In this review paper, the sources of odor, major odor compounds, and emission characteristics from livestock farms are summarized. The main sources of odor on livestock farms are barn facilities, manure storage facilities, manure composting facilities, and wastewater treatment facilities. High concentrations of odor are emitted during the manure removal process, and livestock odor tends to be the most severe in summer. There was a remarkable difference in odor intensity depending on the farm size and the cleaning condition, and odor intensity varied greatly depending on the weather parameters such as wind direction and speed. The concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were high among the odor compounds emitted from livestock farms, and these compounds also contributed to odor intensity. The odor intensity in poultry and swine farms was higher than in cattle farms. Information on livestock odor emission is very useful for managing livestock odor complaints and designing odor abatement technologies.

This study was carried out in order to provide suggestions with regard to optimal control methods for various odor emission facilities (162 companies and 26 industrial classifications) through comparative analysis of effective odor treatment technologies for each type of odor substance by literature reviews, based on measured 22 odor substance data for 162 samples taken from A city. The industrial classification of Pulp showed the highest odor quotient (7,589 as average value) and was followed by the industrial classifications of Wastewater, Woods, and Furniture, indicating average odor quotient values of 2,361, 1,396 and 1,392, respectively. Absorption using chlorine dioxide and sodium hydroxide can be an optimal treatment method to remove the odor substances of sulfide and aldehyde groups. Biofilers with microbial communities will be effective to remove odors caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and an absorption method using sulfuric acid is proper for the removal of odor substances caused by nitrogens.

Recently, Regulations on ships exhaust gas are being strengthened. Nations around the world are trying to various efforts in many aspects to decrease ship emission gas. As part of these efforts, the shipping industry is working towards establishing green system that reduce the emission gas emitted in port. In this study we measured exhaust emission gases such as by fuel change using A-Ra Training Ship in Port. When sailing, we found that was 3.6% to 6.6% higher when using LRFO compared to using MGO, and during departure and arrival, the load changes were significant. As a result, was on average 29.8% higher and was 42% higher during departure, while was on average 19.5% higher and was 17.4% higher during arrival, with almost no difference in the other components.

The interest in greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from all industries is emerging as a very important issue worldwide. This is affecting not only the global warming, but also the environmentally friendly competitiveness of the industry. The fisheries sector is increasingly interested in greenhouse gas emissions also due to the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015. Korean industry and government are also making a number of effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions so far, but the effort to reduce GHG in the fishery sector is insufficient compared to other fields. Especially, the investigation on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries did not carry out extensively. The studies on GHG emissions from Korean fishery are most likely dealt with the GHG emissions by fishery classification so far. However, the forthcoming research related to GHG emissions from fisheries is needed to evaluate the GHG emission level by species to prepare the adoption of Environmental labels and declarations (ISO 14020). The purpose of this research is to investigate which degree of GHG emitted to produce the species (swimming crab and snow crab) from various fisheries. Here, we calculated the GHG emission to produce the species from the fisheries using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level are defined for LCA analysis. The fuel use coefficients of the fisheries for the species are also calculated according to the fuel type. The GHG emissions from sea activities by the fisheries will be dealt with. Furthermore, the GHG emissions for producing the unit weight species and annual production are calculated by fishery classification. The results will be helpful to establish the carbon footprint of seafood in Korea.

선박용 엔진에서 배출되는 배기가스에는 다량의 수분과 미세먼지를 포함하고 있다. 미세먼지에는 여과성 미세먼지와 배기 배 출 후 액상으로 변화하는 응축성 미세먼지가 포함되어 있으며 배출 전에 걸러지는 고체상 미세먼지보다 응축성 미세먼지가 더 많은 것으 로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 배기가스의 배기열과 수분을 회수하고 응축성 미세먼지를 제거하기 위한 실험장치를 실험실 내의 가스 보일러 배기가스를 이용하여 테스트 하였다. 배기가스는 1차적으로 냉각방식으로 수분과 응축성 미세먼지가 제거되고 2차적으로 흡수제 방식에 의해 추가적으로 수분이 제거되었다. 상대습도 측정에 의한 배기가스 수분 제거율을 계산하면 1단계 배기냉각 방식으로 73%, 2단 계 흡수제 방식으로 90% 제거되는 것으로 측정되었다. 이 과정에서 응축성 미세먼지는 80~90% 제거되는 것으로 측정되었다. 개발 시스템 에 의해 회수된 열은 공정열로 활용할 수 있으며, 회수된 물은 수처리 과정을 통해 공정수로 활용할 수 있다. 또한 현재 관리 규제가 되고 있지 않지만 미세먼지의 주요 원인인 응축성 미세먼지를 효과적으로 제거할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The characteristics of pollutant emission for non-premixed flames with LCG 8000 and LCG 6000 represented as low calorific gases were investigated by numerical simulation. Commercial software (ANSYS 16.2 - FLUENT) is used to predict 2-D pollutant emission with GRI 3.0 detailed reaction mechanism. In addition, the addition of hydrogen to LCG 6000 was also considered. As result, the flame length and temperature of LHVGs were decreased with decreasing calorific value at the same condition. In addition, NO concentration was decreased as temperature decreased. However, CO concentration for LCG 8000 predicted to be slightly higher than that for methane due to the high propane concentration. In the case of LCG 6000 with added hydrogen, the flame length was the shortest and NO concentration was the highest due to the highest flame temperature, but CO concentration decreased rapidly due to the addition of the carbon-free fuel.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of air and oxygen injected into the underwater non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD plasma) device used to remove five types of antibiotics (tetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin) artificially contained in the fish farm discharge water. The voltage given to generate DBD plasma was 27.8 kV, and the measurement intervals were 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 minutes. Tetracycline antibiotics significantly decreased in 4 minutes when air was injected and were reduced in 30 seconds when oxygen was injected. After the introduction of air and oxygen at 32 minutes, 78.1% and 95.8% of tetracycline were removed, 77.1% and 96.3% of doxycycline were removed, and 77.1% and 95.5% of oxytetracycline were removed, respectively. In air and oxygen, 59.6% and 83.0% of clindamycin and 53.3% and 74.3% of erythromycin were removed, respectively. The two antibiotics showed lower removal efficiency than tetracyclines. In conclusion, fish farm discharge water contains five different types of antibiotics that can be reduced using underwater DBD plasma, and oxygen gas injection outperformed air in terms of removal efficiency.

The “Carbon Neutral” has become the most important goal to achieve in the era of the climate change crisis. K-water has prepared a roadmap for implementing “Carbon Neutral” by 2050. However, only the reduction targets and strategies for scope 1 and 2 have been set, so the management of carbon generated during the construction project and upfront carbon is not being implemented. Therefore, in this study, the criteria and methodology for estimation carbon emissions in the construction sector at domestic and foreign were reviewed, and a methodology for estimation carbon emissions suitable for K-water construction projects was presented, and a case study was conducted. As a result, most of the carbon emissions were more than 90% of the upfront emissions due to material production. Therefore, upfront carbon management is required for carbon management of K-water construction projects, and it is necessary to quantify carbon emissions through GHG construction inventory, etc., and to establish strategies for future reduction technologies.

Korea is a country where the population is concentrated in metropolitan areas that have undergone rapid industrial development. As of 2020, more than 43% of the total population lives in large cities, and about 18.5% of the total population lives in Seoul. A basic human need living in such a metropolis is a pleasant environment. In this study, complex odors and designated odors were evaluated at the boundary areas and at the outlets for 15 public environmental facilities selected from among odor sources in Seoul. As a result of measuring the complex odor intensity was 3 ~ 6 times at the boundary areas and 100 ~ 4,481 times at the outlets. In food waste treatment facilities, incineration facilities, and waste transfer station facilities, the compound making the largest contribution to odor is acetaldehyde, which was recorded at 46%, 25%, and 32% respectively. At a sewage treatment facility and agro-fisheries wholesale market, hydrogen sulfide was the largest contributing compound at 71% and 29% respectively.

본 연구는 다년생 목본작물인 과수 바이오매스 부문의 온실가스 배출･흡수량을 우리나라 국가 온실가스 인벤토리 보고 시 고려되어야 할 적정 산정 방법을 모색하고자 수행되었다. IPCC 가이드라인에 따라 적정 산정 수준을 모색한 결과, 향후 우리나라에 알맞은 적정 산정 수준 (Tier)은 국가 고유의 활동자료와 국가 고유 배출흡수계수를 활용하는 수준 2 (Tier 2)로 나타났다. 국가 고유 배출흡수계수가 없어 수준 1 (Tier 1)을 적용해야 하는 현 시점에서는 매년 활동자료인 과수 재배면적 통계를 발표하기 때문에 손실획득법보다 축적차이법으로 산정하는 것이 적정하다. 수준 2에서 시범 산정한 결과, 이 부문의 상대적으로 낮은 중요도와 산정의 단순성 및 비용을 고려할 경우, 활동자료에 있어 단순화한 하위 범주를 사용하고 성숙목과 미성숙목을 구분하지 않는 것이 적정하다. 반면 온실가스 감축정책에 따른 반응성을 고려한다면, 성숙목과 미성숙목을 구분하는 접근 방법이 적정하다. 산정된 탄소축적량의 불확도는 활동자료보다는 국가 고유 배출계수의 불확도에 의해 크게 좌우되어 향후 신뢰도 높은 국가 고유 배출계수의 개발이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

해양환경의 위험유해물질 배출규제는 주로 선박이나 해양시설 등으로부터의 오염규제에 한정되어 있기 때문에, 해안 인접 산업 시설들의 위험유해물질 배출 허용기준 및 배출 지침 수립 등의 해양배출제도의 수립 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해양산업시 설의 위험유해물질 배출 허용기준 및 배출 지침 정보를 자세히 제공하고 있는 미국 환경보호청(US EPA)의 자료를 중심으로 허용기준 및 배출 지침 수립 등 배출 제도 체계를 소개하고 향후 국내 배출지침 적용에 대해 고찰했다.

수처리 후 직접 해양으로 배출하는 산업시설 등에서 Hazardous and Noxious Substance (HNS) 농도 변화를 연속 자동 측정하기 위 한 센서의 기본적 성능으로 상온에서도 ppb 수준의 검출이 가능한 센서가 필요하다고 판단하여 기존의 센서의 감도를 높이기 위한 방법 을 제안하였다. 우선 나노입자 박막에 전도성 탄소계 첨가물을 이용하여 필름의 전도도를 높이는 방법과 촉매 금속을 이용하여 표면에서 의 이온 흡착도를 높이는 방법에 대해서 각각 연구하였다. 전도성 개선을 위해서 ITO 나노입자를 활용한 필름에 carbon black을 첨가물로 선택하여, 첨가물 함유량에 따른 센서의 성능변화를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 CB 함량 5 wt% 정도에서 전도성 증가에 의한 저항과 응답시간 의 변화를 관찰할 수 있었고, 유기용제를 대상으로 한 실험에서 검출하한은 250 ppb 정도까지 낮아지는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 액체 중 이 온 흡착도를 높이기 위하여 센서 표면에 촉매로 Au를 스퍼터로 제작한 표면 촉매층을 형성한 시료를 이용한 실험에서 센서의 응답은 20% 이상 증가하고 평균 검출하한은 61 ppm까지 낮아지는 것을 확인하였다. 이 결과로부터 금속산화물 나노입자를 활용한 화학저항형 센서가 상온에서도 수십 ppb 정도의 HNS를 검출할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.