The decommissioning of the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is a long-term project of more than 15 years and will be carried out as a project, which will require project management skills accordingly. The risk of decommissioning project is a combination of many factors such as the decommissioning plan, the matters licensed by the regulatory agency, the design and implementation of dismantling, the dismantling plan and organization, and stakeholders. There will be some difficulties in risk management because key assumptions about many factors and the contents of major risks should be well considered. Risk management typically performs a series of processes ranging from identification and analysis to evaluation. In order to analyze and evaluate risks here, identification of potential risks is the first step, and in order to reasonably select potential risks, various factors mentioned should be considered. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify possible risks that should be considered for the decommissioning project in various aspects. The risk of the decommissioning project can be defined using the hazard keyword, and the risk family presented in the IAEA safety series can also be referred. It would be better to approach the radiological or non-radiological risks that may occur in the dismantling work with the hazard keyword, and if the characteristics of the decommissioning project are reflected, it would be a good idea to approach it on a risk family basis. There are 10 top risks in the risk family, 25 risks at the level 2 and 61 risks at the level 3 are presented. It may be complex to consider these hazards and risks recommended as risk families at the same time, so using the results of safety evaluation as input data for risk identification can be a reasonable approach. Therefore, this study intended to derive the possible risks of the decommissioning project based on the risk family structure. At this point, the reflection of the safety assessment results was intended to be materialized by considering the hazards checklist. As a result, this study defined and example of 38 possible risks for the decommissioning project, considering the 10 top risk family and lower level risk categories. This result is not finalized, and it will be necessary to further strengthened through expert workshops or HAZOP in the future.

본 논문에서는 정부 기업지원 사업이 기업성장에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 정부지원 활동에 성장단계를 조절 변수로 활용하여 기업의 재무적 성과 또는 비재무적 성과에 미치는 영향을 실증분석하였다. 그 결과 정부 기업 지원은 재무적 성과, 비재무적 성과, 정부지원 활용에 유의적 영향을 미쳤 으며, 성장단계의 조절 효과의 경우 재무적 성과 및 비재무적 성과 모두에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석 되었다. 연구결과를 종합하면, 정부 기업지원은 기업의 성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치며, 성장단계는 재무적 성과 및 비재무적 성과 모두에 정(+)의 효과가 있으며, 재무적 성과에 미치는 영향이 더욱 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이에 각 기업의 성장단계에 맞추어 정부 지원사업을 지원하여야 하며, 그중 쇠퇴기에 기업은 산업분야 및 기업분석을 통하여 기업의 상태에 맞추어 지원하는 맞춤형 지원을 수행할 필요가 있으며 정부 기업지원 사업의 효율성을 개선하는데 의미가 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) is the biodiversity working group of the Arctic Council. CAFF conducts Monitoring, Assessment, Policy, and expert group activities to preserve Arctic biodiversity and ensure the sustainability of biological resources and communicates the results to governments and indigenous peoples. The main tasks of CAFF consist of monitoring (Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program), assessment (Arctic Biodiversity Assessment) and strategic projects (Arctic Migratory Bird Initiative, AMBI). Korea has been directly participating in the AMBI since 2015 after acquiring observer status of the Arctic Council in 2013. The AMBI aims to preserve habitats on migration routes used by breeding birds in the Arctic and prevent illegal hunting. Thus, observer countries on migratory routes are directly participating in the project. When selecting priorities for participation in Arctic cooperation projects by 2030, Korea should consider continuing participation in AMBI and participating in the “CAFF Youth Program” in connection with the Arctic Academy program operated by Korea’s public institutes.

As the environmental impacts of fossil fuel energy sources increase, the South Korean government has tried to change non-environmental- friendly enery sources to environmental-friendly energy sources in order to mitigate environmental effects, which lead to global warming and air pollution. With both a limited budget and limited time, it is essential to accurately evaluate the economic and environmental effects of renewable energy projects for the efficient and effective operation of renewable energy plants. Although the traditional economic evaluation methods are not ideal for evaluating the economic impacts of renewable energy projects, they can still be used for this purpose. Renewable energy projects involve many risks due to various uncertainties. For this reason, this study utilizes a real option method, the Geske compound model, to evaluate the renewable energy projects on Jeju Island in terms of economic and environmental values. This study has developed an economic evaluation model based on the Geske compound model to investigate the influences of flexibility and uncertainty factors on the evaluation process. This study further conducts a sensitivity analysis to examine how two uncertainty factors (namely, investment cost and wind energy production) influence the economic and environmental value of renewable energy projects.

The net present value (NPV) is generally used in accept-or-reject decisions in engineering projects. Although the internal rate of return (IRR) is a highly complex and arbitrary process, it can reach the same conclusion as the NPV criterion. However, neither the NPV nor the IRR indicates how much money should be invested and how much profit can be made from an investment during a project. In this study, based on the reasons why the NPV and IRR cannot correctly measure the profitability of an investment, the must-have profitability measurement characteristics of an engineering project are presented.

In order to cultivate manpower for the growth of future industries, it is necessary to develop an industry-academic-linked curriculum and a cross-curriculum beyond the existing traditional curriculum. Based on the theory acquired through the mixed curriculum of existing and industry-academic-linked curriculum, a curriculum that can analyze and solve the problems of resource circulation supply chain companies is developed to cultivate manpower suitable for future industries. The industry-academia-linked subject mixed project curriculum was designed asa basic theory, exploration, and problem-solving subject. The basic theory-related subject models and evaluates the current problems of resource circulation companies from the perspective of the supply chain in consideration of the supply chain necessary for the manufacturing process related to resource circulation. The search-related subject explores and evaluates field problems (difficulty technology) of companies related to resource circulation. Problem-solving-related subjects solve problems by applying methodologies to field problems of companies related to resource circulation. This curriculum was developed to model and solve problems through a complex perspective by developing an industry-academic-linked project curriculum and cross-subject development with other schools to solve complex field problems that need to be considered for the growth of future industries related to resource circulation. Through the continuous development of project subjects and cross-curriculars, we expect development in the field of manufacturing and supply chains for resource circulation by fostering talents suitable for the acceptance of companies.

Decommissioning waste is generated at all stages during the decommissioning of nuclear facilities, and various types of radioactive waste are generated in large quantities within a short period. Concrete is a major building material for nuclear facilities. It is mixed with aggregate, sand, and cement with water by the relevant mixing ratio and dried for a certain period. Currently, the proposed treatment method for volume reduction of radioactive concrete waste was involved thermomechanical and chemical treatment sequentially. The aggregate as non-radioactive materials is separated from cement components as contaminated sources of radionuclides. However, to commercialize the process established in the laboratory, it is necessary to evaluate the scale-up potential by using the unit equipment. In this study, bench-scale testing was performed to evaluate the scale-up properties of the thermomechanical and chemical treatment process, which consisted of three stages (1: Thermomechanical treatment, 2: Chemical treatment, 3: Wastewater treatment). In the first stage, lab, bench, and pilot scale thermomechanical tests were performed to evaluate the treated coarse aggregate and fines. In the second stage, the fine particles generated by the thermomechanical treatment process, were chemically treated using dissolution equipment, after then the removal efficiency and residual of cement in the small aggregate was compared with laboratory results. The final stage, the secondary wastewater containing contaminant nuclides was treated, and the contaminant nuclides could be removed by chemical precipitation method in the scale-up reactors. Furthermore, an additional study was required on the solid-liquid separation, which connected each part of the equipment. It was conducted to optimize the separation method for the characteristics of the particles to be separated and the purpose of separation. Therefore, it is expected that the basic engineering data for commercialization was collected by this study.

For the smooth implementation and success of smart city projects, it is necessary to recognize that there is a difference in the perception of value judgments or strategic goals among major stakeholders in the planning process. And it is necessary to aim the values and goals of smart cities through reconciliation of these differences. The two major stakeholders in the smart city development project are citizens group and government officials group. Government officials are in charge of establishing and implementing policies for smart city projects, and their value judgments and perceptions influence the policy direction. In these respects, government officials can be an important stakeholder group. Citizens are a group that includes ordinary residents and business owners who live in smart cities and are the ultimate users of infrastructure and facilities. This study investigated the importance perceptions of citizens and government officials, who are the major stakeholders, about the core values and strategic goals that the smart city project aims. Responses were collected using a structured questionnaire to which the AHP methodology was applied. And the priority of perceptions for constituent items was compared for each stakeholder group. Through the comparative analysis results, it was empirically confirmed that there is a difference in the values and goals pursued by the smart city project between stakeholder groups. As an empirical study on the stakeholders of the smart city project, this study is meaningful in contributing to the theoretical development in that it suggests that the conceptual structural model of the smart city strategy system presented in previous studies can be applied in practice.

본 연구과제는 아시아지역 AFACI(Asian Food & Agriculture Cooperation Initiative) 회원 13개국을 대상으로 토마토 또는 고추 품종육성 기술을 지원하기 위해 수행 되었다. AFACI 회원국 별 채소 육종 및 종자 생산, 가공, 유통 기술 수준 차이가 크다. 라오스, 미얀마, 캄보디아 등의 회원국에서는 자가 종자 생산이 어려워 필 요 종자의 70~80%를 다른 나라에서 수입하여 활용하고 있다. AFACI 회원국들의 자가 종자 생산기술 향상을 통한 자체 종자 생산을 지원하기 위해 회원국들의 요 청을 받아 고추 또는 토마토 작목의 품종육성 기술지원을 수행하였다. 회원국에서 보유하고 있는 다양한 재래종 자원들의 수집, 평가 및 선발과 세계채소센터에서 육성한 자원들을 공급받아 육종 재료로 활용하였다. 본 과제는 2019년 11월부터 2022년 10월까지 1단계 과정을 통해 회원국별로 다양한 성과들을 창출하고 있다. 효율적인 기술지원을 위해 세계채소센터 전문가들을 활용하여 육종 기술과 재료 들을 공급하였다. 2단계에서는 1단계에서 확보된 다양한 자원들을 활용한 우수 고 정종 품종 등록과 일대잡종 품종육성 기술을 지원할 계획이다. 육성된 품종들은 국가별 품종 등록 절차에 따라 품종보호출원 및 농가 보급을 추진할 계획이다. 1 단계에서는 코로나 19로 인한 대면 교육이 불가능하여 국내 종자회사들과의 소통 이 어려웠다. 하지만 2단계에서는 대면 교육 기회를 확대하고, 국내 채소 종자 업 체와 회원국의 연구원들 간의 소통을 확대하여 국내 종자 기업들의 해외 진출에 도 기여 할 수 있도록 노력할 계획이다.

Power generation construction projects involving large amounts of capital can affect the survival of a company along with huge economic losses in the event of a business failure. In general, private companies are organizations with challenging risk taking tendencies while public companies have a risk averse tendency to avoid risk, so these differences in organizational tendencies make it difficult to respond to risk. In particular, public companies are more likely to fail than private companies because they choose the contradiction of risk picking to enter overseas markets with high uncertainty despite their tendency to risk averse due to the nature of the organization. Therefore, these organizations need risk management techniques that reflect a risk-averse strategy. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the risk management research papers of the existing overseas development EPC business in order to find the risk management techniques related to the organizational tendencies of public companies and proposes “establishing a performance audit system for risk management of the organizational tendencies of public companies” as a way to extract the risk factors through the examples of overseas development projects of public companies and to manage the organizational tendencies of public companies that affect them.

Military aircraft R&D projects require large-scale investment in cost and time, and involve a complex coordination process in decision-making. The R&D project manager should determine the development management priorities as accurately as possible and focus on R&D capabilities, thereby reducing the risks of the aircraft R&D project. To this end, this study aims to reduce R&D risk by prioritizing cost, schedule, and performance, which are basic management factors used in R&D project management in defense project management regulations. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied using a questionnaire for managers in charge of aviation R&D under the Defense Acquisition Program Administration. As a primary result, the importance of the factors that the aircraft R&D project manager should consider was derived in the order of performance, cost, and schedule, and the priorities of performance and cost in the lower layer were also identified. In addition, in order to provide practical risk management measures to aircraft R&D project managers, the results of analyzing 28 cases of US National Transportation Safety Board accidents were compared and analyzed with the AHP analysis results, and management measures suitable for the situation were specified.

이 연구는 생태복원을 하는 데 있어서 식물종을 사용하는 현황을 파악하는 것이 주된 목적이다. 이를 위해서 최근 6년간 수행된 생태계보전협력금 반환사업 58개소에 대한 식재 도면을 수집하여 분석하였다. 식재한 식물의 분석은 준공 및 설계도면을 이용하여 전체 선정 현황과 함께 성상별, 규격별, 식생 기후대별, 육상 및 습지의 서식처별, 자생식물과 재배식물로 구분하여 빈도분석을 하였다. 조사 및 분석 과정에서 식물 이름이 잘못된 경우가 많아서 이에 대한 분석도 함께 실시하였다. 58개 대상지에서 식재에 사용한 식물은 282 분류군이었으며, 교목류는 91종, 관목류는 69종, 만경목 11종, 초본류는 111종으로 나타났다. 전체적으로 가장 많이 사용한 식물종은 조팝나무, 팥배나무, 상수리나무, 잔디, 좀작살나무와 병꽃나무 순으로 나타났다. 교목 중에서는 팥배나무, 상수리나무, 이팝나무, 느티나무, 산수유 순이었으며, 관목류는 조팝나무, 병꽃나무, 좀작살나무, 산철쭉, 화살나무 순이었다. 초본류는 잔디, 구절초, 벌개미취, 물억새, 수크령 순이었다. 식생기후대별 분석에서는 온대중부산림대와 난대수림대 모두에서 조팝나무, 좀작살나무 순으로 많이 사용되었 는데, 이러한 패턴은 기후대별 특성을 반영하지 못한 것으로 판단하였다. 서식처별 분석 결과, 습지에서는 물억새와 털부처꽃이 가장 많이 사용되었다. 특히 자생식물과 재배식물의 선정 비율이 76% 대 24%로 재배식물의 선정 비율도 높게 나타났다. 또한 도면에 적시된 식물명은 국가표준식물목록 및 국가생물종목록에 나타나지 않는 보통명을 많이 사용하고 있었는데, 앞으로 식물명에 대한 올바른 사용이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 생태복원을 위한 식재 식물의 사용과 관련해서는 선정 식물의 다양화와 함께 기후대의 특성을 고려한 식물 선정, 생태복원에 사용하는 식물 규격을 낮추는 접근 방법이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 습지식물의 경우에는 생태적 특성을 충분히 이해한 접근이 중요했고, 자생식물 중심의 식물 선정을 위해 재배식물 사용 비율을 최소화하는 것들이 필요한 과제로 나타났다.

Scientific and technological performances (e.g., patents and publications) made through R&D play a pivotal role for national economic growth. National governments encourage academia-industry cooperation and thereby pursue continuous development of science technology and innovation. Increasing R&D-related investments and manpower are crucial for national industrial development, but evidence of poor performance in business performance, efficiency, and effectiveness has recently been found in Korea. This study evaluates performance efficiency of the 6T sector (Information Technology, Bio Technology, Nano Technology, Space Technology, Environment Technology, Culture Technology), which is considered a high-potential promising industry for the next generation growth and currently occupies two thirds of the national R&D projects. The study measures the relative efficiency of R&D in a comparative perspective by employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The result reveals overall low efficiency in basic R&D (0.2112), applied R&D (0.2083), development R&D (0.2638), and others (0.0641), confirming that economic performance and efficiency were relatively poor compared to production efficiency. Efficient R&D needs policy makers to create strategies that can increase overall efficiency by improving productivity performance and quality while increasing economic performance.