PURPOSES: The effects on traffic accidents change with the changing environment. Accordingly, this study analyzes the characteristics of traffic accidents based on the personal characteristics (gender and age) of drivers, and those of 25 autonomous districts in Seoul, and suggests improvements. METHODS: Based on data pertaining to traffic accidents in Seoul, the analysis of accident characteristics was conducted by categorizing the types of traffic accidents according to the drivers' gender and age, and characteristics of 25 autonomous districts in Seoul. Further, for statistical verification, the SPSS software was used to derive influence variables through a multinomial logistic regression analysis, and a method for reducing traffic accidents was proposed. RESULTS : Analysis results show that males tend to be more involved in speed-related accidents and females in low-experience drivingrelated accidents such as those during parking and alleyway driving. In addition, variables such as age, automobile type, district, and day of the week are found to influence accident types. CONCLUSIONS : This study analyzed the accident characteristics based on personal and city characteristics to reflect the sociological characteristics that influence traffic accidents. The number of traffic accidents in Korea could be decreased drastically by implementing the results of this study in customized safety education and traffic maps.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the weight values of evaluation items by traffic safety project type. METHODS: In general, a large-scale investment in projects such as the traffic safety project requires economic analyses to be performed in advance. However, there is an argument for considering special characteristics of the traffic safety project. Therefore, this study conducted characteristic analysis of the weight values of evaluation items. The analysis consisted of two steps. The first step was hypothesis verification using analysis of variance (ANOVA). In this process, the authors examined whether the weight of evaluation items is the same regardless of the traffic safety project type. Based on the first step's results, the authors proceeded to the second step. The objective of this step was to analyze how different the weight values are by traffic safety project type using an analytic hierarchy process. RESULTS: According to the ANOVA test results, the benefit to cost ratios have different weight values based on traffic safety project type at the 0.01 significance level. The policy evaluation items, such as the plans connection, resident opinion, and regional equity, also showed the same results except that the result for the related plans connection was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Based on the first step's result, the AHP analysis in the second step showed that the traffic safety projects for vulnerable users and pedestrians have very low weight values in economic evaluation factors compared with other safety project types. The weight values for vulnerable users and pedestrians were 0.29 and 0.26, respectively, in economic evaluation items. On the other hand, the weight values for other safety project types were around 0.6. Among the policy evaluation items, resident opinion showed a higher weight value than other factors, such as connection and regional equity items. CONCLUSIONS: The social and economic impact of a traffic safety project varies by project type and project characteristics. Although the economic approach is overarching and a reasonable methodology is applied for large-scale projects, it should be noted that the safety issue, especially for transportation of vulnerable uses, requires a non-economical approach. Based on the analysis results, this study suggests that the priority of the projects should be determined by separating them into independent assessment groups depending on their characteristics.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to identify the characteristics affecting traffic accidents that have occurred in 564 industrial complexes nationwide from 2011 to 2015.METHODS : The traffic accidents were specified using various factors such as industrial complex type (national VS. general), industrial complex degradation (old VS. non-old), location of complex (capital VS. non-capital), and traffic law violation (speeding, signal violation, and median invasion). The average number of crashes and accident ratio (fatal, severe, and both) in terms of characteristics of industrial complexes were calculated. With a sample of crashes of the industrial complexes for 5 years, statistical significances were tested to analyze and compare the differences based on industrial complex and traffic law characteristics using parametric and non-parametric methods.RESULTS: From statistical results, it is observed that the crash frequency occurring in old industrial complexes is three times higher than that in non-old industrial complexes. Old industrial complexes located in a capital area, old national industrial complexes, and old general industrial complexes are considerably related to higher crash frequency, but the fatal accident ratio appeared to have no statistical difference across industrial complex characteristics. Severe crashes are more likely to occur in non-old industrial complexes on an average.CONCLUSIONS : It is necessary to eliminate potential threats to roads and traffic in the same manner as illegal parking in industrial complexes through the restoration of old industrial complexes. To improve the efficiency of road infrastructure, efforts should be made to improve traffic safety in accordance with industrial characteristics such as planning and operation of relevant local government programs.

국내 도로에서 발생하는 교통사고 요인별 사고 심각도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위한 방법으로 순서형 로짓모델 적용에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 교통사고 발생 시, 수집되는 자료는 교통사고 발생시간, 발생장소, 도로환경, 사고이유, 사고심각도, 날씨, 사고종별, 운전자 특성 등이 기록된다. 이러한 사고자료를 이용하여 교통사고의 심각도에 미치는 요인에 대한 분석이 가능하다. 교통사고 심각도는 크게 사망, 중상, 경상, 부상없음 4가지 심각도로 구분이 가능한데, 이를 순서형 변수로 정의하여 로짓모델을 적용하여 심각도에 미치는 요인별 영향정도를 분석할 수 있다. 순서형 로지스틱 회귀분석은 종속변수가 순서형으로 구성되어 있을 때, 로짓모델을 이용하여 종속변수가 일어날 확률을 구할 수 있다. 이러한 분석방법을 이용해 독립변수가 종송변수에 미치는 영향을 판단할 수 있는데, 로짓 선형함수의 계수로 독립변수가 종속변수에 미치는 영향정도를 판단한다. 도시부와 지방부는 도로환경적인 측면에서 큰 차이가 있어, 지역별 교통사고 심각도에 미치는 영향도 다르게 나타난다. 도시부와 지방부의 사고 심각도 모형을 각각 설정하여 순서형 로짓모형을 이용해 요인별 영향 차이를 분석하여 사고의 특성을 비교할 수 있다.

최근 여성 운전자의 수가 점차 늘어감에 따라 여성운전자의 교통사고 발생건수 또한 증가하고 있다. 지난 5년 동안 국내 교통사고 발생건수는 감소해왔으나 여성운전자 교통사고 건수는 오히려 지속적으로 증가하고 있어 이에 대한 관심과 대책이 필요한 실정이다. 본 논문은 서울시 여성운전자 교통사고발생 지점을 시공간적으로 시각화하고, 분석하여 여성운전자 교통사고 예방에 도움이 되고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 교통사고 발생 지점의 경위도좌표와 발생시간 정보를 포함하고 있는 2010년도 서울시 여성교통사고 데이터를 분석대상으로 하였다. 여성운전자 교통사고의 집중지역을 분석하기 위해 커널밀도분석, 핫스팟분석을 수행하였으며, 시공간 특성분석을 위해 시간대별 핫스팟 분석, 스페이스 타임 큐브 분석, 그리고 발생 핫스팟 분석을 수행하고 그 결과를 비교하였다. 마지막으로 여성운전자 교통사고 발생의 시공간적 집중 지역을 분석하고 요약한 뒤 이에 따른 시사점을 도출하였다.

PURPOSES: This study was initiated to analyze the characteristics of bus traffic accidents, by bus types, using the decision tree in order to establish customized safety alternatives by bus types, including the intra-city bus, rural area bus, and inter-city bus. METHODS: In this study, the major elements involved in bus traffic accidents were identified using decision trees and CHAID algorithm. The decision tree was used to identify the characteristics of major elements influencing bus traffic accidents. In addition, the CHAID algorithm was applied to branch the decision trees. RESULTS : The number of casualties and severe injuries are high in bus accidents involving pedestrians, bicycles, motorcycles, etc. In the case of light injury caused by bus accidents, different results are found. In the case of intra-city bus accidents, the probability of light injury is of 77.2% when boarding a non-owned car and breaching of duty to drive safely are involved. In the case of rural area bus accidents, the elements showing the highest probability of light injury are boarding an owned car, vehicle-to-vehicle accidents, and breaching of duty to drive safely. In the case of intra-city bus accidents, boarding owned car, streets, and vehicle-to-vehicle accidents work as the critical elements. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the bus accident data were categorized by bus types, and then the influential elements were identified using decision trees. As a result, the characteristics of bus accidents were found to be different depending on bus types. The findings in this study are expected to be utilized in establishing effective alternatives to reduce bus accidents.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study was to analyze variations in the vehicle driving behavior characteristics on signalized intersections according to the use of traffic enforcement camera (red light camera). METHODS: In order to analyze the driving behavior characteristics on signalized intersections when red light camera are installed, the target sites for investigation were selected depending on whether the red light camera is installed and accident rates increased after the installation. In particular, to analyze the characteristics of dilemma zones in signalized intersections, approach speed and deceleration speed of 3 type vehicles (passing vehicles during a yellow light, stopping at a yellow light, passing vehicles during a green light) were examined. Based on these data, the starting point, ending point, and distance of the dilemma zones were calculated. Also, the locations of increased traffic accidents and decreased accidents after the installation of the equipment were distinguished when analyzing the traffic accident characteristics. RESULTS : Analysis results revealed that there was a tendency for the dilemma zone distance to decrease after the installation of equipment(red light camera) in most sites. This tendency was found to be due to the decrease in the approaching speed of vehicles at intersections after the installation of equipment, resulting in the starting and ending points of dilemma zone to become closer to the stop line. Moreover, analysis showed that the number of traffic accidents decreased for most intersections after the installation of equipment and safety of the intersections increased somewhat. CONCLUSIONS : In general, installation of equipment(red light camera) caused the intersections approaching speed and dilemma zone distance to decrease. Decision-making is difficult for drivers in the dilemma zone, so the decrease in the dilemma zone distance implies an improvement in traffic safety. Furthermore, the number of accidents within intersections significantly decreased after the equipment was installed, leading to the conclusion that installation of the equipment affected the decrease in traffic accidents.

PURPOSES: The demand for extending national highways is increasing, but traffic monitoring is hindered because of resource limitations. Hence, this study classified highway segments into 5 types to improve the efficiency of short-term traffic count planning. METHODS : The traffic volume trends of 880 highway segments were classified through R-squared and linear regression analyses; the steadiness of traffic volume trends was evaluated through coefficient of variance (COV), and the normality of the data were determined through the Shapiro-Wilk W-test. RESULTS : Of the 880 segments, 574 segments had relatively low COV and were classified as type 1 segments, and 123 and 64 segments with increasing and decreasing traffic volume trends were classified as type 2 and type 3 segments, respectively; 80 segments that failed the normality test were classified as type 4, and the remaining 39 were classified as type 5 segments. CONCLUSIONS : A theoretical basis for biennial count planning was established. Biennial count is recommended for types 1~4 because their mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) are approximately 10%. For type 5 (MAPE =19.26%), the conventional annual count can be continued. The results of this analysis can reduce the traffic monitoring budget.

PURPOSES: This study analyzed the lane-by-lane traffic flow characteristics in Korea by using real-world data, including congestion levels, for 2-, 3-, and 4-lane freeways. METHODS : On the basis of a literature review, lane flow and speed characteristics were analyzed using flow measurements and speed ratios. In addition, the effect of congestion levels on traffic flow were visualized using rescaled cumulative plots. RESULTS: Driver behavior varied depending on the congestion level. During free-flow conditions, the lane-use ratio of individual lanes varied largely, whereas during congestion, the ratio was nearly the same for all lanes (i.e., equilibrium). During maximum-flow and congestion conditions, the median lane was used more than the shoulder lane, whereas during all other conditions, the shoulder lane had a higher lane-use ratio. In 3- or 4-lane freeways, the lane-use ratio of the median lane always exceeded 1 and was the highest during free-flow conditions. CONCLUSIONS : The results of the present analysis can be used as an index to predict congestion before a lane is overcapacitated. Moreover, the results can be applied in variable lane guidance systems, such as car navigation systems and variable message displays, to control traffic flow.

도로 안전에는 다양한 요인들이 복합적으로 작용한다. 이러한 요인들 중 미끄럼 저항은 도로 포장면과 타이어 사이의 마찰 저항을 말하며, 도로 안전에 매우 중요한 요소이다. 비 오는 날은 시야확보가 어렵고, 미끄러운 노면 때문에 조향과 제동에 어려움을 겪게 되어 사고위험성이 높아지게 된다. 비 오는 날 교통 사고의 위험성은 교통사고 100건당 사망자수인 치사율을 보면 알 수 있는데, 교통안전정보관리시스템의 통계에 의하면 2012~2014년의 교통사고 중 맑은 기상상태에서는 치사율이 2.16%이지만 비, 눈 상태의 치사율은 각각 2.76, 2.63%로 높게 집계되었다. 또한 도로교통공단의 통계에 따르면 2009~2011년 고속 국도의 야간 치사율은 10.6명으로 도로종류 중에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고 속도로의 노면의 상태(건조, 젖음)와 시간(심야, 첨두, 비첨두)을 고려하여 고속도로의 미끄럼 저항 관리 기준 방안 제시를 위하여 고속도로 교통사고와 미끄럼 저항간의 관계를 누적사고건수비율/누적도로연장 비율을 평가지수로 이용하여 경부고속도로와 영동고속도로를 중심으로 분석하였다. 교통사고와 미끄럼 저항간의 관계 분석을 통하여 포장종류, 노면상태, 시간에 따라 누적사고건수비율/ 누적도로연장비율이 달라지는 것을 다음과 같이 확인하였다. 경부, 영동 고속도로 모두 미끄럼 저항이 낮 을 때 평가지수가 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 젖은 노면 상태에서 평가지수가 높게 나타났다. 향후 본 연구결과를 토대로 고속도로 미끄럼 저항 관리기준을 합리적으로 수립할 수 있는 방안을 마련할 계획이 며, 고속도로 안전관리에 단계별 관리기준을 제공하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

우리나라는 주로 교통관리 및 교통정보 제공을 목적으로 ITS 구축 사업, 한국도로공사 FTMS 사업 등 을 통해 다양한 종류의 차량검지기를 설 및 운영하고 있다. 차량검지기로부터 수집된 교통정보(교통량, 점유율, 속도) 등의 실시간 교통자료는 향후 정체관리, 돌발상황관리 경로안내 서비스 등에 활용하고 있 으나, 활용도가 낮은 것이 현실이다. 지점 교통정보의 단점을 보완하고자 실제 주행을 통해 도로 구간의 교통정보를 수집하여 VDS 자료와의 유사성을 파악하여 자료의 활용 가능성을 검토 하였다. 외곽순환도로 중 자유로 IC~장수 IC를 대상으로, 월요일~금요일의 오전 첨두 및 오후 첨두 시간대를 차로별로 주행하면서 ʻTTMonʼ이라는 장비를 통해 양방향의 교통정보를 수집하였다. VDS 자료는 지점 자 료이고, 실험 자료는 주행 중 수집 자료이기 때문에 분석구간을 설정하였다. 또한 실험 자료는 좌표 정보 로서, 이를 거리 단위로 환산하기 위해 ʻRʼ 프로그램을 통해 작업을 수행하여 자료를 보정하였다. 분석 결과에서 속도의 변화는 두 자료가 비슷한 패턴을 보였으나, F-Test를 통해 각 자료의 분산 검정 에서 유사성을 보였으며, 이 후 두 자료의 유의성 검정을 위한 T-Test를 통해 유의성이 있음을 보였다. 차로별, 방향별, 시간대별 자료의 검정을 통해 실험 주행 자료가 구간의 교통 특성을 대표할 수 있는 자료 임을 나타내었으며, 추후 통행시간 예측 및 경로 탐색에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

우리나라의 교통사고는 매년 늘어나는 추세이며, 근본적인 교통사고의 감소를 위한 연구와 대책 마련 이 필요하다. 기존에 다수 진행되었던 차량여건이나 사고건수 연구는 단편적인 지표이기 때문에 복합적인 사고 예방과 해결에 어려움이 있다. 현재 사고밀도모형의 연구가 한정적이기 때문에 전국적으로 모형을 적용하기에는 다소 어려움이 있어 보인다. 이 연구는 심층적이고 다양한 교통 특성과 인구지표를 전국에 반영할 수 있는 교통사고 밀도 모형을 개발하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이 연구의 대상의 되는 자료는 전국 460개의 광역시 및 시･군구를 하나의 존으로 선정하여 2008~2015 년까지 발생한 교통사고자료이다. 이 연구에서는 다양한 독립변수와 그에 따른 종속변수 사이의 관계를 도출하고, 적합한 모형을 개발하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 사용했다. 종속변수는 사고밀도로 정하고, 독립 변수는 인구밀도, 경제활동인구, 1인가구수, 고령인구수 등과 같은 인구 기반지표와 토지이용 및 사회경 제적인 지표들로 정하였다. 결정된 변수들의 상관분석 및 F검정을 통해 모형의 적합도와 유의성 분석을 통해 최종적으로 가장 신뢰성 있는 교통사고밀도 모형을 결정한다. 중점적인 관련 변수로는 인구밀도, 경 제활동인구, 고령인구수, 상업면적, 장애인비율 등과 같은 변수가 양의 상관관계를 가질 것으로 예상되 고, 반대로 속도방지시설과 같은 변수들은 음의 상관관계일 것으로 예측된다. 개발된 모형을 통해 결과적 으로, 전국 시･군구 단위의 설명력있는 모형 개발과 이를 통한 정책평가나 장래의 계획에도 활용할 수 있 을 것으로 기대된다.

In this study, we investigated the concentrations of PM10 and CO2 in public transportation vehicles (express bus, train, KTX, and subway) reported by previous indoor air quality (IAQ) surveys carried out from 2005 to 2013 in Korea. The number of valid data for PM10 was 566 and for CO2 was 579, and all data were classified according to whether it was collected during rush-hour or non rush-hour. PM10 and CO2 concentrations in subway cabin during the rush-hour were 1.3 and 1.45 times higher, respectively, than those of non rush-hour (p<0.05) in terms of geometric mean value. PM10 and CO2 concentration of express bus and train during the rush-hour also were 1.23 times higher than those of non rush-hour with relatively weak correlations (p=0.246). Among all PM10 concentrations, 16.9% and 3.8% of PM10 concentrations exceeded the IAQ guidelines (200 μg/m3 for non-rush hour and 250 μg/m3 for rush-hour), respectively. In terms of CO2 concentrations, 10.5% and 3.0% of them exceeded the IAQ guidelines (2,500 ppm for non rush-hour and 3,000 ppm for rush-hour), respectively. As a result, concentrations of PM10 and CO2 were estimated to be dominantly influenced by the operation characteristics of public transportation, such as degree of congestion and type of vehicle. In order to improve the IAQ of public transportation vehicles, specific air purification and ventilation systems are needed, depending on the characteristics of public transportation vehicles.

PURPOSES: This study deals with the traffic accidents classified by the traffic analysis zone. The purpose is to develop the accident density models by using zonal traffic and socioeconomic data. METHODS : The traffic accident density models are developed through multiple linear regression analysis. In this study, three multiple linear models were developed. The dependent variable was traffic accident density, which is a measure of the relative distribution of traffic accidents. The independent variables were various traffic and socioeconomic variables. CONCLUSIONS : Three traffic accident density models were developed, and all models were statistically significant. Road length, trip production volume, intersections, van ratio, and number of vehicles per person in the transportation-based model were analyzed to be positive to the accident. Residential and commercial area ratio and transportation vulnerability ratio obtained using the socioeconomic-based model were found to affect the accident. The major arterial road ratio, trip production volume, intersection, van ratio, commercial ratio, and number of companies in the integrated model were also found to be related to the accident.

본 연구는 물때에 따른 교통특성을 분석하여 선박통항관리 개발에 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 목포항의 1년간 선박자동식별장치 자료를 사용하였다. 물때에 따른 교통량을 분석하기 위해 목포항의 1년간의 선박자동식별장치의 양력 데이터를 음력으로 변환한 후, 서해안의 구전 물때를 적용하였다. 연구 결과, 출항선박은 2-3물때 교통량이 7물때 보다 약 23-24% 많고, 입항선박은 12-13물때 교통량이 9물때 보다 약 29-33 % 많았다. 특히, 시간의 변화에 따른 물때별 변동지수는 sine 함수의 형태로 변화하였다. 본 연구는 물때에 따른 선박통항관리 개발에 필요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.