This study was conducted to evaluate growth characteristics, yield and feed value of newly developed domestic teosinte (Geukdong 6) compared to widely cultivated silage corn hybrid (31N27) and sorghum × sudangrass hybrid (P877F). Geukdong 6, a new single cross (Teosinte × Suwon 19) variety, is a teosinte (Zea may L. ssp. maxicana) developed by the Geukdong 6 of agricultural company corporation (GACC) in An-dong province. This field experiment was designed in a randomized block design with three replications and consisted of silage corn (T1), sorghum x sudangrass hybrid (T2) and Geukdong 6 (T3). Leaf length, number of leaves, number of tillers and fresh yield of T3 were higher than that of T1 and T2 (p<0.05). Dry matter yield of T3 was lower than that of T1 (p<0.05). In particular, T3 (0.1 kg/cm2) showed to be very tender compared to other T1 (0.5 kg/cm2) and T2 (0.5 kg/cm2), (p<0.05). The crude protein content of T3 as 8.25% was higher than that of T2 (5.90%), (p<0.05). However, there was no significant differences between T1 (8.14%). The brix degree of T2 was higher than that of T1 and T3 (p<0.05). T3 showed higher content of total minerals compared to T1 and T2 (p<0.05). The relative palatability of T3 was higher than T1 and T2 (p<0.05), when fed to deer as soiling crop. However, it showed a lower than T1 in Korean native cattle and korean native goats. The relative palatability of the silage shown in order of T1> T3> T2 in korean native cattle, spotted deer, and korean native goats. As mentioned above the results, Geukdong 6 (T3) could be recommended as using of soiling and lab silage, when high fresh yield, tender stem, number of many leaf, content of high crude protein, and palatability higher than sorghum × sudangrass hybrid were considered.

전 세계적으로 인구가 증가함에 따라 유전자변형(GeneticallyModified; GM) 작물의 생산 역시 가파르게 상승하고 있다.국내에서 GM 작물의 재배가 아직까지는 승인된 바가 없지만식품, 사료, 가공용으로 많은 양이 수입되고 있다. 1. 결과적으로 GMO의 수입이 매년 증가하여 수송과정이나가공과정에서 비의도적인 방출이 발생하며, 주변환경에서 자라고 있는 일반 재배품종으로의 유전자이동 등 국내 자연환경에 미칠 수 있는 영향이 우려되고 있다. 2. GM 작물 중 우리나라에 가장 많은 양이 수입되는 GM옥수수의 비의도적인 방출을 확인하기 위해 2009년 7월부터9월까지 국내 곡물항구와 사료공장을 중심으로 모니터링을 수행하였다. 3. 조사는 주로 개방된 항구의 곡물저장고 지역과 사료공장으로 가는 수송경로에서 옥수수 종자와 자라고 있는 옥수수식물체를 수집하여 진행되었다. 4. PCR 분석을 통해 14개의 GM 옥수수 식물체와 수집된종자를 발아시켜 얻은 식물체 샘플 26개에서 GM 옥수수 유전자가 발견되었다. 5. 낙곡에 의한 GM 옥수수 종자의 유출이나 식물체가 자연환경에서 자라고 있는 것이 우리나라의 생태계에 어떠한 영향을 줄지 예측하기는 어렵지만, 법적으로 GMO를 철저히 관리하도록 되어 있으며, 사회적으로도 수입 GMO를 안전하게 관리하고 있다는 인식을 높이기 위해 주기적인 GMO의 모니터링이 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

등숙 시기와 이삭 내 위치에 따른 과피 두께 및 립중의 변화를 조사 이들 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 등숙 시기별 과피 두께의 변화는 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 과피 두께는 수정 후 18일 전에 결정되는 것으로 판단되며 식미가 우수한 찰옥수수 품종 육성을 위한 과피 두께 조사는 풋이삭 수확 적기뿐 만 아니라 이 그 후에 실시하여도 풋이삭 수확 적기와 동일한 관측치를 획득할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다. 립중은 최초 조사기인 수정 후 18일에서부터 계속 증가하다가 35일경 이후 부터는 비슷한 무게를 유지하였으며 등숙 시기별 과피 두께의 변화와는 통계적 상관 관계가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 전분 축적과 종자의 성숙을 통한 종자 부피의 증가와 과피 두께 변화는 서로 연관성이 없는 것으로 판단된다. 이삭 내 위치에 따라 하부에서 상부로 갈수록 과피 두께 및 립중의 평균은 감소하는 경향이었으며 이들의 표준편차는 중앙부에서 안정되고 작게 조사되었다. 또한 이삭 내 위치에 따른 과피 두께 및 립중의 평균간에는 두 품종 모두 정의 상관 관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 이로서 찰옥수수 품종 육성과정에서 과피 두께를 위한 시료의 채취는 이삭 중앙부로부터 샘플을 취하는 것이 변이가 적고 평균적인 관측치를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This research was carried out in a farm situated in Malkara District of Tekirdag Province (Turkey) in 1994-95, and the effect of genotype and environmental conditions on some characters and variations of these characters in terms of silage yield in 8 dent corn varieties were determined. The results of this research showed that leaf weight, stem diameter, and silage yield had a low broad sense heritability while the number of leaves per plant had a high heritability. Yield performance of varieties varied to a significant degree because of variations in rainfall rate during the growing periods. Leaf number, silage yield, leaf weight, stem diameter, plant height and ear weight varied between 13.33-17.33 number, 8,443-11,114 ton/hec, 152.8-244.2 g, 2,615-2,965 cm, 216.5-252.5 g and 176.2-285.8 g, respectively.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of antagonistic microorganism, Bacillus subtilis, on the growth of forage seedlings in repeated cultivation soils and unrepeated cultivation soils. The field experiment was wnducted in pots in a vinyl hou

The corn is one of the most important forage crop in Korea. The harvest time for silage affects dry matter (DM) yield and silage quality. This study was carried out to determine the effect of harvest time on the DM yield and nutritive value of corn forage

Tall fesuce 9 개 품종을 공시하여 가을철 예취시기를 달리했을 때 l 번초의 수량구성요소와 개체중에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 가을철 최종예취시기를 추정하고 이 지역의 환경조건에 적응성이 높은 품종 을 선발하려고 하였다. l. 가을철 예취시기에 따라서 l 번초의 개체중에 관여하는 수량구성요소의 차이가 인정되었는데 의 l 번초 개체중은 출수관련형질들과 유의한 정상관이 인정되었으나 의 1 번초 개체중에서는 유의한 상관이 인정되지 않았다. 2. 에서는

GA25, 50ppm과 BA100, 200ppm을 옥수수 종자(種子)에 처리(處理)하여 발아율(發芽率) 및 호흡량(呼吸量)과 배유양분(胚乳養分)인 환원당(還元糖), 전당(全糖), 조단백질(粗蛋白質)의 이동(移動)에 대(對)하여 구명(究明)하고자 행(行)한 실험(實驗)에서 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 초기(初期)의 발아율(發芽率)은 GA 25ppm구(區)가 가장 높았고 BA 200ppm구(區)가 가장 낮았다. 중후기(中後期)의 발아율(發芽率)은 각(各) 처리구간(處理區間)의 차(差)가 크게 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 2. 호흡량(呼吸量)은 각구(各區) 공(共)히 발아(發芽)와 병행하여 현저히 증가(增加)되었으나 처리구(處理區)가 Control에 비(比)해 Q 가 낮고 특히 BA 200ppm구(區)가 현저하게 낮은 경향(傾向)임을 알수 있었다. 3. 배(胚)와 배유중(胚乳中)의 환원당(還元糖)과 전당(全糖)의 양(量)은 각구(各區) 공(共)히 경시적(經時的)으로 현저히 증가(增加)되나 BA 처리구(處理區)가 무처리구(無處理區)와 GA처리구(處理區)에 비(比)하여 증가율(增加率)이 낮음을 인정(認定)할 수 있었다. 4. 발아중(發芽中) 종자(種子)의 조단백질량(粗蛋白質量)은 각구(各區) 공(共)히 경시적(經時的)으로 배부(胚部)에서는 증가(增加)되고 배유부(胚乳部)에서는 감소(減少)되며 그 정도(程度)는 GA 25pppm 처리구(處理區)가 가장 현저하고 BA 200ppm처리구(處理區)의 소장(消長)이 가장 적었다.

Although corn is regarded as the most feasible forage corp, its relatively low content of protein is the critical we a kness for animal feeding. Many researches have been carried out to improve protein level in corn forage, however, there are no indicatab

This experiment was carried out to compare chemical composition, TDN yield of corn-soybean intercropping and corn monocropping forage plants at different harvesting time and obtained the following results. 1. In both cropping systems, the content of chemi

The growth characteristics and yield per unit area of two cropping systems, corn monoculture and 'wrnsoybean intercropping, were compared and the obtained results were as follows; 1.The two cultivation systems were not significantly different in leaf leng

This experiment was carried out to compare chemical composition of corn-cowpea intercropping and corn monocropping plants at different harvesting time and obtained the following results. 1. In both cropping systems, the contents of crude fat and nitrogen

The experiment was conducted to study on the physiology of developing embryo and endosperm degradation during germination of Zea mays seeds treated with GA 20 and B-Nine 5000 ppm. Data obtained can be summerized as follows : 1. Swelling of seminal root increased the section of GA treatment more or less, on the other hand, the section of B-9 treatment inhibited slightly. 2. According to elapsing of seeding date, epithelial cell of Scutellum expansed in size, and the space of cell increased, that degree was enlarged as follows ; the section of GA, the section of Control, and the section of B-9. 3. According to the elapsing of seeding date, the formation of vascular organization embryo became clearer little by little, the lignification of vascular B-9 treatment section rather higher than the other section. 4. The degradation of Starch Grain is composed of near part of epithelial cell of Scutellum, the shape of degradation radiate from element of a disk shape, and the speed of degradation is the section of GA, the section of Control, the section of B-9 in turn.

This experiment was carried out to compare chemical composition of corn-cowpea inter cropping and corn monocropping plants at different harvestion time and obtained the following results. 1. In both cropping systems, the contents of crude fat and nitrogen

The growth characteristics and yield per unit area of two cultivation systems of forage, corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture and corn-cowpea (Vigna sinesis King) inter-cropping were compared and obtained follow results. 1. The two cultivation systems were not

This study was conducted to compare changes of total carotenoid contents and antioxidant activities in yellow waxy corns (Zea mays L.) depending on harvest time. The total carotenoid contents of yellow waxy inbred lines and hybrids increased from 19 days and then the highest content of total carotenoid contents was observed at 25 to 27 days after pollination. Thereafter, there was little change in total carotenoid contents. According to analysis total content of carotenoids on 23 days after pollination, which was the period of harvesting waxy corn, KY2 was the highest as 15.4 ㎍/g in inbred lines and KY2/KY39 was the hightest as 11.2 ㎍/g in hybrids, respectively. The total carotenoid contents of each hybrid were higher than mean that of their parent lines except for some hybrids. The total carotenoid contents of KY27/KY37 were significantly higher than those of their parental lines. Antioxidant activity of yellow waxy corn showed a tendency to increase after decrease depending on delaying harvesting time. Antioxidant activities of hybrids were higher than that of inbred lines. As a result of correlation analysis between total carotenoid contents and antioxidant activity, correlation coefficient of inbred lines and hybrids was as low as -0.12 and -0.13, respectively. When the harvest time was delayed, the lightness of yellow waxy corn decreased but the redness and yellowness increased. As a result of correlation analysis between Hunter’s Lab value and total carotenoid contents, correlation coefficient of lightness, redness and yellowness were -0.22, 0.67, 0.53, respectively.

The objective of this study was to find a rapid determination of the hot air stress in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves using a portable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging instrument. To assess the photosynthetic activity of maize leaves, an imaging analysis of the photochemical responses of maize was performed with chlorophyll fluorescence camera. The observed chlorophyll imaging photos were numerically transformed to the photochemical parameters on the basis of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging (CFI) method showed that a rapid decrease in maximum fluorescence intensity (Fm) of leaf occurred under hot air stress. Although no change was observed in the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of the hot air stressed maize leaves, the other photochemical parameters such as maximum fluorescence intensity (Fm) and Maximum fluorescence value (Fp) were relatively lowered after hot air stress. In hot air stressed maize leaves, an increase was observed in the nonphotoquenching (NPQ) and decrease in the effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in photosystem II (Φ PSII). Thus, NPQ and ΦPSII were available to be determined non-destructively in maize leaves under hot air stress. Our results clearly indicated that the hot air could be a source of stress in maize leaves. Thus, the CFI analysis along with its related parameters can be used as a rapid indicating technique for the determining hot air stress in plants.

In monsoon climates, persistent shade is a troublesome weather condition with an impact on the growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L.). We imposed 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of consecutive shade (CS) on Gwangpyeongok and P3394 corn hybrids at the beginning of the kernel filling stages. Shade had little impact on leaf area and dry matter accumulation in the stem and leaves. However, dry matter accumulation in the ear was severely reduced by approximately 28% and 53% after 14 and 28 days of CS, respectively. For the components of grain yield, 7 and 14 days of shade did irreparable damage to the number of filled kernels, the kernel number per ear row, and the percent of filled kernels, but did little damage or reversible damage after removal of the shade to the 100-grain weight and the row number per ear. Shade significantly reduced the relative growth rate (RGR) due to a decrease in the net assimilation rate (NAR). These results suggest that source activity limitation by shade during the kernel filling stages leads to the inhibition of sink activity and size. The yield of biomass, ear, and grain logistically declined as the length of CS increased. Probit analysis revealed that the number of days of CS needed to cause 25% and 50% reductions in grain yield were 3.7 and 23.1, respectively. These results suggest that the plant yield loss induced by shade at the beginning of the kernel filling stages is mainly achieved within the first 7 days of consecutive shade.

We investigated the antioxidative and protective effects of corn silk (Zea mays L.) ethanol extracts on human HaCaT cells and erythrocytes. The NICS-2 fraction, extracted from corn silk, exhibited favorable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities with IC50valuesof13.3± 0.3 μg/mL and 14.2 ± 0.1 μg/mL when compared with those of α-tocopherol, a positive control, with IC50=10.4± 02.2 and 22.2 ± 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, we investigated skin protection effects of NICS extracts of corn silk in HaCaT keratinocytes. To investigate the pharmacological potential of NICS-1 and NICS-2 extracts of corn silk on UV-B-induced damage in HaCaT cells, we measured the activity of interleukin (IL) 1a. Our results showed that all the corn silk extracts inhibited the UV-B-induced activity of IL-1a. In particular, NICS-1 extracts of corn silk significantly suppressed IL-1a activity in a dose-dependent manner without inducing cytotoxicity. These results indicate that the ethanol extracts of corn silk (Zea mays L.) could function as natural cytoprotective agents and antioxidants in biological systems, particularly the skin exposed to UV radiation, by protecting cellular membrane against reactive oxygen species (ROS).