the expression levels of Col1, Col3, Eln, Mfap5 mRNA were increase but the expression level of Col6 mRNA was decreased. The expression levels of Col4, Eln mRNA were suppressed by 50 mg/mL DPHC treatment during early adipogenic period of ADSC. On the other hand in 3T3-L1, the expression levels of Col3 and Col6 mRNA were not changed by the DPHC treatment during early induction period. In the matured adipocytes derived from ADSC, Col1 mRNA levels was not decreased by the treatment of 50 mg/mL DPHC. Col4 mRNA levels was not increased by DPHC treatment. In the case of matured adipocytes derived from 3T3-L1, DPHC suppressed the increase of Col1, Col3, Col6 mRNA expression and the expression of Col4 and Eln mRNA was decreased. In summary, these data show that expression levels of each ECM component types are dramatically changed with some common patterns in two cell types, and the treatment of DPHC can modify the expression patterns of some ECM components in each cell types. It is suggested that one of the reason of antiadipogenic effect of DPHC may be the ECM modification.

This research developed the fiber pullout impact test machine to investigate interfacial bond strength between fiber and cement based matrix under high velocity. To achieve the goal, firstly the existing pullout test machines were investigated. And then, these drawback were comprehended. Finally, Fiber pullout impact test machine base on strain energy frame impact machine was proposed.

This study presents the results of experimental research to investigate the drying shrinkage properties of mortar containing the fly-ash and glycol-ether shrinkage reducing agent. the drying shrinkage of mortar was measured according to KS F 2424. It was confirmed from test results that 10% fly-ash replacement and 1% shrinkage reducing agent is most effective to decrease the shrinkage of mortar

In this study, the risk matrix method was applied to reduce the number of post-tension survey in maintenance. The risk matrix weights and evaluation indexes were studied according to the maintenance system.

건조한 아선약을 80% 메탄올로 침지 추출하여 얻어진 추출물에 대해 Diaion HP-20 수지를 충진제로 사용한 칼럼크로마토그래피를 수해하여 6종의 용리액을 얻었으며, 얻어진 추출물에 대하여 MMP-1 저해 및 type-1 procollagen 합성 촉진 활성을 평가하였다. 먼저 MMP-1 저해활성은 총페놀성 화합물의 함량이 상대적으로 높은 40% 메탄올 용리액에서 IC50값이 15.6±1.3 μg/mL으로 positive control로 녹차의 주름개선 성분인 (-)-EGCG의 IC50값인 38.4±2.3 μg/mL 보다 우수한 활성이었다. 또한 type-1 procollagen 합성 촉진 활성은 총페놀성 화합물 함량이 가장 높은 40% 메탄올 용리액에서 우수한 EC50값이 6.9±0.7 μg/mL을 나타내었으며, 양성대조구인 (-)-EGCG의 효능과 동등한 활성이었다. 본 실험에 사용된 아선약 시료의 경우 다양한 화합물이 공존하는 추출물 및 용리액 상태이며 이들 시료에 우수한 효능의 성분의 존재 및 추출물에 존재하는 화합물의 우수한 상승효과의 가능성을 시사하였다. 향후 각종 칼럼크로마토 그래피를 활용한 이들 주름개선 효능 관련 물질의 분리를 통한 활성물질의 구조 결정 및 활성 기작에 대한 연구를 수행할 예정이며, 본 연구결과는 천연물 유래의 우수한 MMP-1 저해 및 type-1 procollagen 합성 촉진 활성을 가지는 새로운 천연 소재 발굴을 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

This research developed the fiber pullout impact test machine to investigate interfacial bond strength between fiber and cement based matrix under high velocity. To achieve the goal, firstly the existing pullout test machines were investigated. And then, these drawback were comprehended. Finally, Fiber pullout impact test machine base on strain energy frame impact machine was proposed.

This study presents the results of experimental research to investigate the drying shrinkage properties of mortar containing the fly-ash and glycol-ether shrinkage reducing agent. the drying shrinkage of mortar was measured according to KS F 2424. It was confirmed from test results that 10% fly-ash replacement and 1% shrinkage reducing agent is most effective to decrease the shrinkage of mortar.

In this study, the risk matrix method was applied to reduce the number of post-tension survey in maintenance. The risk matrix weights and evaluation indexes were studied according to the maintenance system.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation of internal factors and to build a foundation for SWOT Matrix strategy of horticulture therapy in the domestic. 438 master’s and doctorate degree dissertations on horticultural therapy from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed with years, school groups, degree classifications and regional groups. Master’s and doctorate degree dissertations published 438 studies in 1998 (1), 2002 (13), 2007 (32), and 2012 (44) have increased continuously. Among all the 211 Korean schools, 82 published dissertations related to horticultural therapy. The schools that have published more than 10 theses are as follows. Konkuk university has published the most 67 theses. The dissertations were followed by Korea univ. (50), Dankook univ. (44), Catholic univ. of Daegu (40), Seoul national univ of education (21), univ. of seoul (15), Mokpo national univ. (12), Jeju national univ. (11), Chungnam univ. (11), Daegu univ. (10), Chosun univ. (10). In the frequency analysis of academic degree types related to 438 theses, agricultural science (39.3%) accounted for the largest percentage. The next was followed by natural science (17.6%), education (16%), social welfare (8.4%), health science (5.7%), art plastic (2.3%), literature (2.1%), special education (2.1%), engineering (1.8%), science of nursing (1.1%), design (1.7%), theology (0.7%), psychology (0.7%), natural therapy (0.7%), etc (0.9%). According to the frequency analysis of regions where 438 dissertations were published in 15 cities/provinces in South Korea except Ulsan city. The results of this study confirmed that horticultural therapy satisfied the internal environment to become a field of complementary and alternative medicine.

A new algorithm for determining optimal accelerometer locations is proposed by using a frequency-domain Hankel matrix which is much simpler to construct than a time-domain Hankel matrix. The algorithm was examined through simulation studies by comparing the outcomes with those from other available methods. To compare and analyze the results from different methods, a dynamic analysis was carried out under seismic excitation and acceleration data were obtained at the selected optimal sensor locations. Vibrational amplitudes at the selected sensor locations were determined and those of all the other degrees of freedom were determined by using a spline function. MAC index of each method was calculated and compared to look at which method could determine more effective locations of accelerometers. The proposed frequency-domain Hankel matrix could determine reasonable selection of accelerometer locations compared with the others.

This research investigated the effects of matrix strength on the direct tensile behavior of high performance hybrid fiber reinforced cementitious composites (HPHFRCCs) at high strain rates. 3 different type matrixes were used (56 MPa, 81 MPa and 180 MPa). And macro fiber was long hooked fiber (H, =0.3 mm,=30 mm) and micro fiber was short smooth fiber (S, =0.2 mm,  =13 mm). The volume content of macro fibers was 1.0% and the volume content of micro fibers was 1.0%. The high matrix strength clearly increased the tensile strength and peak toughness of HPHFRCCs even at high strain rates (74 ~ 161 /sec).

This experiment was carried out to enhance plantlet conversion and ex vitro survival of encapsulated somatic embryos of Siberian ginseng. Cotyledonary somatic embryos were encapsulated with 3.0% sodium alginate and 96% of conversion rate in terms of plantlet with well-developed epicotyl marked when the encapsulated embryos were placed on perlite soils wetted with sucrose solution as for carbon source. However, post-germinative growth of encapsulated embryos was suppressed in case of sucrose did not added. Instead of sucrose alone, the addition of both sucrose and starch to the sodium alginate enhanced the post-germinative growth of the embryos. In sodium alginate matrix with 2% sucrose, the survival rate of the encapsulated embryos was more than twice (23.5%) that of ones without sucrose (10.0%). Embryos encapsulated with both 2% sucrose and 1% starch showed the highest percentage (42.1%) of survival rate was shown. In analysis of Iodine staining and starch content in the sodium alginate matrix, the starch component was decomposed when the embryos started to germinte. This result indicated that the carbohydrate treatments (starch and sucrose) in the encapsulation matrix enhanced the survival rate of post-germinative growth of encapsulated embryos in Siberian ginseng.

To have a rational maintenance Measures in masonry tunnel, the interaction matrix in PISD is adapted. Opinions from 22 experts in tunnel are applied to estimate the weight factor in risk analysis. 11 causes of masonry tunnel are evaluated for 163 sheets accounting for the limited budget and priority in risk.

자외선은 피부 광노화의 주요 요인이며, 효과적인 자외선 차단제가 피부의 건강과 아름다움을 위해 필요하다. 본 연구는 세포 실험을 통하여 자외선에 의해 유도된 세포 사멸, 산화적 스트레스, matrix metalloproteinase 1 발현에 미치는 죽여추출물의 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. HaCaT 인간 각질세포를 여러 농도의 죽여추출물 유무 조건에서 자외선을 조사하고 세포의 생존율과 생화학적 과정들의 변화를 분석하였다. 죽여추출물은 자외선을 조사한 세포의 생존율을 증진시켰고, procaspase 3가 활성화 형태로 절단되고, Bax/Bcl-2 비율이 증가하는 세포 자살 과정을 완화시켰다. 죽여추출물은 자외선에 노출된 세포에서 활성산소의 발생과 지질 과산화도 감소시켰다. 또한 죽여추출물은 자외선에 의해 자극된 matrix metalloproteinase 1의 발현과 c-Jun N-terminal kinase의 인산화를 억제하였다. 본 연구는 죽여추출물이 자외선에 의한 세포 사멸, 산화적 스트레스, 그리고 matrix metalloproteinase 1 발현을 억제함을 보여 주었으며, 이 추출물이 피부 광노화의 일부 현상을 억제하는 화장품 원료로 유용함을 시사하였다.

최근 이상기후 및 도시화로 인한 홍수가 빈번히 발생하고 있으며, 도시의 홍수피해는 대부분 우수관망의 통수능 부족으로 인한 내수 침수로 분석되고 있다. 또한, 홍수로 인한 인명 및 재산피해를 줄이기 위해서는 정확한 강우-유출 해석이 이루어져야 하지만, 강우-유출 해석시 사용되는 매개변수의 정확한 입력값 및 모형에서의 불확실성을 내포하고 있어 정확한 해석을 하는데 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구 에서는 강우-유출 모형 및 빗물 펌프장 관련 불확실성 매개변수를 선정하였다. 또한, 주요 매개변수를 선정하기 위해 Pedigree matrix를 이용하였으나, 데이터 품질 평가시 어려움이 있어 본 연구에 맞게 Pedigree matrix를 수정하여 제안하였다. 본 연구에서는 불확실성 매개변수를 선정하기 위해 기존 문헌 등을 참고하여 선정하였다. 선정 결과, 모형에서의 불확실성 매개변수는 총 6개(유역폭, 불투수면적비율, 불투수유역의 조도계수, 투수 및 불투수유역의 조도계수, CN, 관 조도계수)이며, 빗물펌프장 관련 불확실성 매개변수는 펌프장 운영자료 4개(내수위, 외수위, 펌프 토출량, 강우량)로 선정하였다. 또한, 선정된 불확실성 매개변수의 정량적 평가를 위해 불확실성 산정 지수 공식 및 수정된 Pedigree matrix를 이용하여 주요 매개변수를 선정하였다. Heijungs (1996)가 제안한 사분면을 이용하였으며, 불확실성 지수 및 Pedigree matrix의 DQI를 이용하여 사분면으로 구분한 결과 1분면에 위치한 매개변수는 유역폭, 투수 및 불투수유역의 조도계수로 가장 불확실성 요소가 크게 나타났다. 불확실성이 높은 매개변수를 측정시 보다 정밀한 매개변수 측정이 필요하며, 강우-유출 해석 및 빗물펌프장 운영자료 검토시 주요 우선 매개변수 선정에 도움을 주리라 판단된다.

콘크리트의 배합에 있어서 포졸란 물질의 사용은 수화된 시멘트내의 칼슘 실리케이트 수화물을 증가시키고 미세 공극을 채워줌으로써 콘크리트의 투수성을 감소시킨다. 또한 콘크리트 내의 전체 염기량을 낮추어 알카리 골재반응에 의한 균열의 방지에도 효과가 있다. 본 연구에서는 포졸란 물질 중 반응성이 가장 우수한 나노실리카를 사용한 콘크리트 시멘트의 미세구조를 나노압입을 이용하여 분석할 것이다. 물질 표면의 경도를 측정하여 물질의 강도 및 강성을 파악하는 방법은 금속에 대하여 100여년간 수행되어 왔다. 콘크리트의 강도를 파악하는데 있어서도 슈미트 햄머를 이용하여 콘크리트의 표면경도를 측정하고 강도와 연관 짓는 방법이 널리 사용되고 있다. 나노압입 실험은 이러한 이론적인 배경을 바탕으로 나노 스케일의 압입 시험기를 사용하여 시멘트 페이스트를 구성하고 있는 미세구조의 기계적 특성을 파악하는 방법이다. 향후 콘크리트의 동결융해 실험, 알카리 골재 반응, 프리스트레스 강선과의 접착력 실험과 연계하여 균열에 대한 높은 내구성을 요구하는 콘크리트의 제작에 최적화된 나노실리카의 배합비를 산출하기 위한 기초연구로 사용될 것이다.

This is an experimental study on manufacturing of non-cement matrix. Materials like cement and blowing agent in foamed concrete is replaced by by-products from blast furnace slag and paper ash. Sample Plain with density showed lowest. The compressive strength test result, showed a similar trend with density. And it showed that compressive strength of the 4:6 was highest.

이 연구는 컨설팅장학 활성화를 위한 세종특별자치시교육청의 역할에 관심을 갖고 컨설턴트와 의뢰인이 인식하는 교육청 역할에 대한 중요도와 실행도의 차이를 바탕으로 개선해야 할 역할은 무엇인지를 모색하는 데 목적을 두었다. 조사대상은 세종특별자치시교육청 관내 컨설턴트와 의뢰인이며, 컨설턴트 25명과 의뢰인 40명의 자료를 IPA 분석기법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 컨설턴트와 의뢰인 모두는 현재 세종특별자치시교육청이 컨설팅장학을 실행하는 데 있어서 컨설턴트와 의뢰인에게 지원영역은 잘하고 있는 것으로 인식하고 있으므로, 이에 대한 노력을 컨설팅장학 시스템 구축으로 전환시키는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 컨설팅장학 시스템 구축에 관한 항목 중에서도 컨설턴트와 의뢰인 모두가 중요도에 비해 실행도가 가장 떨어진다고 인식하고 있는 ‘같은 학교에 근무하는 컨설턴트에게 컨설팅장학을 요청할 수 있는 시스템’을 가장 우선적으로 개선하는 방안을 마련해야 한다. 셋째, 의뢰인에 대한 IPA 분석결과를 통해 컨설턴트에게 양적으로 제공되는 연수만으로는 컨설턴트의 전문성이 의뢰인에게 신뢰를 심어주지 못한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

This is an experimental study on manufacturing of non-cement matrix. Materials like cement and blowing agent in foamed concrete is replaced by by-products from blast furnace slag and paper ash. Further, the experiment was performed by replacing alkali with natural gypsum by (0, 5, 15, 20, 25, 35, 45) of weight of alkali (wt.%) in order to reduce the amount of expensive alkali activator. Sample NG-0.15 with density showed lowest. After this point, density increases as replacement ratio increases. The compressive strength test result, showed a similar trend with density. And it showed that compressive strength of the NG-0.45 was highest.