In this study, stiffness evaluation was conducted on the main member, front cross member, and rear cross member, which are three components of sub-frame for SUVs (sports utility vehicles), through mode analysis. As for the design variables used in the analysis, the maximum frequency was examined by varying the width and height of each of the three parts into four types. Of course, the weight at this time is minimized, and the mode is set as a constraint that only bending occurs and no distortion occurs. As a result of the analysis, the member affecting the 1st mode was the rear cross member, and the member having the greatest influence on the 2nd mode was the front cross member. In addition, the member with the greatest influence on the 3rd mode appeared as the rear cross member, indicating that this part had the greatest effect on the bending stiffness.

우리나라에 등록 된 선박은 2019년 기준 전체 97,623척이다. 그 중 어선이 차지하는 비율은 약 67 %로 65,835척이 등록되어 있 다. 어선의 비율만큼이나 해양사고의 빈도수도 높다. 2020년 기준 전체 사고 3,535건 중 2,331건이 어선에서 발생했다. 즉 국내어선의 안전 성 향상을 위한 여러 제도적 마련이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 어선의 안전향상을 위한 다양한 부분 중에서 어선과 관련된 국내외 조종성능에 대한 국내외 평가 규정을 살펴보았다. 또한 상선에 비하여 설계 기준이 명확히 정립되지 않은 어선의 타면적 설계 현황을 살 펴보기 위하여 국내 조업 중인 153척의 어선 타면적 비율를 조사하였다. 그 결과 대다수의 어선이 국제적 기준에 미달하여 타면적을 설계 하고 있음을 통계적으로 확인하였다. 향후 이러한 분석 결과는 국내 어선의 조종성능 향상을 위한 타면적 설계 기준마련을 위한 기초 자 료로 활용하고자 한다.

The PoN (Proof of Nonce) distributed consensus algorithm basically uses a non-competitive consensus method that can guarantee an equal opportunity for all nodes to participate in the block generation process, and this method was expected to resolve the first trilemma of the blockchain, called the decentralization problem. However, the decentralization performance of the PoN distributed consensus algorithm can be greatly affected by the network transaction transmission delay characteristics of the nodes composing the block chain system. In particular, in the consensus process, differences in network node performance may significantly affect the composition of the congress and committee on a first-come, first-served basis. Therefore, in this paper, we presented a problem by analyzing the decentralization performance of the PoN distributed consensus algorithm, and suggested a fairness control algorithm using a learning-based probabilistic acceptance rule to improve it. In addition, we verified the superiority of the proposed algorithm by conducting a numerical experiment, while considering the block chain systems composed of various heterogeneous characteristic systems with different network transmission delay.

This study explores the possibility of creating new experimental hanbok designs by accommodating the latest world fashion trends and the changing needs of consumers, in order to attempt to overcome the limitations of traditional Korean fashion design. To do so, We analyze works by contemporary Korean fashion designers to investigate current developments in Korean fashion design and to identify areas of improvement within hanbok design. The results show that most contemporary hanbok designs repeat stereotypes of traditional hanbok with minor modifications. So there arises a need to create new hanbok designs that are clearly distinct from traditional hanbok but also maintain its core features. To develop such designs, I apply the techniques of deconstruction fashion, which allow making experiments with form, composition, and materials use to realize new aesthetics. The use of CLO 3D fashion design software also proves to be very efficient for developing experimental designs. The study results make meaningful contributions to the development of virtual clothing and 3D fashion for hanbok, particularly as metaBUS, a cloud-based research synthesis platform, is rapidly gaining ground, and reality and virtual reality are increasingly mixed in everyday life. This attempt at 3D design of hanbok is expected to trigger more creative experimentation in hanbok design.

This paper presents the kinematic analysis and design of a three-point hitch mechanism used in agriculture tractors. Connecting the agricultural implement to the tractors allows for various motions of the agricultural implements by the force from the tractor. First, a three-point hitch mechanism is modeled as multiloop planar rigid body guidance mechanisms for two major motions: the lift and the pitch motions of the agricultural implement. The displacement matrix and the design equations for Upper and Lower links are applied to determine the hitch points using a numerical method. Then, the resulting implement movements are determined in terms of the lifting parameters for the two major motions of the vertical and pitching displacement. Finally, the design process is provided to determine the dimensions of the mechanism. This should satisfy the requirements of the ISO Standards for Agricultural wheeled tractors: rear-mounted three-point linkage: Categories 1N, 1, 2, 3N, 3, 4N and 4[1].

In this study, the design of the lower arm, a type of suspension for a 4 wheel drive vehicle, was dealt with through structural analysis. In the case of the existing lower arm, cracks occurred in the neck, so it is necessary to reduce the maximum stress in order to extend the life of the analysis model. Based on this, various design changes were made, and the maximum stress generated was compared through structural analysis of each design change model. For structural analysis, a unit load (1N) was applied in the vertical direction to the lower arm model, and the results were analyzed relative to each other. As a result of analysis through various design changes, case 3, a model in which the stress concentration applied to the lower arm was relieved, showed an increase in strength of about 51% compared to the existing model.

In this study, we propose a standardized design method using dimensionless design factors (specific catchment area, specific storage capacity) for the catchment area and storage tank capacity for the installation of rainwater facilities under rainfall conditions in Korea. As a result of simulating the water-saving efficiency of rainwater facilities that supply toilet flushing water in 17 office buildings in the metropolitan area, it was confirmed that the specific catchment area is a major design factor affecting the water-saving efficiency. In order to achieve the annual water-saving efficiency of 30%, it was evaluated that the specific catchment area and the specific rainwater storage capacity required 0.2 or more, respectively. In addition, when looking at the monthly water-saving efficiency, it is estimated that 100% of the required water demand can be supplied for up to three months from July to September under optimal conditions. Due to the annual rainfall variation, there is a limit to using all of the collected rainwater as toilet flushing water. Consideration of temporary use for other purposes should be reflected in the design stage of the building considering the characteristics of the target building and local conditions. In the future, follow-up studies are needed for field verification of dimensionless design and efficiency evaluation based on water supply and demand.

This study proposed a simplified finite element analysis procedure for designing the nonstructural masonry wall in the out-of-plane direction. The proposed method is a two-step elastic analysis procedure by bilinearizing the behavior of the masonry wall. The first step analysis was conducted with initial stiffness representing the behavior up to the effective-yield point, and the second step analysis was conducted with post-yield stiffness. In addition, the orthotropic material property of the masonry was considered in the FE analysis. The maximum load was estimated as the sum of the maximum loads in the first and second step analyses. The maximum load was converted into the moment coefficients and compared with those from the yield line method applied in Eurocode 6. The moment coefficients calculated through the proposed procedure showed a good match with those from the yield line method with less than 6% differences.

현재 교량과 같은 토목구조물의 설계프로세스는 1차 설계 후 구조 검토를 수행하여 기준에 부적합할 경우 재설계하는 과정을 반복 하여 최종적인 성과품을 만드는 것이 일반적이다. 이러한 반복 과정은 설계에 소요되는 기간을 연장시키는 원인이 되며, 보다 수준 높 은 설계를 위해 투입되어야 할 고급 엔지니어링 인력을 기계적인 단순 반복 작업에 소모하고 있다. 이러한 문제는 설계 과정 자동화를 통하여 해결할 수 있으나, 설계 과정에서 사용되는 해석프로그램은 이러한 자동화에 가장 큰 장애요인이 되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 기 존 설계 과정 중 반복작업을 대체하고자 강화학습 알고리즘과 외부 해석프로그램을 함께 제어할 수 있는 인터페이스를 포함한 교량 설계 프로세스에 대한 AI기반 자동화 시스템을 구축하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 구축된 시스템의 프로토타입은 2경간 RC라멘교를 대 상으로 제작하였다. 개발된 인터페이스 체계는 향후 최신 AI 및 타 형식의 교량설계 간 연계를 위한 기초기술로써 활용될 수 있을 것 으로 판단된다..

본 연구는 중국 산둥성 쯔보시 인민공원과 치성호 공원 이용자 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 식재경관 조성지표 간의 상관성 및 유형화 특성을 분석할 목적으로 시도되었다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 대부분 식재경관 조성지표 간 상관성이 있었으며, 사계절 경관과 흥미로운 식재와의 상관성이 가장 높았고 식물의 안전성과 식물 공간구축의 상관성이 그 다음이었다. 요인분석 결과, 미적 요인, 재료적 요인, 이용적 요인, 관리적 요인으로 유형화되었으며, 식물 층위의 미·꽃모양의 다양성·꽃색의 다양성·친근한 식물·교목과 관목 비율·식물의 상징성이 미적 요인에서 뚜렷한 영향을 미쳤다. 재료적 요인은 식물의 공간구축과 사계절 경관, 이용적 요인은 나무의 그늘과 식물종다양성, 관리적 요인은 식물 보호 관리가 비교적 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다.

PURPOSES : The logistic roads for freight transport along to the new port of Busan have been suffered by the rapid weather changes including high temperature and torrential rain. As a result, the roads require annual repair, which have been distressed seriously by the heavy logistic and environmental loads. Therefore, we need to identify the cause of the road pavement distresses and find a proper design method to minimize the pavement distress in order to prohibit the problem aggravated. METHODS : The damaged conditions of the logistic roads were investigated on-site. In addition, applied pavement designs, real traffic volumes, and historical climatic information were intensively collected for this project. With the investigated and collected data Korean pavement design program (KPRP) was implemented to analyzed the causes of the damaged roads and conceive the pavement design draft optimized for the roads. RESULTS : According to the investigation and KPRP analysis, the traffic volume to transport freights impacts significantly the pavement distress, so that a higher PG grade binder type should be used, for which polymer modified asphalt (PMA) binders are recommended. Moreover, its pavement thickness should be increased to secure load bearing capacity, but thickening the pavement has been discouraged due to difficulties induced by the road-sectional change, especially road-height change. CONCLUSIONS : In conclusion, 5cm PMA overlay is suggested for the normal-scale maintenance, and 7cm PMA overlay for large-scale maintenance. Besides these, the application of Polymer-modified Stone Matrix Asphalt (PSMA) using PG76-22 binder would be the best preventive maintenance method, which has been well know as having higher fatigue resistant performance than general PMA. However, if we use PSMA, quality control should be very cautious since PSMA can be very susceptible premature distress if its production and construction are improperly proceeded.

Domestic dust remover began to be manufactured and installed in the late 1980s by introducing Japanese products and technologies. Currently, the design standards of dust remover are applied to Japan's design standards and partly sub-unit technology was developed for the domestic environment, but no technology was not developed. In addition, most of the manufacturers are small or small, so many of them have been installed and operated for 25 years because they develop small technologies such as parts deformation and functional addition rather than core technology development. Mechanical dust remover require about 70% of manufacturing costs compared to conventional hydraulic dust remover, which can reduce initial production costs, reduce maintenance costs due to low failure rates, and can be operated reliably. Existing hydraulic dust remover had a problem of contaminating rivers due to leakage of hydraulic oil, but mechanical dust remover have no factors that cause water pollution. Therefore, this study developed a rack-type operating structure for optimal and new construction by developing a multi-stage rack structure of mechanical decontamination components, which are substitutes of conventional rotary and hydraulic dust remover.

In this study, gas flow pattern and temperature distribution in a laboratory scale low temperature furnace for carbonization were numerically analyzed. The furnace was designed for testing carbonization process of carbon fibers made from polyimide(PI) precursor. Nitrogen gas was used as a working gas and it was treated as an ideal gas. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics analysis for steady state turbulent flow was used to analyze flow pattern and temperature field in the furnace. The results showed that more uniform velocity profile and axisymmetric temperature distribution could be obtained by varying mass flow rate at the inlets.

목적 : 이 연구는 아동과 청소년에게 글씨쓰기 중재를 시행한 국내 단일대상연구의 특성 및 중재의 효과와 질적 수준을 확인하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 학술교육원(e-article), 한국학술정보(Koreanstudies Informatin Service System; KISS) 및 학술연구정보서비스(Research Information Sharing Service; RISS) 의 원문제공 서비스를 통해 2001 년부터 2020년까지 최근 20년간 발간된 논문 중 ‘글씨쓰기, 아동, 청소년, 단일대상연구’를 주요 키워드 로 검색하였다. 총 7편의 논문을 대상으로 분석 대상 논문의 특징, 질적 수준, 효과 크기를 알아보았다. 결과 : 연구 대상은 초등학생이 가장 많았고, 진단명은 주의력결핍과잉행동장애가 가장 많고 학습장애 및 지적장애 순이었다. 연구 설계는 중재제거(ABA) 설계가 가장 많았다. 글씨쓰기 중재를 위한 독립변인은 보조공학 접근이 2편, 감각통합치료가 2편, 과제중심 중재, 자기-교수 전략, Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance(CO-OP) 접근법이 각각 1편이었다. 종속변인으로는 글씨쓰기 명료도 가 5편, 글씨쓰기 속도가 4편, 글씨쓰기가 2편, 철자가 1편이었다. 분석대상 연구의 질적 수준은 85.7% 가 중간 수준, 14.3%가 높은 수준이며 낮은 수준의 연구는 한 편도 없었다. 효과 크기를 분석한 결과, 글씨쓰기 중재는 70.83%에서 효과적이고 이 중 54.2%는 매우 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 중재 이후 유지는 82.4%가 매우 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 아동과 청소년의 글씨쓰기를 위한 중재법으로 여러 유형의 작업치료가 활발히 적용되고 있으며, 글씨쓰기 중재를 적용한 단일대상연구들은 효과적인 중재를 적용하고 있고 질적 수준은 신뢰할 수준인 것을 확인할 수 있었다.