본 연구에서는 한우 체외수정란의 이식에 있어서 수정란 측 요인들이 수란우의 임신과 유산에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 이식에 제공하는 배반포의 수량에 따른 임신율은 1개, 2개 및 3개 이식 군에서 각각 32, 44 및 였고, 유산율은 로서 2개 이식군의 임신율과 유산율이 가장 높았으나 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 배반포 등급에 따른 임신율은 , 유산율은 로서 유사한 경향이었다. 배반포의 발생 단계에 따른 임신율은 로서 비슷하였으나, 유산율은 HB군이 LB

본 연구는 임상 조건하에서 수정란이식의 효율성 증대를 위하여 수란우 측면의 산차, 체점수(BCS), 발정 발현과 유도, 황체 형태, 자궁 크기 및 자궁각 위치가 체외수정란이 이식된 수란우의 임신과 유산에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 미경산우의 임신율이 경산우에 비하여 유의하게 높았으나, 유산율은 유사한 경향이었다. BCS에 따른 임신율은 차이가 없었으나 유산율은 BCS 3.0 미만군이 군 에 비하여 유의하게 높았다. 수란우의 발정 발현과 유도 방법, 황체

본 연구는 임상 조건하에서 수정란이식의 효율성 증대를 위하여 이식 시술자 측면의 숙련도, 난이도, 소요시간, 주입 위치, 자궁의 출혈 및 위치 조절이 체외수정란이 이식된 수란우의 임신과 유산에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 임신율은 숙련된 시술자, 자궁각 2/3 지점에 이식 및 위치 조절군이 유의하게 높은 경향이었으나, 이식 난이도, 소요시간 및 출혈에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 한편 시술자 측의 요인에 따른 유산율은 유사한 경향이었다.

본 연구는 체내, 체외 및 복제를 통하여 각각 생산된 배반포를 이식하여, 수란우의 수태율, 임신기간 및 유산율과 더불어 송아지의 생시 체중과 이후 생존율을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 수태 을은 체내수정란이 56.3%로서 복제 수정란의 19.4%에 비하여 유의하게 높았으나 (p<0.05), 체외수정란의 30.0%와는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다 유산율과 임신기간은 처리군 간에 유사한 경향이었다(유산을 0, 22.2 및 16.7%; 임신기간 278.8, 289.4

한우 태아 섬유아세포 유래 체세포복제수정란 이식으로 임신된 수란우가 분만예정일이 도래하였으나 분만징후가 없어 수정란이식 후 272일째에 dexamethasone 20 mg을 근육주사하고 24시간후 PG 25 mg과 estradiol 20 mg을 근육주사하여 분만유도를 실시하였다. dexamethasone 투여후 48시간만 분만징후를 나타내었으며, dexamethasone 투여후 50시간째에 40 kg의 수송아지를 견인에 의해 정상적으로 분만시켰다. 그러

The Introduction of the Criminal Treatment System such as the Community Service Order, can minimize the possibility of a second conviction by Criminals. The Community Service Order gives Criminals a chance to receive various treatment services, while living in the open society. The Community Service Order System is a meaningful method in the Criminal Policy because of its several social advantages; 1) It enables the government to save the budget by isolating Criminals from the society. 2) It protects less serious offenders from learning new skills for the new crimes from old offenders in the correctional institution by being held together at one place. Many nations have adopted this Community Service Order system and it became effective in their society. It is one of the most effective systems for correcting criminals. In Korea, this system has been evaluated as a revolutional system demonstrating the good results after being introduced in the amended Criminal Law on January 1st, 1997. However, this Community Service Order system needs to be supplemented byh the following points in order to serve society as a better correctional method for the Criminals. First, we should establish the purpose and the philosophy for enforcing the Community Service Order to Criminals. Second, we should educate and train the professional manpowers, such as probation officers, to polish and enforce this system. Third, we should not only make very clear and restricted punishments for the Criminals violating the Community Service Order, but also give a consideration to them for performing it positively. Finally, we should make it into a law to perform the Community Service Order within a certain period of time after receiving the order from the court, and the probation office should develop various Community Service Order programs to give criminals more chances to participate in these programs positively. Through these opportunities, we are able to make Criminals feel like a member of Society who should obey the law and public morals, and to assist them returning back to society as normal, not Criminal, with this Community Service Order system.

In den letzten Jahren mehren sich in Korea die Bericht, in denen Jugendkriminalitat und Jugendstrafgefangene als erhebliche soziale Probleme empfunden wird. Die Straf von Jugendlichen wird in Jugendstrafnstalten vollyogen. In Korea existieren aber nur fur die mannlichen Jugendlichen zwei Anstalten, fur weiblichen keine. Daraus erscheint die Vermehrung, Besserung bzw. Modernisierung von Jugendstrafanstalt erforderlich. Vor allem ist die Besserung und Qualifizierung der Unterricht, Modernisierung der Arbeit, Ausdehnung der Leibesubung und Beurlaubung usw. erforderlich. Jugendgesetz sieht Unterricht in der Jugendstrafanstalt vor. In den meisten Jugendstrafanstalten kann der Schulabschluß nachgeholt werden. Aber ist dieser Schulabschluß fur Jugendliche sehr schwer. Daher braucht es die Besserung und Modernisierung des Unterrichtssystems. Die Arebit, vor allem die berufliche Forderung der Verurteilten halt der Gesetzgeber fur wesentlich. Tatsachlich sind die wenigen jugendlichen Gefangenen vor ihrer Einlieferung kontinuierlicher Arbeit nachgegangen, eine Berufsausbildung hat kaum einer abgeschlossen. Daher soll die Jugendstrafanstalten Lehrwerkstatten einrichten und die vielfaltigen und unterschiedlichen Ausbildung ausfuhen. Außerdem ist die Beurlaubung wichtig fur die Resozialisierung der jungendliehen Geganenen und Beziehung mit der Familie. Deshalb ist die Voraussetzung der Beurlaubung zu erleichtern.

This study was done to examine the relationship between serum chemical values (urea nitrogen, glucose, total protein and cholesterol) of recipients and pregnancy rate following embryo transfer. Blood samples were taken from 184 Holstein heifers or cows on Day 6 or 7 (Day 0=day of estrus) to analysis for serum urea nitrogen, glucose, total protein and cholesterol concentrations. After selection of recipients, frozen Holstein embryos were thawed and directly transferred to recipients non-surgically. The average serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, glucose, total protein and cholesterol were 13.8 mg/dl, 56.5 mg/dl, 7.2 mg/dl, 124.8 mg/dl, respectively. The average concentrations of serum urea nitrogen and cholesterol were lower (P<0.05) in pregnant recipients (10.7 mg/dl, 99.2 mg/dl) than in non-pregnant recipients (13.0 mg/dl, 122.2 mg/dl), respectively, although the concentrations of glucose and total protein were not different. These results show serum urea nitrogen and cholesterol concentrations can be used important factors for selection of recipients in Holstein.

The ovaries of 178 Holstein heifers or cows (heifer; 41, 1 parity; 72, 2 parity; 65) on Day 6 or 7 (Day 0=day of estrus) were examined by transrectal ultrasonography. Diameter of corpus luteum (CL) and large follicle ( 10 mm), and luteal tissue area were determined by ultrasound system with a 5 MHB rectal probe. Blood samples were taken to progesterone analysis. After selection of recipients, frozen Holstein embryos were thawed and directly transferred to recipients non-surgically. The diameter of CL and luteal tissue area was greater (P<0.01) on Day 7 than on Day 6 in heifers, 1 parity or 2 parity cows, respectively, although progesterone concentrations were not different. The presence of fluid-filled luteal cavitied or multiple CL (2 or more) did not affect serum progesterone concentration. A large follicles were observed in 67.4% of heifers or cows and the average diameter was 14.1 mm. Greater luteal tissue area attributed higher pregnancy in heifers, but not in cows, although there were no difference on pregnancy rate according to progesterone concentration in heifers or cows. The pregnancy rate of recipients contained a large follicle at embryo transfer was lower than that of recipients not contained. These results show ultrasonic assessment of ovaries in Holstein recipients is a reliable tool to determine the follicle and CL for recipient selection.

This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis the hypothesis that treatment with hCG (5,000 IU) at the time of embryo transfer would enhance pregnancy rates in recipients, and the concentration of plasma urea nitrogen(PUN) in recipients was related to the effect of hCG on the reproductive performance. Blood samples were taken according to experimental condition for the assessment of the endogenous plasma progesterone concentration and plasma urea nitrogen. Concentrations of progesterone in plasma were higher in cows treated with hCG on day 7(estrus=day 0) than in those untreated during 7∼43 days after insemination. The pregnancy rates were 65.5 and 54.6% for the hCG treated and untreated groups, respectively. In recipient group categorized with PUN concentration of <12 mg/이, the pregnancy rates were 68.8 and 46.7% for the hCG treated and untreated groups, respectively. The results suggest that hCG treatment at 7 days after insemination could be used to increase the pregnancy rate of embryo transfer, and transfer, and only the recipients with PUN concentration of <12 mg/dl were influenced by treatment with hCG.