본 연구는 기상자료모델 (Atmospheric Data Model, ADM) 중 한국의 중규모 수치기상모의에 자주 사용되는 WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) 모델을 재생에너지 연구에 활용할 수 있도록 시각적으로 표출하고 이를 웹 기반의 공간정보 자료와 매시업 (mesh-up) 하였다. WRF 모델 포맷인 NetCDF 자료로부터 풍속, 풍향, 시간 정보를 읽어 바람의 시각화 표출 및 풍속을 시각적으로 전달하기 위한 형태 및 색상 정의 등 바람기호 (wind barb)를 설계하였다. 이를 위해 바람기호로 시각화에 사용되는 자료량을 최소화하고 웹 표출 DB 변환을 최적화 하였다. 본 연구는 재생에너지 활용과 더불어 도시 및 국토 연구에 활용함으로써 관련 활동의 기상학적 이해를 높이고 신뢰도 높은 의사결정 수립에 기여할 것이다.

The oil consuming country, Korea is spending amount to 220bn barrel per day. It is higher-ranked as 8th country among oil consuming country. France, Brazil, Italia, Spain have recorded GDP than it of Korea. But, the oil consuming of Korea is more than it of them. The GDP of Korea is ranked 11th country, based on 2005. But Korea is higher-ranked as 8th country among oil consuming country. The new and renewable energy as alternative of oil is first measurement. But, the supply of new and renewable energy is inactive 2.13% among total energies. The economist prospects about 1bn job creation during the ten years through new and renewable energy. The merit of new and renewable energy is capital intensive and higher valuable industry.

This study estimates the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction resulting from photovoltaic and wind power technologies using a bottom-up approach for an indirect emission source (scope 2) in South Korea. To estimate GHG reductions from photovoltaic and wind power activities under standard operating conditions, methodologies are derived from the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national GHG inventories and the guidelines for local government greenhouse inventories of Korea published in 2016. Indirect emission factors for electricity are obtained from the 2011 Korea Power Exchange. The total annual GHG reduction from photovoltaic power (23,000 tons CO2eq) and wind power (30,000 tons CO2eq) was estimated to be 53,000 tons CO2eq. The estimation of individual GHGs showed that the largest component is carbon dioxide, accounting for up to 99% of the total GHG. The results of estimation from photovoltaic and wind power were 63.60% and 80.22% of installed capacity, respectively. The annual average GHG reductions from photovoltaic and wind power per year per unit installed capacity (MW) were estimated as 549 tons CO2eq/yr·MW and 647 tons CO2eq/yr·MW, respectively. Finally, the results showed that the level of GHG reduction per year per installed capacity of photovoltaic and wind power is 62% and 42% compared to the CDM project, respectively.

The Malaysian biogas upgrading technologies and policies were examined. In Malaysia, the regulation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been enforced to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand to 20 ppm and the biogas capture in the palm oil mills have been recently enforced for renewable energy. A huge amount of organic waste is produced from POME, and 80 million tons from palm oil trees, every year. Due to the renewable energy trends, the Malaysian government is modifying the use of biogases as fuels in favor of their conversion into compressed natural gas (CNG) and other chemicals; various green policies are being promoted because of many advantages of the organic substances. The Korean policies for biogas are a good model for exporting environmental plants after upgrading the digestion and purification technologies. Therefore, this article introduces the current status of POME and biogas production in Malaysia, it could encourage creating a new market for biomethane.

Anaerobic mesophilic batch tests of food waste and food waste leachate collected from food waste treatment facility were carried out to evaluate their ultimate biodegradability and two distinctive decay rate coefficients (k1 and k2) with their corresponding degradable substrate fractions (S1 and S2), respectively. Each 3 liter batch reactor was operated for more than 60 days at substrate to inoculum ratio (S/I) of 0.5 as an initial total volatile solids (TVS) mass basis. Result of Ultimate biodegradability of 74 ~ 83% for food waste and 85 ~ 90% for food waste leachate were obtained respectively. The readily biodegradable fraction of 85 ~ 93% (S1) of food waste Biodegradable Volatile Solids (BVS, So) degraded within the initial 15 days with a range of of 0.151 ~ 0.168 day−1, whereas the rest slowly biodegradable fraction (S2) of BVS degraded for more than 53 days with the long term batch decay rate coefficients of 0.009 ~ 0.010 day−1. For the food waste leachate, the readily biodegradable portion (S1) appeared to be 92 ~ 94% of BVS (So), which degrades with of 0.172 ~ 0.206 day−1 for an initial 15 days. Its corresponding long term batch decay rate coefficients were 0.005 ~ 0.009 day−1. It is recommended that the hydraulic retention times of mesophilic anaerobic digesters be 16 days for the food waste and 15 days for the food waste leachate, respectively. However a safety factor should be considered when designing a full scale plant.

Most of countries are trying to increase the supply of renewable energy as the substitute of the fossil energy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, renewable energy sources account for only about 3.86% of the total Korea primary energy supply. To increase the rate of renewable energy in Korea’s energy consumption, various policies for expanding the use of renewable energy should be applied. Also these policies should be consider renewable energy resources distribution and regional inequality. In this study, the potentials of photovoltaic, wind power and bioenergy from rice straw, livestock waste and food waste are calculated and the distribution characteristic and regional inequalities are analyzed using Gini’s coefficient and Gini decomposition method. As the results, technical potentials of photovoltaic and wind power of city region(Gu) has more potential rate than theoretical potentials. Livestock waste has the most unequal distribution (Gini’s coefficient: 0.617) among renewable resources.

발생 폐목재는 점진적으로 증가하고 있으나 국내 낮은 재활용 기술 수준과 관리체계가 미흡하여 적절한 분리, 수집이 이루어지지 않고 일부만 재활용 한 후 버려지는 문제점이 있으며 혼합폐기물의 형태로 발생하여 불법 매립 및 소각에 의하여 처리되고 있는 실정이다. 단순 소각 보조재로 사용하고 있는 폐목재를 에너지 회수에 가치가 있는 대상으로 하여, 물리･화학적 성상을 조사하여 2차 환경오염 유발에 대한 기초 조사와 에너지화시설 설치 등의 방안을 제안하는 것이 연구의 시작점이다. 대전광역시에서 발생하는 폐목재의 발생량 및 성상을 분석하고 이를 통하여 안정적인 처리 방안과 다방면의 활용 방안, 그리고 가연성 폐자원 에너지 회수 방안을 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 도출할 수 있다. 첫 번째, 대전광역시 내 발생되는 폐목재는 평균 약 40톤/일로 발생되며 발생원에서 1차적으로 각 구에서 운영하는 재활용 센터로 반입되어 1차적 재활용 및 간이 파쇄를 거쳐 남은 폐목재는 구분 없이 최종 처리장인 폐목재 파쇄장으로 반입되어 처리 된다. 두 번째, 폐목재 파쇄장에서 파쇄 후 야적된 폐목재를 채취하여 분석한 결과 수분 전체 평균 13.3%, 가연분 80.0%, 회분 6.7%로 나타났으며 원소분석 결과 C 46.3%, H 5.8%, O 36.5%, N 2.1%, S 0.1%, Cl 0.3%로 나타났다. 세 번째, 폐기물 내 중금속 분석을 시행한 결과 전체 평균 Hg 0.1mg/kg, Cd 0.1mg/kg, Pb 3.9mg/kg, As 1.4mg/kg, Cr 5.1mg/kg으로 분석되어 중금속 용출 등에 대한 우려는 발생하지 않는 것으로 판단된다. 네 번째, 발생 폐목재에 대한 저위 발열량 분석을 수행한 결과 이론적 저위발열량은 전체 평균 3,860kcal/kg으로 분석되었으며, 열량계 측정 결과 3,955kcal/kg으로 분석되었다. 이론적 발열량과 열량계 측정 결과의 차이는 약 100kcal/kg으로 채취된 시료의 수분함량의 변화에 따라 다소 차이가 나타난 것으로 사료된다. 발생 폐목재의 특성과 대전광역시 내 발생되는 폐목재의 특성을 고려한 분석 결과를 기준으로 폐목재만을 처리하는 전용 보일러 설치로 여열 회수 등의 에너지화 방법을 통하여 처리 효율 및 경제성 등이 적절하다고 사료된다.

The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy is now placing emphasis on the importance of a new and renewable energy resource map service as an essential means of promoting the dissemination and adoption of renewable energy and other related industrial activities. To raise satisfaction with the new and renewable energy resource map service and promote its utilization, a survey was conducted on a sample group with an academic research background, i.e. employees of the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) who have a thorough understanding of the technological concepts behind the new and renewable energy resource map. Statistical analysis of the survey results showed a high level of overall satisfaction with the web service for the new and renewable energy resource map. Therefore, it was concluded that the development of practical contents rather than the enhancement of web service convenience is required. A statistically significant trend was also observed whereby, the longer the professional career of the survey respondents, the greater their perception and utilization of, and satisfaction with, the enhanced service, which indicates that their level of understanding and utilization of technological concepts corresponds to their research experience record. In addition, the results obtained from the questionnaires regarding the evaluation of the utilization value of the resource map service indicated that use of the service was equally high in terms of political, business and academic applications. The results confirmed the need to develop multidimensional resource map contents that can be applied to as many fields as possible, rather than focusing on a specific terrain.

The whole world concentrates on the reduction of greenhouse gas to effectively cope with policy toward global climate change. To effectively react to climate change, even the agricultural sector requires construction of new farming systems that utilizes new and renewable energy because of rising oil prices and regulations for greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, we need to fuse the new and renewable energy with the horticulture sector of which the light and heat energy cost accounts for great part, moreover, efforts and researches should me done which can increase income of farmers through reducing carbon dioxide and energy cost in agricultural production expenses. Therefore, this study analyzes economic feasibility and applicability of fusing geothermal heat pump and solar power facilities with high-tech glass greenhouse. As a result, it is concluded that there surely are an applicability and economic feasibility if we apply new development system that can be an alternative for problems of securing premises of existing geothermal heat pump and the RPS system as a power generation company in case of solar power. Therefore, using this analysis data, if new empirical studies fusing and implementing agriculture sector with new and renewable energy fields proliferate and be applied to actual rural and agricultural field, it will increase actual income and will become a new advanced agricultural system that effectively deals with world-wide environmental problems.

This study analyzed the effect of Greenhouse of wood pellet fuel conversing from Diesel. Analyzed through a life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions of carbon dioxide for the environmental assessment, In evaluation of the Ministry of the Environment, analyzed through the life cycle assessment of carbon dioxide emissions of the greenhouse gas and, In the case of economic evaluation, we analyzed the investment payback period to the total revenue generated by each of the calculated incentive based on the RHI and institutions reduction projects a reduction of costs associated with the reduction of fuel costs.

우리나라는 에너지의 97%를 수입하고 있어 에너지 의존도가 매우 높으나 폐기물의 발생량은 점차 증가하고 있어 효율적인 처리방안 강구가 시급한 실정이며 폐기물 에너지화 기술의 발전 및 증가추세 등을 감안할 때 그 중요성이 점차 증가하고 있다. 과거 폐기물 연료인 폐기물 고형연료(RDF), 폐플라스틱 고형연료(RPF) 폐목재(WCF), 폐타이어(TDF) 등으로 세분화되어 폐기물 운송에 따른 비산먼지와 제조 시 보관처리에 따른 악취 및 오염 또는 고형연료 연소 시 대기오염에 따른 다이옥신, 중금속 문제 등으로 사용 및 품질기준이 엄격히 제한되는 동시에, 낮은 효율 및 과다한 예산 등의 문제로 인해 연료로 사용하는데 많은 제약이 따르고 있다. 그러나 2013년 4월부터 모든 폐기물재활용 연료를 일반 SRF(Solid Recovery Fuel)와 바이오 SRF로 이분화하여 품질등급기준이 완화되었다. 그러므로 단순소각, 연료화, 물질 재활용 등 사용량에 급격한 증가가 예상되므로 전국 주요도시에서 발생하는 폐목재의 SRF로써의 잠재성을 평가하여 활용가능성을 진단하는 역할이 시급하다고 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대전광역시에서 발생되는 폐목재의 에너지화를 통한 잠재력 분석 및 활용가능성 그에 따른 경제성을 평가하여 RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standard) 정책에 부응하는데 그 목적이 있다. 대전광역시에서 발생되는 폐목재는 임시보관장에서 해체작업을 거쳐 금고동 위생매립장의 폐목재 파쇄장에서 파쇄처리 후 음식물 퇴비화 수분조절제(톱밥) 및 소각장의 보조연료로 사용되고 있다. 이러한 용도로 사용되고 있는 대전광역시 내 폐목재에 대한 삼성분, 중금속 용출시험, 원소분석, 발열량분석 등을 통하여 대전광역시에서 발생하는 대형폐기물의 SRF적합성을 평가한 결과 수분함량이 평균 13.4wt.%로 성형품의 기준10 wt.% 이하를 초과하는 문제가 예상되나 임목폐기물(17.5 wt.%)를 제외하고 폐목재와 가구류만의 평균 11.35 wt.%로 충분한 시간 보관하여 자연건조 한다면 수분량이 기준이하로 감소 될 것으로 판단되고, 중금속, 원소분석, 발열량 검사결과 SRF기준에 부합하여 고형연료제품으로의 사용이 가능 할 것으로 사료된다. 이와 같은 대전광역시 발생 폐목재를 이용한 SRF를 이용하여 RDF 전용발전소･신형폐기물소각･신일동소각로의 발전효율을 비교한 결과 RDF 전용발전소 > 신일동소각로 > 신형폐기물소각순으로 절감효과를 기대할 수 있으나 “설치비용과 운전관리비용 등을 고려할 때 SRF를 제조하고 열에너지 이용을 위해 새롭게 전용보일러를 설치하는 것보다 기존 대형소각로를 대상으로 에너지 회수 효율을 높이거나 발전설비를 부착･보완하는 방안의 검토와 아울러 민간기업에 위탁하여 RDF 전용발전에의한 에너지를 절감 하는 것이 바람직하다”판단된다.

최근 신재생에너지 혼합의무화제도인 RPS제도가 2012년부터 시행됨에 따라 의무이행을 위한 태양광, 풍력, 연료전지 등 다양한 신재생에너지의 보급 활성화 추세이다. 하지만 인프라 구축 초기비용 및 민원 등으로 인해 많은 제약이 따라 의무이행에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 최근 국내 기존 중유 발전설비 인프라의 활용이 가능한 중유 대체 바이오연료인 바이오중유의 상용화를 위한 종합적인 연구가 ‘14년 1월부터 수행되고 있다. 이 연구 사업에는 ｢석유 및 석유대체연료사업법｣의 고시에 의한 시범보급사업을 포함하고 있다. 바이오중유는 중유대체연료로서 가격경쟁력 확보를 위하여 저렴한 바이오디젤 생산 공정 및 식용오일 추출 공정 부산물, 팜유 생산 부산물, 동물성유지 등을 혼합 사용하고 있으며, 현재 15개사가 바이오중유 생산업자로 등록되어 있으며, 4개 발전사 및 지역난방공사가 발전사업자로 참여하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 바이오중유의 안정적인 보급을 위해 성능, 안전, 환경 등을 감안한 품질기준에 대한 검토사항과 최근 이슈되고 있는 바이오중유의 품질기준 항목(동점도, 금속함량, 유동점 등)에 대해 다루고자 한다.

We are now currently facing serious climate changes such as super typhoon, flood, intense heat, severe cold, super hurricane, drought, desertification, destruction of ecosystem, marine pollution, reduction of food production, destruction of tropical forests, exhaustion of water resources, climate refugees, etc. All of the above mainly derive from greenhouse gas exhaustion. Such harmful consequence might directly affect mankind’s sustainable development. If we keep using resources that emits greenhouse gases, the global temperature will rise about 3.2℃ by year 2050. In case of 3℃ rise in temperature, it will result in abnormal climate which will bring about severe property damage. Moreover, 20~50% of the ecosystem will become extinct. As Korea’s economy increasingly expands, so do our energy consumption rises. And because of the consequences that can be driven by increasing rate of resource use, not just Korea itself, but also the whole world should seriously concern about greenhouse gases. Although agricultural division only takes up about 3.2% of total greenhouse gas emission, the ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs are taking voluntary actions to gradually reduce CO2 and so does each and every related organizations. In order to reduce CO2, introduction of new and renewable energy in farm house warming is crucial. In other words, implementing wood-pellet boiler and geothermal heat boiler can largly reduce CO2 emission compared to diesel boiler. More importantly, not only wood-pellet and geothermal heat is pollution-free but they also have economic advantages somewhat. In this thesis, the economic advantage and sustainablity will be introduced and proved through comparing practical analysis of surveyed farm house under structure employing wood-pellet boiler and geothermal heat boiler with Agriculture-Economic Statistic of 2012 who uses diesel boiler.

In this study, RPS system, one of the renewable energy support systems, is utilized for economic analysis of solar generation equipment and the fuel cost savings plan for controlled horticulture farms with high fuel-cost dependency and facility applicability were evaluated. On the exterior of the upper layer of glass greenhouse (9917m2) of controlled horticulture farms using bunker C oil, half of the area (4958m2) was utilized for theoretical installation and operation of 450kW-level solar power generator, and as the result, first, the effect of investment cost only of solar generation system was found to be quite excellent, but it was analyzed that there were limits to saving the fuel costs of the controlled horticulture farms. Second, when geothermal system was first introduced in the farm and solar system was additionally introduced, it was analyzed that the effect of introducing solar system was excellent. In order to apply such effects to the sites of farming, partial supplementation of RPS system which is being uniformly applied regardless of the purpose of renewable energy is necessary. When the subject of use directly install facilities where it is directly connected to national added-value such as food security created by the farming industry, it is necessary to introduce appropriate system that corresponds to such. Moreover, it was studied that the quick development of demonstrative complex that can practically evaluate the applicability of renewable energy in farming industry and interest and preparation of related institutions in financial support structure for its site application would lead to success.