Dentists are known to be highly exposed to the musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). The present study investigated the prevalence of MSD among Korean dentists and association between their MSD and physical workload. In addition, detailed causes related to the physical workloads were identified in dental operation, and needs for improvement of dental instrument and environment were collected from Korean dentists. The standardized Nordic questionnaire was used to survey body troubles and three types of questionnaires were made to investigate the physical workloads, causes of the physical workloads and improvement priority of dental equipments, respectively. A total of 104 Korean dentists were participated in the survey. Neck trouble (82%) was the most prevalent in Korean dentists, and shoulder (68%) and low back trouble (56%) followed, while low back trouble was reported to be most frequent in previous studies. The body troubles were related to the physical workload of the corresponding body parts, although they were not associated with personal characteristics. Most Korean dentists selected ‘to keep direct view inside patient’s mouth’ and ‘no support of the hand with dental instruments’ as the causes of awkward and strenuous work postures. They wanted design improvement for some equipment in their operating room such as operating light and arrangement of workplace.

본 연구에서의 미용업 종사자의 감정노동, 직무 및 사회심리적 스트레스, 피로도가 근골격계질환에 미치는 직․간접적인 영향을 평가하기 위하여 시도되었다. 그 결과 미용업 종사자의 근골격계질환 자각증사자는 신체부위 중 어깨의 근골격계 질환 관련 자각증상자가 가장 많았으며, 목, 허리, 손목, 팔, 발, 무릎 순으로 나타났다. 미용업 종사자의 감정노동 각 문항별 평가 결과는 ‘나는 기분이 나쁠 때 고객들에게 표현하지 않도록 최선을 다한다’의 문항이 3.92점으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이와 반 대로 ‘표현되는 행동과 실제 감정의 차이 때문에 혼란스러울 때가 있다’ 2.61점으로 나 타났다. 미용업 종사자의 작업 관련 심리적인 요인이 근골격계질환에 미치는 영향에 대하여 근골격계질환자가 무증상자에 비하여 감정노동과 피로도에 영향을 더 많이 받 는다는 것으로 나타났으며, 직무 스트레스가 증가할수록 사회심리적 스트레스는 낮아 지지만 피로도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 감정노동이 피로도에 미치는 영향에서 직·간접적인 영향이 모두 높은 것으로 나타났으며 직무 스트레스가 피로도를 통해 근 골격계질환에 미치는 간접적인 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 미용 종사자의 작업 관련 물리적․심리적 개선 방안 마련이 요구 되면 산업안전보건 분야의 정책적 관리 방안 마련을 제안한다.

본 연구는 소방대원의 화재진압 업무를 인간공학적 평가도구(RULA, REBA)를 이용 하여 분석하고 타업종(병원, 자동차업종)과의 비교를 수행하였다. 첫째, 소방대원들의 업무 중 화재진압 업무의 인간공학적 작업자세 분석 및 평가하여 극단적인 작업자세에 대해서 살펴보았다. 요구조자 1인 운반법은 RULA, REBA의 평가 결과에서 모두 정밀조사가 필요하고 즉시 개선․조치가 요구되는 4단계로 평가되었다. 둘째, 화재진압 업무와 타업종과(병원, 자동차업종)의 분석 결과를 비교 분석을 실시 하였다. RULA로 평가한 결과 3, 4단계가 차지하는 비율이 72%로 자동차 업종(74%) 에서의 평가결과 보다 낮게 나타났지만 병원업종(37%)보다는 높게 나타났다. REBA로 평가한 결과 3, 4단계가 차지하는 비율이 36%로 병원(9%)과 자동차 업종(24%)에서의 평가결과보다 높게 평가된 것으로 나타났다.

The validity of the results from observational methods such as RULA, REBA, OWAS has been one of major concerns due to their subjective characteristics in determining the posture of interests. There have been many studies regarding validity of the results from each checklist. However, most studies provided only fragmentary rather than comprehensive results in nature. This study specifically tried to analyze consistency of novice user based on intra-observer consistency and sensitivity of industrial types during MSDs(Musculoskekltal Disorders) evaluation with major checklists. In this study, twenty two novice subjects were participated to conduct MSDs evaluation for the forty five jobs from three types of industries(automobile, electronics, hospital). The main results for this study were summarized as follows; 1) The action level based on RULA was always higher than that from REBA and OWAS for all three types of industries., 2) The order of consistency from novice users was OWAS(72.7%(kappa=0.57)) RULA(54.3%(kappa=0.41)), REBA(41.0%(kappa=0.34))., 3) The percentage of agreement between 2nd and 3rd trials was higher than those between 1st and 2nd trials and between 1st and 3rd trials irrespective of industrial types during using RULA and REBA., 4) The average score of automobile industry was higher than those of hospital and electronics industries., 5) The types of jobs associated with five body parts(A1(Front), A2(Interior), A3(Rear), A4(Lower), A5(Door)) in automobile industry showed statistically significant differences in terms of MSDs scores for the body parts considered in each checklists.

본 연구는 창원지역 반도체소자 공장 1개소 2,000명 근로자 중 2001년부터 2011년까지 10년간의 사업장 물리치료실을 방문한 환자 중에서 질환부위가 근골격계질환 발생 부위에 해당되는 근골격계관련 발생 질환자 61명을 대상으로 하여, 관련 질환자가 노동부고시 11개 부담작업 범위(2003-24호)에 해당되는 작업에 얼마만큼 종사하는가를 분석하여 11개 부담작업의 범위 및 측정방법에 대한 개선안을 도출할 것을 목적으로 한다.

목적 : 본 연구는 작업·물리치료사들의 근골격계질환 유해인자를 확인하고 이에 따른 근골격계질환 예방프로그램의 적용이 통증 및 직무스트레스에 미치는 효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다.연구방법 : 2010년 5월부터 동년 7월까지 경남 창원에 위치하는 C병원에 근무하는 21명의 작업·물리치료사들을 대상으로 근골격계질환 유해인자를 Quick Exposure Checklist(QEC)를 통해 확인한 후, 이에 따른 근골격계질환 예방프로그램을 8주간 적용하였다. 대상자들의 중재 전·후의 통증과 스트레스 변화를 측정하기 위해 시각적 상사척도(Visual Analogue Scale; VAS)와 한국인 직무스트레스 측정도구를 각각 사용하였다.결과 : QEC를 통해 작업·물리치료사들의 업무환경은 개선이 필요한 수준임을 알 수 있었고, 중재를 적용 후 중재 전에 비해 VAS와 한국인 직무스트레스 측정도구의 결과가 유의하게 감소함을 알 수 있었다(p<.05). 또한 VAS와 한국인 직무스트레스 측정도구의 상관관계 분석을 통해 통증변화와 직무스트레스변화 간에 양의 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다(p<.05). 결론 : 본 연구는 작업·물리치료사의 업무환경 분석을 통한 근골격계질환 예방프로그램을 적용함으로써 근골격계질환 예방활동이 작업·물리치료사의 통증 및 직무스트레스 감소에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 제시하였다.

Currently, national fishery population is aging gradually due to avoiding fishery by young people as they do for farming. The working condition of fishing industry is very poor due to the bad climate, rough wave, worn tools, and narrow working space which cause the uncomfortable postures. These poor working conditions have strong influence on the health and safety of fishermen and cause the work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The survey was conducted in this study to investigate the WMSDs symptoms for the fishermen in the coastal fishery. One hundred and twenty five coastal fishermen, especially drift gill net fishermen, participated in this study, and among them 110 responses were analyzed for this study due to the unreliable and insincerity of reponses. The results showed that WMSDs symptoms appeared in various parts of the body such as lower back (84.6%), shoulder (82.7%), and neck (68.2%). The drift gill net fishing require a lot of energy spending and repetitive movement because of the characteristics of the drift gill net fishery and this cause the WMSDs symptoms on back, shoulder, and neck. In this study, WMSDs symptoms of the coastal fishermen were surveyed and related various factors and characteristics were analyzed through ergonomic assessment. The results of this study can provide some basic information to improve the work environment of fishing industry.

It has been very important to have an exact evaluation for risk factors in order to prevent WMSDs(Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders). However, most WMSDs evaluation methods have always been some problems of possibilities associated with subjective evaluation. Therefore, this study tried to conduct a sort of usability analysis on three major evaluation methods(OWAS, RULA, REBA). Specifically, major subjects in the study consisted of three parts as follows; comparison of the results between experienced and inexperienced observers, analysis for the consistency of the results in terms of different evaluation times, and analysis for the consistency of the results in terms of different job characteristics(based on the part of the automobile). The results of the study were summarized as follows; 1) There was statistically significant difference of the results by RULA and by REBA between experienced and inexperienced observers. This might be due to the fact that experienced observers have had better ability to detect the important working posture during evaluation. However, the results by OWAS did not give any significantly different results between experienced and inexperienced observers, 2) All three checklists applied by experienced subjects did not show any single result significantly different in terms of different evaluation times. This might have to do with high intra-observer reliability from some of previous studies, 3) The five parts of an automobile were selected as five major jobs with different job characteristics in the automobile industry. Specifically, they were door part, front part(hood, etc.), inside part(dash board, seats, etc.), rear part(trunk etc.), and bottom part. All three methods did not show any significant differences for the results from each observers. Further study on this subject would eventually provide a sophisticated evaluating guidelines for WMSDs regarding determination of observer-specific evaluation, identification of repetitive number of evaluations for stable results for each checklist, determination of job-specific evaluation methods, and so on.

목적 : 본 연구는 발파 9(The Valpar whole body range of motion work sample 9)를 통하여 다양한 자세에서 농업인의 신체 운동범위유지능력을 측정하고, 근골격계 질환 예방 운동프로그램이 작목 유형별, 성별에 따른 작업 숙련도 유지와 통증수준의 감소에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 농업인 근골격계 질환 예방 운동프로그램 참여자 중 발파 9 연구 참여에 동의한 농업인을 대상으로 2008년 12월부터 2009년 2월까지 3개월 동안 실시하였다. 작업 숙련도와 통증 정도측정은 작업치료학 전공자 5명이 발파 9를 이용하여 운동프로그램 실시하기 전과 후에 각각 1회 시행하였다. 근골격계 질환 예방 운동프로그램(탄성밴드를 이용한)은 주 2회, 12주 동안 진행되었다. 결과 : 연구결과는 주요 작목 유형별, 성별로 나누어 비교하였다. 주요 작목 유형은 수도작 종사자 16명과 과수 종사자 8명으로 구분하였으며, 성별은 여성 15명, 남성 9명으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 주요 작목 유형별로 수도작과 과수 종사자 모두 운동 프로그램 전과 후에 작업 숙련도가 ‘월등하게 적합함’상태를 유지하였고, 성별에서도 두 군 모두 운동 전과 후에서 ‘월등하게 적합함’을 유지하는 결과를 보였다. 이를 통해 근골격계 질환 예방을 위한 운동프로그램의 수행이 농업인의 작업 숙련도를 ‘월등하게 적합함’수준으로 유지시킬 수 있었으며, 부위별 통증 수준 또한 과수업 종사자의 경우 운동 전․후로 목, 어깨, 무릎 등의 통증을 완화시켰고, 수도작 종사자의 경우에도 손목, 목, 어깨 순으로 통증을 완화시키는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 근골격계 질환 예방 프로그램의 참여로 농업인의 작업수행시 작업숙련도를 유지하고, 통증정도를 감소시킬 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

At the present time, Musculo-Skeletal Disorders breaks out and it is increased in a high speed. It is a serious problem for the labors and managements. People becoming greatly interested in it. It is caused by the labor intensity which is according to the work form, hours of labor, and the labors and the labor unions have a correct understanding in it, and the labor powers becoming older, and the change of divisional social environment which is latent. Before working do the simple preparation gymnastics or operate insensitive exercise remedy without scientific verification only in the present circumstances. Although operate the Work-related Musculo-Skeletal Disorders exercise remedy, it can not get a sufficient effectiveness. So the study develop one type of exercise remedy which are divided the upper limbs exercise remedy, the trunk exercise remedy, the lower limbs exercise remedy. It can be done without using any exercise equipments and regardless places. We should also enable the exercise remedy to be easily applied to workers who are in different circumstances. To use EMG to measure the burden of exercise remedy. By doing so, employees can easily do exercises and it will help to prevent and even can treat MSD. It is just the objective of the research.

While musculoskeletal disorders increased, its prevention efforts were rather decreased or its operation was insufficient. This study aims to examine the actual conditions of musculoskeletal disorders at Electronics Company in Korea, analyze occupational danger factors related to musculoskeletal disorders through analysis of components of wrong workplaces and works, evaluate degree of danger of factors examined, analyze association between danger factors and musculoskeletal disorders, accumulate data of musculoskeletal disorders which are not enough in Korea and further prepare the foundation of improving working environment and developing prevention/management program of musculoskeletal disorders.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative effectiveness of immediate feedback and informational prompt on safe sitting behaviors that may cause VDT syndromes. Participants were three white color workers and an ABCB within-subject design was adopted. Safety Posture System was developed specifically for the present study. The system could detect participants' unsafe sitting postures using sensors and provide feedback and prompt on the computer monitors. The results indicated that both immediate feedback and informational prompt considerably increased safe sitting behaviors. More importantly, the immediate feedback was more effective than the informational prompt in increasing safe sitting behaviors.

The psychosocial stress and musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) have been one of major health problems for hospital workers. This study tried to understand the relationship between symptoms associated with MSDs and risk factors such as working posture, job stress, psychosocial stress and fatigue. A total number of 655 hospital workers participated in this study. Specifically, REBA was applied for evaluating working posture and a checklist prepared by KOSHA(Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency) was used for symptom survey. A questionnaire from KOSHA was also used for collecting data associated with job stress, psychosocial stress and fatigue. All these data were formulated and modeled by path analysis which was one of major statistical tools in this study. Specifically, path analysis for the data we collected came up with several major findings. As a result, as for body part(neck), (waist) and (arms) the degree of risk of work posture measured with the use of job stress(KOSS), psycho-social stress(PWI-SF) and REBA is significantly more affected by fatigue than muscular skeletal disease related consciousness symptom. However, regarding bod(wrist), the degree of risk of work posture measured with the use of job stress(KOSS) and REBA is directly affected by muscular skeletal disease related consciousness symptom. This study is meaningful in that the study clarified the causal relations of the degree of risk of work posture, degree of fatigue, and muscular skeletal disease related consciousness symptoms by each body part measured with the use of work stress(KOSS), psycho-social stress(PWI-SF) and REBA.

This paper was proposed to show the comprehensive review of laws and regulations on the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) that are being established and carried out in various countries. Ten countries including USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, and 6 European countries which were regarded as the leaders in the prevention of MSDs were selected for review. Comparative analysis were performed on the laws, regulations, and guidelines of MSDs among different countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of the various efforts of the advanced countries concerning on preventing MSDs and suggest the improvement factors that might be introducible to Korean policies. Some recommendations were made to improve the appropriateness and efficiency of our MSDs prevention policies based on the comprehensive review and comparative analysis. It is expected that the results of this study would be used as valuable information when revising relevant legal system.

The goal of this study is to propose the effective method of investigating the injurious factors and making improved plans that prevents the workers against musculoskeletal disorders at an diesel engine manufacturing company and the same business field with similar working conditions and process. A questionnaire were adopted to analyze the symptoms of workers' musculoskeletal disorders, and an ergonomic assessment method such as RULA, OWAS were performed to find out harmful factors of workplace and working posture. Based on the result of the evaluation, to enhance the working environment, improvement of worktable, working space, tools, and outfit was suggested, and induction of mechanical system was also suggested. It can be concluded that the method and process described in this paper could be helpful for diagnosing the musculoskeletal disorders and making improvement plans to the diesel engine fuel injection system manufacturing company and the same business field with similar working conditions and process.

The goal of this study is to propose the effective method of investigating the injurious factors and make improvement plans that prevents the workers against musculoskeletal disorders at plastic product companies and the same business field with similar working conditions and process. A questionnaire are adopted to analyze the symptoms of workers' musculoskeletal disorders, and ergonomic assessment methods such as RULA, OWAS are performed to find out harmful factors of workplace and working posture. Based on the result of the evaluation, to enhance the working environment, improvement of worktable, working space, tools, and outfit was suggested, and induction of mechanical system was also suggested. It can be concluded that the method and process described in this paper could be helpful for diagnosing the musculoskeletal disorders risk factors and making improvement plans to the plastic product companies and the same business field with similar working conditions and process.

본 연구는 직무 스트레스와 근골격계질환과의 관련성을 알아보기 위하여 단순작업과 반복 작업이 빈번하게 발생하는 전자제품 제조업에 대하여 고용 규모 30인 미만과 300인 이상의 사업장을 구분하여 실시하였다. 연구 대상자 311명은 근골격계질환 관련 자각증상과 한국인 직무 스트레스(KOSS)에 대해 설문 조사 방법을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과 한국인 직무스트레스(KOSS)영역에서 30인 이하의 사업장이 물리적환경, 직무요구, 직무자율성결여, 직무불안정, 조직체계, 보상부적절, 직장문화의 영역에서 불만족도가 300인 이상사업장에 비하여 스트레스가 높게 나타났다. 근골격계질환 관련 신체 부위별 증상자를 살펴보면 신체부위 목, 허리에 대한 증상 호소자가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났으며, 근로자들이 근무중 회사와의 갈등으로 격는 한국인 직무스트레스(KOSS)에서는 물리적환경, 직무요구, 직무자율성결여, 직무불안정, 조직체계, 보상부적절, 직장문화에 대하여 30인 미만 사업장 소속 근로자들의 스트 레스 노출정도가 높았다. 다만 KOSS부분에서 근로자들의 개인적인 성향을 나타내는 관계갈등부분은 약간의 차이로 300인 이상 고용사업장의 근로자에 대한 스트레스 노 출정도가 높았다. 이에 30인 미만 사업장과 같은 영세업종 근로자들에게 정신사회적 스트레스의 해소를 위한 예방 프로그램이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

The goal of this study is to propose the effective method of investigating the injurious factors and making improved plans that prevents the workers against musculoskeletal disorders at an autoparts company and the same business field with similar working conditions and process. A questionnaire were adopted to analyze the symptoms of workers' musculoskeletal disorders, and an ergonomic assessment method such as RULA, OWAS were performed to find out harmful factors of workplace and working posture. Based on the result of the evaluation, to enhance the working environment, improvement of worktable, working space, tools, and outfit was suggested, and induction of mechanical system was also suggested. It can be concluded that the method and process described in this paper could be helpful for diagnosing the musculoskeletal disorders and making improvement plans to the autopart company and the same business field with similar working conditions and process.