본 연구에서는 낙엽수림 지역에 혼재하고 있는 제비꽃 속 중 고깔제비꽃, 왜제비꽃, 남산제비꽃의 생육기간 중 개화 시기와 생식 방법에 따른 종자의 생산량 등을 조사하고 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 3종 모두 수관이 폐쇄되기 전의 짧은 기간 동안 개화 시기에 미세한 차이를 두고 개방화를 생성하였고, 폐쇄화는 수관이 폐쇄된 이후에도 지속적으로 생성되었다. 삭과 한 개당 종자 수는 고깔제비꽃<남산제비꽃남산제비꽃>왜제비꽃 순서로 종간과 생식 방법에 따라 유의적으로

Sagassum yezoense (Yamade) Yoshida et Konno is a large fucacean brown alga that occurs in Korea and Japan. The species is one of the most common and abundant marine algae on the east coast of Korea. Investigation on seasonal variation of growth and decline of thalli, reproduction, and morphological features of the species was carried out bimonthly for a target population in Homigot, Pohang, from April 2007 to February 2008. Ten quadrats (50 cm × 50 cm) per every visit were randomly put on S. yezoense beds and, after measuring its coverage, all thalli in the quadrats were collected, and examined for morphology. Surface seawater temperature was in a range of 9oC in February and 22.6oC in September. Coverage was high (74%) in April and low (15%) in October. The average length of thalli was large with 78.2 cm in June and was low 8.6 cm in September. Most of thalli were fertile in June, having male and female receptacles. S. yezoense beds gradually declined from August and small juveniles occurred from October. However, the length of leaves was shorter in June (1.7 cm) than (3.5 cm) in October, and the same was true for leaf width. S. yezoense had germination period from September, and growth period from December, and reproductive period from June. The Pearson correlation coefficient between length of thallus and surface seawater temperature was negative. As a low temperature species on the east coast, S. yezoense will be used as an indicator species for detecting warming of coastal waters in Korea.

This short essay is a slightly modified version of a presentation read at the annual Institute seminar held at SNU on the 5th of December to exchange views on the function of reading in foreign language education in Korea. It begins with the discussion of a need on the paπ of policy makers of English teaching to reassess and revise the dominantly pragmatic and instrumentalist philosophy particularly working in the pedagogy of reading in English. According to the revisionist review of the present writer, the guiding spirit of the 4-skill orientation has so far tended to overvalue the linguistic and communicative functions (or ’grammar’ as is termed here to contrast with the 'text’ that follows) at the cost of the human or readerly values carried by signifying textuality of the reading material. Language should and is fated to reflect and realize the lived experience of concrete and individualized people and society. English is a natural and cultural language that embraces a11 these cultural resourcefulness and expressiveness before it is a foreign language. Strategies of reading pedagogy ought to reflect this fundamental as well as human or value-oriented aspect of language despite the limited level of the language on the part of its leamers.

The present study was carried out to know the distribution of freshwater mollusk on the Chinese liver fluke in the middle of August, 1997 at the upper area of Kyungan stream located in Yongin Kun, Kyungki province. The snails were collected from the shallow and irrigation route in a rural area located along the upper area of Kyungan stream. The snails collected by hand were brought to the laboratory and cercariae naturally shed from the snails, Parafossarulus manchouricus were examined. Parafossarulus manchouricus is medically important intermediate host of the transmission of digenetic trematoda to human. Each snail was placed in aerated tap water for the detection of cercariae and examined for expelled cercariae. Infection rate of the cercariae of Clonorchis sinensis was 3 (1.5%) among 195 individuals collected in the habitat. The identification of the cercaria of Clonorchis sinensis was performed as described by Komiya and Tajimi.

완화형 강유전체의 가장 대표적인 PMN계에서 첨가제의 종류와 함량, 측정온도, 인가 전계의형태 등의 변화에 따른 전계인가 변화특성을 광법위하게 조사하였다. Columbite precursor법에의해 분말을 준비하고 고상소결방법에 의하여 모든 시편을 제조하였다. 순수한 PMN에 첨가제로서 PbTiO3와 Pb(Zr, Ti)O3를 첨가한 경우에 완전한 perovskite 구조의 고용체가 형성되었음을 알 수 있었다. Tεmax이상에서는 변위의 이력이 크게 발생하는 강유전체의 거동을 보여주었다. 양방향으로 전계를 인가하여 변위를 이용하면 발생 strain은 실온 근방에서 온도에 대하여 안정적이지만 단방향 전계에 따른 변위는 온도에 따라 크기가 변한다는 것을 알 수 있었고 유전상수가 큰 경우가 전왜의 크기 또한 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 0.9MN-0.1PT와 0.8PMN-0.2PZT의 경우 최대가 되는 온도는 유전율이 최대가 되는 온도보다 더 낮은 온도에서 나타났다.

16세기 인물인 존 녹스는 스코틀랜드 종교개혁을 제도화시킨 종교개혁자다. 녹스는 다수의 설교, 편지, 중요한 저작들을 남겼는데 그 중에서도 많은 반대를 일으킨 문제작이 1558년에 출판한 『여인들의 괴상한 통치에 반대하는 첫 번째 나팔 소리』이다. 이 글은 잉글랜드 여왕 메리 튜더의 통치를 무력화시킬 목적으로 작성되었지만 여성 혐오와 여성 통치 반대를 일반화시킨 글 전개로 녹스에게 여성혐오주의자라는 악명을 남겼다. 이에 본 논문은 녹스가 『첫 번째 나팔 소리』를 쓰게 된 시대적 배경을 기술하고 그 구체적인 내용을 소개함으로써 이 책의 핵심이 ‘여성 혐오’가 아니라 우상숭배적인 여성 ‘통치자’ 반대라는 것을 밝히려고 한다. 또한 『첫 번째 나팔 소리』 밖의 녹스가 여성 통치자들과 주변 여성들에게 쓴 편지를 살펴보면서 여성 통치자를 인정하고 여성을 존중했던 역사적 녹스를 소개하고자 한다.

The addressee honorification marker si-marked predicate in Korean must have an honorific vocative element in Spec-Voc in order for the unchecked feature of the addressee honorification marker si on Voc to be discharged in the Spec-head relation with the vocative element in Spec-Voc in the concept of Chomsky's (1995) Minimalist Program, which induces the addressee honorification at the speech level. The unchecked feature of the addressee honorification marker si-ess-upnita/sey-yo) percolates from T to Voc. At this point, VocP is above CP, which is why addressee honorification and impersonal subject honorification cannot appear in the embedded clause in Korean. Imperatives with quantificational subjects in English can exhibit, in addition to second person pronouns, third person pronouns as well. This is because a bound element exhibits either the person feature of the partitive phrase binding second or third person pronoun, or default third person value, which is against S. Park (2020).

“안전하다”는 말을 어떻게 하면 “안심하고” 믿을 수 있을까? 본 발표는 흔히 동일시되는 “안전”과 “안심” 이라는 두 개념의 기점에 깔려있는 인식론적, 존재론적 차이를 살펴보고, 이것이 어떤 실천적인 행태로 나타나는지 알아본다. 더불어 두 다른 개념의 혼재에서 빚어지는 현재의 재난관리 시스템의 문제점들을 지적한다. 2011년 후쿠시마 사태 이후 한국 정부는 수산물 안전관리를 위해 각종 대책들을 내세웠지만, 대중들의 반응은 한결같이 “못 믿겠다”는 반응이었다. 대중들을 안심시키기 위해 식품의약품안전처장이 수산물을 직접 먹는 모습을 보이기도 했지만, 대중들은 안심은커녕 정부에 대한 높은 불신만을 쌓아갔다. 본 발표는 과학적, 기술적으로 보장되는 “안전”과 그렇지 못하는 “안심”사이의 긴장 관계를 밝히고, 재난 관리에 대한 새로운 접근법이 필요함을 주장한다. 긴장관계 형성 과정에서 발견되는 지역적 맥락의 특수성을 밝히고, 진정한 안전, 안심 사회를 이루기 위해서는, 수치적으로 표현되는 안전 기준에 매달리던 기존의 재난 관리 (disaster management) 시스템에서 벗어나, 다양한 행위자들이 함께 참여하여 집단적 성찰을 이루어내는 새로운 형태의 재난 거버넌스 (disaster governance)가 필요함을 강조한다.

Korean has so-called after-thought or right dislocation constructions. But wh-words can not be the target of the construction. This paper proposes that the ban on wh-after-thought arises from PF side, especially sentence final intonation. If wh-words are after-thoughted, the sentence final ending C require y/n-question sentence final intonation but the Ω head which is onto C projection and hosts after-thoughted wh-words requires wh-question sentence final intonation. So, the sentence final intonation (= C intonation + Ω intonation) has paradoxical information and the expression crashes at PF. This proposal naturally can be extended to describe the grammatical variation which says that some speakers accept wh-after-thought as grammatical when some, but not all, wh-words are after-thoughted in multiple wh-constructions. The main point is that there is some variation on whether all wh-words must match with sentence final intonation or not.

Korean HOW, i.e. ettehkey, unlike its English counterpart, i.e. how, does not show island effects. There have been several approaches entertained in the literature to account for the island insensitivity:T. Chung`s (1991) VP adjunct analysis and an ECP account; D. Chung`s (1996) nominal analysis and a binding account; Yang`s (1997) d-linking analysis and an ECP account; and D. Chung`s (2000a) predicate analysis and an ECP account. As reviewed in Chung (2000a), the first two analyses bear some critical empirical and/or theoretical problems. Pointing out that the third and fourth approaches also face some empirical and/or theoretical problems, this paper proposes an alternative analysis, a revised nominal analysis, in which ettehkey is decomposed into four sub-parts: e-tte-ha-key,`Det-N-do-adverbializer`. The second element, i.e. -tte, is diagnosed as a nominal element because the first element, i.e. e-, as a determiner, requires a nominal complement and the third element, i.e. -ha, as a transitive verb, requires a nominal complement. The proposed analysis gains support from the morphological paradigms that Korean WH-elements display. Given this revised nominal analysis, the scope of HOW in Korean can be licensed via binding, accounting for the lack of island effects.