본 연구는 발가락 벌림 보조기(toe spreader)가 긴장성 발가락 굽힘 반사(Tonic Toe Flexion Reflex: TTFR)가 있는 양하지 뇌성마비 아동의 보행에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 12명의 TTFR이 있는 양하지 뇌성마비 아동을 대상으로 같은 날에 맨발과 발가락 벌림 보조기를 착용한 상태에서 보행분석을 실시하였다. 시간 거리 보행변수로 활보장(step length), 보장(step length), 보폭(step width)

이 연구의 목적은 진자 과제에서 학생들의 가설 생성에 있어서 귀추적 추론 능력이 중요한 역할을 한다는 가설을 검증하고자 하는 것이다. 가설을 검증하기 위하여 5학년 학생들을 대상으로 하여 진자 운동에 대한 가설 생성 검사와 진자의 길이에 대한 선지식 검사를 실시하였다. 진자의 길이에 대해 선지식을 가지고 있는 많은 학생들이 그네 과제에 대한 가설 생성에 선지식을 적용하지 못하였다. 이러한 결과는 학생들이 가설 생성에 실패한 이유가 단지 선지식이 없어서가 아니라 오히려 귀추적 추론 능력이 부족한 것과 관련된다. 학생들이 성공적으로 가설 생성을 하기 위해서는 선지식 뿐만 아니라 귀추적 추론능력도 요구된다. 그러므로 이 연구는 가설 생성 과정에 있어서 선지식 이외에도 귀추적 추론 능력이 중요한 역할을 한다는 주장을 지지한다. 이 연구는 학생들의 가설 생성 능력을 계발하기 위해서는 과학 교육에서 과학적 선언적 지식 뿐만 아니라 귀추적 추론 능력에 대한 교육도 함께 제공되어야 함을 시사한다.

Purpose : This study is for investigating the factors influencing on treatment effect of devel-opmental disability children under 6-year-old.Methods : This study was investigated March, 2003 from January, 2003 to child fewer than 6 ages and parent each 43 people who is undergoing medical diagnosis from occupational ther-apy of K university hospital, S hospital, C hospital.Results : Obstacle type of 43 disabled children handicap by 50% and language impairment, mental retardation, sight obstacle, difficulties. It is 25.6% that there is no family member that can give help for disabled children’s treatment, is that 1 person is more 69.8%, and that have 3 people 4.7%, and in 25 points full marks that stew of family more than 21 points by 79.1% lazi-ness or family of stew that in general by high thing appear. Disabled children was using aver-age 4.16 places’ treatment institution during a week. Total number of treatment during a week is 5.19 times of treatment per average one child patient. While child’s treatment adaptation degree is that 32.6% well regardless of sentiment or hygienic condition, 37.2% when sentiment or hygienic condition is good well, and 18.6% is usual, 2.3% is different according to sentiment or hygienic condition therapist or treatment institution, and 9.3% is not well in most case. Comparing coefficient of correlation with adaptation degree and cura-tive effect when treat and treatment actual conditions of family’s support, home treatment num-ber of times, medical fee, treatment equipment utilization number of times, treatment number of times etc. and child’s characteristic of child’s age, obstacle grade, duplicated obstacle number and so on, Child’s duplicated obstacle number showed high negative correlation of comparative with curative effect, and child’s obstacle degree showed high negative correlation with curative effect.Conclusion : By result of this study, child’s motor development treatment effect is considered that child’s obstacle degree and duplication number of obstacle is connected. Therefore, it means that efficient and practical treatment to grasp child’s obstacle and state more closely and more interests and efforts of parent and therapist are in need.

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting on the home treatment stress in the CP (cerebral palsy) children's mothers. Direct interviews were conducted from March 17 with April 4, 2003 with 97 mothers of CP children. The average level of stress from home treatment felt by mothers with CP children was . Stress-levels were especially high in mothers who were not satisfied with the treatment outcome (p<.05) and whose acceptance of disability was low (p<.01). Stress felt by mothers was low when their health status was high (p<.05). A physical burden was shown to have a significant correlation with the stress of the mothers during the home treatment (p<.01). Mothers with a child of Level 2 disability had lower levels of stress than those with a child of Level 4 or 5 disability (p<.01). The level of stress was higher in mothers who lagged in acquiring technical sufficiency (p<.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that one factor affecting the stress felt by mothers with CP children was the degree of acceptance of the disability (p<.01). Programs that can reduce the stress levels of mothers with CP children through home treatment and secure social systems such as professional help and economic compensation, need to be developed. Active policies should be established and executed for these mothers since stress felt by mothers significantly affects the consistency and effectiveness of treatment provided at home.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of obesity and depression level of obese children on body weight control program. The body weight control program included nutrition education, psychotherapy and exercise for weekly session during 9 months. The results from this study were as follows. A total of 27 obese children participated in this study. The average age of children was 11.7 years, 70% of children had regular exercise. Average exercise time was 1.2 hours and watching television time was 1.8 hours. Children's serum composition were within normal ranges. Rohrer index(RI) was significantly decreased to 163 from 167(p<0.001) and BMI was significantly decreased to 23.9 from 24.5(p<0.01) after body weight control program. There was not significant difference in depression score after body weight control program and there was not significant correlation between obesity and depression level. The response tendency of depression items indicated obese children had negative depression feelings and couldn't have hopeful mind to the future. But there were significant increase(p<0.05) in depression and hopeful mind in factor analysis. The suggestion and limitations of this study were discussed. These results suggest that body weight control program including nutrition education, exercise and psychotherapy may be effective for helping obese children.

조절작용은 눈의 굴절상태를 변화시킬 수 있는 힘으로 나이가 어리면 어릴수록 이 것을 억제하기가 어렵다. 사람은 나이가 들면서 조절력이 감소되고 조절작용올 억제 하기가 쉬워진다. 기존 연구에서 고둥학교 학생들의 조절마비제 정안 전과 후의 굴절 력의 변화가 적었고 나이가 어릴수록 조절마비제를 이용하여 굴절검사가 이루어져야 한다고 하였다. 이 연구의 대상자들은 부모나 보호자들에 의해 시력장애가 의심되거나 환자 스스 로 시야의 흐립을 호소한 경험이 있는 순천지역 6-9세 사이의 소년 60 t청 (OS)을 대 상으로 하였다. 굴절이상을 제외한 녹내장， 백내장， 망막질환， 약사， 가성근시， 그리고 조절마비는 대상의 생플에서 제외시켰다. 환자들의 내원 당일 타각적과 자각적 방법 으로 현성굴절검사(Manifest Refraction) 와 조절마비제률 이용한 굴절검사( Cycloplegic Refraction)를 하였고， 5 일 후 추적 검사 (Post Cyclo-refraction) 를 하였다. 본 연구에서는 면과 원주요소를 각각 CR과 MR, PCR과 MR, PCR과 CR의 차이를 계산하여 Origin 6.0(paired t-test) 프로그랩올 사용하여 분석 하였다. 그 결과 CR과 MR, PCR과 CR의 차이와 비교하여 MR과 CR의 구면요소 굴절차이가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이러한 구면의 차이는 나이가 중가할수록 감소하였다 :6세 (p = 0.03237, t = -3.78325) 와 7세 (p = 0.000245378, t = -5.31없3) 에서 는 유의 하였고 8세 (p = 0.08871, t = -1.97593) 와 9세 (p = 0.48959, t = -0.74536) 에 서 는 유의 하지 않았다. MR과 PC의 구면 차이는 모든 나이에서 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았다. 김의 연구도 또한 MR과 CR의 차이가 7 세 보다 어린 나이에서 굴절력의 차이가 크게 나타났다고 보고 하였다. 결론적으로 각각의 굴절상태 차이에서 구면요소는 나이가 어릴수록 조절성향 이 강한 반면 원주요소는 굴절 변화가 적고 불규칙적이며 불일치성을 보였다 (p< 0.05). 이 결과에 의하여 나이가 어린 환자， 특히 7세 미만에서는 반드시 조절마비제 를 이용한 굴절검사가 이루어져야 하겠다.

Objectives : This study evaluated norms for fine motor dexterity skills on kindergarten and elementary school children. Method : Participants were recruited from five kindergartens and two elementary schools in Seosan area. The sample consisted of 160 healthy students ranging in age from five to eight years. The Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) was utilized to investigate fine motor dexterity. Results : The GPT showed statistically significant differences in hand dominance based on the findings that the scores of nondominant hands were substantially lower than those of dominant hands (p<0.05). The GPT showed significant age group differences in which 8 year old group demonstrated substantially higher scores than those of all other younger age groups (p<0.05). The results indicated a positive relationship between age and GPT scores. Conclusion : The results of this study support the results of previous studies that compared hand function between healthy children and abnormal children. These data will provide standard value of GPT for occupational therapists.

Purpose : This study investigated the consumer satisfaction of the rehabilitation counseling via internet for parents of children with developmental disabilities aged under 6. Methods : The web site for internet counseling (ddchild.com) consisted of 1,500-page information for educating children at risk, with mental retardation, autism, learning disabilities, and cerebral palsy. Internet counseling was conducted in the form of Q/A, real-time chatting, monthly interview, and search engine. The consumer survey form was dispatched to a total of 1,459 registered members and 91 (7%) of them replied to the survey. The survey included general information of the respondents, the types of disabilities they used mostly, their satisfaction level, criticisms and suggestions to this internet counseling. Results : The general characteristics of the respondents were: (1) The users were distributed across the nation from Seoul and its vicinity (61%) to Cheju (1%); (2) The respondents’ 68% was middle or lower middle class; (3) The types of disabilities were children at risk including learning disabilities and ADHD (37%), autism (21%), mental retardation (21%), cerebral palsy(18.5%). The 68% of the respondents were satisfied with the internet counseling, and 65% actively used the data base consisted of rehabilitation information for educating children with developmental disabilities. Regarding the usage of the data base, 49% replied that this program was very helpful, because the instructions were described with concrete examples, 47.7% “helpful in understanding how to teach these children,” and 27.7% “in better understanding the behaviors of these children.” As to the suggestions, the respondents demanded two things. One is that the government build more schools and centers for educating these children along with more economic support, and the other requests are related to the operation of this internet counseling: enforcing of speech therapy program, opening of demonstration program with regard to the usage of this system, and setting up a psychological counseling for the parents. Conclusion : Operation of the internet counseling system can be a viable approach for providing early intervention programs for parents with developmental disabilities with low-cost effectiveness in the country where early intervention has not been systematically established.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the accomodations for the disabled children of the elementary schools in Suwon and to give helpful information to the parents and teachers for the improvement of the independence of disabled children at school. We measured the ramps, toilets, doorways and other accomodations in 64 elementary schools according to the checklists. The checklists of these facilities were based on the legal requirements of "The Act for the Benefit of the Disabled, Elderly and Pregnant Women". The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and the test. None of the investigated schools satisfied all the legal requirements of the facilities. Fifteen elementary schools had adequate accomodations for the disabled children which allowed them to move independently from the entrance of the school to their classrooms located on the first floor. Only eight of fifteen schools had elevators to access their classrooms upstairs. The schools were divided into two groups according to their construction dates; before and after April 11th 1998, when "The Act for the Benefit of the Disabled, Elderly and Pregnant Women" took effect. There were statistically significant differences in the number of toilets, the width of the toilet entrance, and the slope of the ramps between the two groups (p<.05). We suggest that the accomodations for the disabled children need to be established on a systematic and on-going basis in the future. The teachers and administrators should be more aware of the legal requirements for appropriate accomodations for the disabled children.

This study was conducted to investigate eating behaviors of preschool children for development their snack. Eating habit, preference and nutritional state were investigated using a questionnaire answered by teachers of day-care centers, 548 preschool children(aged 4 to 6 years old) and their mothers. It was found that 93.6% of subjects thought children need to eat snacks not only at day-care center but also at home. For children, snacks clearly played an important role in dietary nutritional intake The frequency and rate of consuming Milk as snack were high(1.51 times per a day, 459.8μl), 53.2% of calcium intake from Milk. The most favorite snack foods of children were fresh fruits, milk, yoghurt, juice. The correlation between frequency of eating food as snack and children's preference for food was low; because choosing food as children's snack was not by themselves but by their mothers and teachers, and variety of food(a taste, kinds) as snack was very weak. Subjects showed rather dissatisfactory view about commercial snack, and wanted new development of nutritionally balanced and natural-tasted snack for preschool children; they preferred dducks, biscuits and snacks as the form of newly-developed snack for preschool children.

서울 수색초둥학교 3-5학년 재화생 111 명(남 45명， 여 66명) 222안올 대상으로 굴 철이상도， 각막곡률 및 안구의 걸이롤 측정하여， 8개월 동안 변화 추이를 비교 분석 하였다. 조절마비 상태에서 자동굴절계로 측정한 둥가구면 굴철이상도의 펑균 변화도는 -0.32:3 ::t 0.346 D( -0.399 ::t 1.621 D에서 -0.722 ::t 1.719 D) 외 유의한 증가률 보였고 (t '" 13.985, p = 0.0000), 자동각막곡훌제로 측정한 각막굴철력의 평균 변화도는 -0.02 ::t 0.246 D(43.322 :t 1.241 D에 서 43.301 ::t 1.갱OD) 의 감소률 보였으며 (t = 1.239, p = 0.217), A -Scan Ultrasonography로 측정 한 안구의 길 이 는 O.잃6 :t 0.239 mm(23.231 ::t 0.875 mm 에서 23.467 ::t 0.940 mm) 의 유의 한 중가를 보였고 (t = • 14.730, p = 0.0000), 안축장/각 막곡률비는 0.029 ::t 0.035(2.980 ::t 0.1 14에서 3.009 ::t 0.12 1)의 유의한 증가훌 보였다 (t = --12.388, p = 0.0000). 안광학상수의 변화가 굴절상태의 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과， 안축장의 증 가가 근시도의 증가에 미치는 영향온 낮은 상관성올 보였고 (Y = 0.173 + -0.198 * X; r = -0.284, p < 0.(001), 각막곡률의 감소와 근시도의 증가 사이에는 상판성이 없었다 (Y = -0.031 + -0.033 * X ; r'" -0.046, p = 0.48). 또한 정시 및 왼시군(둥가구면 굴절이상도가 -O.50D 야하)과 근시군(둥가구면 굴 절이상도가 -O.50D 이상)의 근시진행도를 비교한 결과 정시 및 왼시군(평균 변화도 -0.234 ::t 0.330 D)보다 근시군(평균 변화도 -0.458 ::t 0.327 D) 에서 근시도가 더 크게 증가 하였고 (t'" -4.983, p = O.α)()()) ， 안축장은 정시 및 원시군(평균 변화도 0.175 ::t 0.217 mm) 보다 근시군(평균 변화도 0.331 ::t 0.241 mm) 에서 더 크게 증가하였고 (t = 4.986, p = αoα삐)， 각막곡률은 정시 및 원사군(평균 변화도 -0.013 ::t 0.254 D)보다 근시군(평균 변화도 -0.031 :t 0.233 D) 에서 더 크쩨 감소하였으나 유의성은 없었다(t = -0.513, p '" 0.608). 따라서 초등학생에서 신체의 성장과 함께 굴절상태가 근사쪽으로 진행하며 안축장 이 증가하는 반면 각막의 굴절력온 갑소하는 것으로 나타났고， 원시 및 정사군보다 근시군에서 근시도 및 안축장악 변화도가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.

Lesch-Nyhan 증후근(LNS)은 hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyle transferase(HGPRT) 효소를 암호화 하는 X 염색체가 불완전해서 일어나는 유전적인 추제외로계(또는 기저핵)의 드문 병변이다. 출생시 LNS 유아는 정상적인 운동발달이 관찰되어진다. LNS에게서 현저하게 진단적인 특징으로 보여지는 운동심리적 행동인 self-mutilating 행위는 4살 이후에나 나타난다. LNS 아이들은 오히려 초기에

The purpose of this study was to survey the concern for health, nutrition knowledge, and nutritional attitude of the elementary school children's mothers, to investigate the correlations among them, and to estimate their effects on the growth of their children. The questionnaire was answered by 780 mothers in the Busan area. The concerns over health and nutritional attitude were above average in all items. The perception and accuracy with respect to nutrition knowledge were 90.3% and 77.0%, respectively, and the mean score of the nutrition knowledge was 17.5 on a basis of twenty-five. This indicates that the subjects had a comparatively deep concern for health and good knowledge of nutrition, and professed a relatively desirable attitude. These results indicate a desirable dietary attitude for children as well as parents. The correlation coefficients between nutrition knowledge and a concern for health, and between nutrition knowledge and nutritional attitude were very low. This suggests that the subjects' knowledge of nutrition does not develop into practice. The correlation coefficient was high (r=.610) between the concern for health and the nutritional attitude. In conclusion, the nutrition education program for mothers should be developed to add good practice to knowledge, thus increasing the concern for health, correcting their faulty knowledge of nutrition, teaching the good nutrition, and taking a practical attitude toward the use of their present nutritional knowledge.