Recently, the air quality issue came to the fore to the occupants of indoor areas with the detection of a large amount of indoor air pollutants such as formaldehyde that causes headache and atopic dermatitis. In order to address this issue, the use of indoor air purifying plants is considered positively as an ecological improvement option. However, the objective performance verification on indoor air-conditioning air volume has not been sufficient. This study aims to verify possible linkage with a building’s air conditioning equipment in order to optimize indoor air-conditioning effects by vegetation bio-filters. To this end, 4 different types of air filter material and AHU (Air Handling Unit) system were linked under air conditions of total wind volume of 400, 600, 800, 1,000 CMH and pressure loss by material was monitored objectively. Finally, material-specific power consumption for system operation was calculated to review energy efficiency. As for pressure loss by material, in terms of total wind volume of 800±1.8 CMH, Pre filter was lowest at –11.69 mmAq and LMF-based vegetation mat was highest at –219.94 mmAq. Based on this, as for material-specific power consumption, the Pre filter, which has the lowest pressure loss, was expected to have power consumption 94.7% lower than the LMF-based vegetation mat.

People today spend 80% of their time indoors and have been showing keen interests in air quality since 2015 due to harmful chemical issues such as humidifier disinfectants. Although plant-based air purification method is widely known to the public, its objective performance and air-conditioning efficiency have been limited. In particular, in the case of publicly used places frequented by many and unspecified persons, high air-conditioning wind volume is required and it is difficult to secure the required total wind volume with the current air purification method using plants. Therefore, in order to secure air-conditioning wind volume when linked with plants, this study aims to verify stability in using vegetation units that can be linked with building air-conditioning equipment. To this end, vegetation units and AHU were linked for 40 hours under no irrigation conditions and ecological environmental changes were monitored objectively. Pressure loss by total wind volume of vegetation units was verified, and soil moisture, Chlorophyll, and FVC were monitored. First, soil moisture was converged to 0% at a spot where wind volume is concentrated in vegetation units. In both of two types of tree species, chlorophyll showed a change of 1.2 - 2.9 SPAD and FVC showed a change of 4-29% after the experiment.

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM) were coupled to simulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The performance of the WRF-VPRM to simulate regional scale CO2 concentration was estimated over coastal basin areas. Either Hestia 2011(HST) or Vulcan 2002(VUL) anthropogenic CO2 emission data were used in two numerical experiments for the study regions. Simulated meteorological variables were validated with ground and background CO2 measurement data, and the results show that the model captured temporal variations of CO2 concentration on a daily basis. CO2 directional analysis revealed that the dominant CO2 emission sources are located S and SW. The simulated Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) agreed relatively well with measured CO2 fluxes at each vegetation class site, showing approximately 40% at max improvement at shrub areas.

This study is a basic research with the aim of developing the method of judging the leakage zone by grasping the habitat characteristic of agricultural reservoir slope in inhabiting characteristics appear differently according to natural inhabiting environment. To this end, this study is intending to investigate slope vegetation using a quadrat technique at Sinheung reservoir located at Gwangsi-myeon, Yesan-gun, Chungnam, and to perform the analysis of importance value using relative frequency and relative coverage, etc. Also, this study intended to present the necessity of having to consider the eco-system of the relevant region in time of a reservoir slope afforestation for the time to come by suggesting that the reservoir slope vegetation after a stable period becomes similar to the regional vegetation by comparing this study result with the existing research which carried out the analysis of importance value of forest vegetation for Yesan Region. The reservoir slope vegetation is similar to the indicator species which appear in the regional forest vegetation, so there was a need to select afforestation species in the light of this in time of slope afforestation. As a result of the analysis of the importance value, this study grasped that there was an emergence characteristic similar to the vegetation at a birthplace of a forest fires because growth and development of forest trees, and perennial plants were restricted by annually implemented brush-cutting work, etc.; however, indigo plant and bush clover , etc. were found to show the characteristic differing from this. Consequently, this study was able to confirm that there is the necessity of having to create the Importance Value Table suited for reservoir slopes by region through a lot more data construction in the near future.

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has played an important role in assessing green plant biomass through remote sensing on global scale since the early 1970s. The concept of NDVI is based on the fact that green plants show higher reflection in near-infrared region than in visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, it is well known that the relocation of chloroplasts in plant leaf cells may dramatically change the optical properties of plant leaves. In this study I traced the changes in the reflectance and transmittance properties of Tobacco leaves at the wavelengths of 660 and 800 nm after a sudden increase in light intensity. The results showed that NDVI of leaves gradually decreased from 72.7% to 69.9% when exposed to a sudden increase in light intensity from 30 to 1,200 μmol/m2 · s. This means that the error resulting from the physiological status of the plant should be accounted for a more precise understanding of ground truth corresponding to the data from the remotely acquired images.

Roadside native vegetation provides important habitat for plants and animals, and provides visual amenity and beauty for drivers and rural areas. In particular, native wildflowers create and maintain attractive landscaping and scenic vistas while help protect and restore the natural environment. However, it is lacking in government policies and guidelines about using native wildflowers for roadside vegetation and alien invasive plants are a major threat to our environment. The purpose of this study is to review the regulations and programs for roadside vegetation, especially native wildflowers in USA in order to learn lessons about developing wildflower policies in Korea. A summary of results follows: (1) the goals of roadside vegetation have been shifted from beautification for pleasant driving experience to sustainable and economical maintenance. (2) Various funds and laws by federal and local government are essential for native wildflower planting and roadside enhancement. (3) Ongoing projects on seed collection and seed banking of native plants are conducted by wildflower research centers to conserve and propagate endangered plants. (4) Recognizing that wildflower viewing holds tremendous potential, increasing local governments try to grow wildflower tourism for economic benefits. In conclusion, we should establish a long-range plan and regulations on roadside wildflowers planting in order to create safe and sustainable transportation corridors in Korea. In addition, more research on wildflower habitat and propagation should be warranted and landscape architects should play a definitive role in providing pleasant driving experiences and promoting wildflower tourism.

In this paper, the material characteristics of field applied green slope soil for development of vegetation shotcrete using mineral additive are evaluated. From the results, after a consolidation of certain level is proceeded, soil hardness and soil strength are not affected by ages. However, in order to ensure slope stability, the cohesion should be improved of green slope soil.

The objective of this study is the development of an artificial soil composition for vegetation in rock slope condition. In this study, the suitability of artificial soils added the cement-based materials is considered. The results show that the pH value of artificial soil added the micro cement was kept in the range of 7.86 to 8.00.

In this paper, the material characteristics of green slope soil for application to vegetation shotcrete using mineral additive are evaluated. From the results, when the compaction level increase, soil hardness and soil strength are increased. However, the cohesion and angle of internal friction are not significantly affected by mix proportions.

This paper presents a study to identify the relationship between vegetation phenology and landslide using remote sensing to access landslide prone areas in an event of an earthquake. A landslide triggered after the April 2015 earthquake in Manaslu Conservation Area in Gorkha District of Nepal was used as a study site. The method proposed in the paper uses pre- and post-event LANDSAT8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images and uses Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for understanding the correlation between vegetation phenology of the study site to the landslide. Comparative study of the result shows lower NDVI mean value after the earthquake and shows that a slope with NDVI mean value lower than 0.247 could be landslide prone. Implication of the result, if confirmed, could aid in identifying landslide prone areas and implementing mitigation programs to either re-vegetate the slope or relocate residents directly under threat.

This study’s purpose was to provide basic data for the monitoring of ecological changes caused by change of vegetation structure of Abies koreana forest in a study site susceptible to climatic change in Yeongsil area of Hallasan Mountain, Jeju Island. Surveys revealed this: in Yeongsil area of Hallasan Mountain, per 1 ha of A. koreana forests, total number 1,781, and A. koreana number 989, accounting for 55.5% of the total number of trees. 190 A. koreana or 19.2% were found to be dead. For the number of individual trees by DBH, trees standing 5 ㎝ -10 ㎝ tall formed the largest portion at 39.9%, and in the case of other trees except A. koreana, the number of individual trees below 5 ㎝ accounted for 23.5% of the total number of trees. The survey of importance by height revealed this: at the top level, the importance of A. koreana was the highest at 106.23, but the sum of importance of temperate deciduous broad-leaved trees (Prunus maximowiczii, Quercus mongolica, and Taxus cuspidata) was higher at 142.84 than that of A. koreana. The analysis of species diversity revealed 0.645 species diversity for the tree layer and 0.817 for the shrub layer; for evenness, 0.549 for the tree layer and 0.664 for the shrub layer; for dominance value; 0.451 for the tree layer and 0.336 for the shrub layer. The analysis of tree vitality revealed that for the A. koreana forests in Yeongsil, the composition ratio of A. koreana by type is AS type>AL type>DS type >DB type, and that of the other trees is AL type>AS type>AF type>AB type. Compared with the forests in other areas, the A. koreana forests in the Yeongsil area have a very high occurrence rate of dead trees, and a high importance of trees is shown in the deciduous broad-leaved tree forests. Compared with the A. koreana forests in the Jindallaebat area, with the same level above sea, the vegetation structures are fast changing. Also, due to dryness and other non-physical environmental changes caused by a lack of rainwater and dry winds in winter, dead trees are fast increasing in number. Environmental changes such as climate change diversely affect the maintenance of A. koreana in individual areas, and if environmental changes are fast and continue long, of the A. koreana forest areas in the Hallasan Mountain, the A. koreana forests in the Yeongsil area will decrease fastest in number and will experience changes in the vegetation structure. Thus, it is necessary to survey the vegetation changes in A. koreana forests, which are distributed in all directions but are centered on Hallasan Mountain, and to thus conduct long-term monitoring and research.

본 연구는 식재된 개수로에서 흐름특성을 모의할 수 있는 수심 적분된 2차원 수치모형을 이용하여 원형 식생역 주변의 흐름을 수치모의하였다. 식생영향을 고려하기 위해 식생항력 항을 지배방정식에 추가하였고 다양한 식생체적비율(SVF) 조건에 따른 수치모의를 수행하였다. 흐름이 원형 식생역을 통과하고 하류에 저유속 구간인 후류영역(wake region)을 형성하며 식생체적비율이 0.08 이상이면 재순환 영역이 발생하였다. 재순환 발생위치는 식생체적비율이 감소하면 식생역 에서 더욱 하류로 이동하였다. 후류영역을 지나 원형 식생역 양 측면에서 유발된 전단층들의 상호작용에 의해 von Kármán 와열이 발생하였다. 원형 식생역 하류에서 발생하는 와류는 식생체적비율이 0.08 이상이 되면 나타나기 시작하였고 발생위치는 난류운동에너지가 최대값을 보이는 위치와 일치하였다. 최대 난류운동에너지는 식생체적비율이 감소하면 줄어드는 것으로 나타났고 최대값의 발생위치는 점점 하류로 이동하였다.

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth conditions and vegetation of Peucedanum japonicum habitatin uninhabited islands of Incheon Korea. The emergence area of Peucedanum japonicum was 4.9m distance in coastline,and altitude and slope was 7.4m and 47.5%. Soil pH, organic matter and P2O5 of habitat were 7.1, 8.3% and 29.0㎎/㎏, andcontents of K, Ca, Mg and Na were 0.66, 4.9, 3.4 and 1.13cmol+/kg, respectively. Growth plants with Peucedanum japonicumwere total 55 taxa, and Gakeuldo in uninhabited islands was the most as 25 taxa. In growth plants with Peucedanumjaponicum, plants of over 25% frequence per plot were Miscanthus sinensis, Dendranthema boreale, Lilium lancifolium,Hemerocallis middendorffii, Elymus dahuricus, Cirsium japonicum var. maackii, Asparagus schoberioides, Gypsophila oldhamiana,Cocculus trilobus, Silene aprica var. oldhamiana, Artemisia capillaris, Crepidiastrum denticulatum and Sedum oryzifolium.The vegetation of Peucedanum japonicum habitat was classified into Aster spathulifolius community, Miscanthus sinensiscommunity, Dendranthema boreale community, Setaria viridis var. pachystachys community, Cirsium japonicum var. maackiicommunity and Hemerocallis middendorffii community. According to general condition of habitat, suitable growing areaswas determined to slightly acidic from mild alkaline soils.

정규식생지수 (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)는 각종 수문모델, 지표-대기 모델에 입력 자료로 사용되는 인자로대기와지표사이의에너지교환및수문기상학적인자의변동성을파악하는데매우중요하다. 이에따라, 식생고유의 분광반사 특성을 이용하여 인공위성으로 관측하는 NDVI 값의 정확한 모의를 위한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 최초의 정지궤도위성인 Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS)에서 산출된 정규식생지수의 적용성을판단하기위해Maximum Value Composite (MVC) 방법을활용하여산정한16일단위, 8일단위의정규식생지수와 MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) 센서에서 관측된 정규식생지수와 비교 검증을 실시하였다. 그 결과 16일 단위와 8일 단위 NDVI 모두 좋은 결과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 COMS의 활용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었으며 추후 수문 생태학적 연구에 중요한 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study was carried out to investigate the vegetation and habitat environment of Sageretia thea which isdistributed in Jeju island, Korea. Sageretia thea were mainly distributed to the west area in Jeju island. Soil pH andEC of Sageretia thea habitat were 5.8 and 0.34dS•m−1. The contents of organic matter, available phosphate, exchangeablepotassium, exchangeable sodium, exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable calcium were 15.27%, 13.6㎎㎏−1,0.27cmol+㎏−1, 1.3cmol+㎏−1, 1.7cmol+㎏−1, 4.9cmol+㎏−1, respectively. Thirty one taxa including 25 families, 31 genus, 27species and 4 varieties were identified surrounding Sageretia thea habitat. Specific plant species were 1 taxon in III grade, 1taxon in I grade and 3 taxa in I grade.

수질개선과 하천개수를 통한 자연형하천 조성으로 주민들의 친수공간으로 이용되고 있는 울산시의 5개 도시하천에 대해 식생을 조사하였다. 하천의 기하학적 특성이나 수질 및 제내지 및 제외지 등 주변여건과 식생의 활성화 등과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 각 하천의 자연형하천 조성시기가 다르고 일천한 관계로 뚜렷한 정량적 상관관계를 얻을 수는 없었으나, 식생의 활성화 정도가 현하천의 수질과 제내지 및 제외지 등 주변 여건에 의한 차이점은 어느 정도 확인할 수 있었다. 자연상태에 가까운 척과천은 식생종류가 다양하였고, 수질과 주변 여건이 좋은 무거천과 명정천은 인위적 유지용수 공급과 개수공사에 의한 인공물이 많지만 식생의 활성화 정도가 좋았다. 반면에 수질이 나쁘거나 하폭과 둔치가 좁은 데도 무리하게 산책로 등을 조성하였던 여천천과 약사천은 식생의 종류가 다양하지 못하였고 활성화도 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 국내를 대표하는 모래하천 낙동강에서 하안식생의 분포와 환경요인의 상관관계를 규명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 경상북도 안동시의 낙동강 일대에서 자연제방 5곳을 실험구간으로 선정하고 84개의 방형구를 설치하여 식물상, 식생피도, 평수위기준상대고도, 토양의 수분함량, 유기물함량, pH, 전기전도도 및 토성분석을 실시하였다. 식생단면조사의 피도값과 환경자료를 바탕으로 정준대응분석(Canonical correspondence analysis)을 실시한 결과 각 식물종은 평수위기준상대고도, 유기물함량, 모래함량 등에 의하여 3개의 그룹으로 구분되었으며 하천의 식생분포에 가장 큰 영향력을 끼치는 환경인자는 평수위기준상대고도로 나타났다.

This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the vegetation structure and the vegetation transition over 25 years (between 1986 and 2010), and the correlation with the change of some conditions (the vegetation height and coverage on each layer and the climate factors as WI, CI, mean annual temperature, mean annual total precipitation etc.) in the Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest,, Hong-Do island. The EBLF is classified into five units of vegetation (Hedera rhombea-Machilus thunbergii community (M-M comm.), Castanopsis sieboldii forest (Machilus japonica-Castanopsis sieboldii community; Raphiolepis indica var. umbellata-C. sieboldii community), community (Qa comm.), Carpinus turczaninovii community (Ct comm.), Camellia japonica stand (Cj stand)). The vegetation transition by CCA had high correlation with the height and coverage on each layer and the climate factors, and it did the succession (transition) that the M-M comm. (2010) from Mallotus japonicus community･Machilus thunbergii community･Carpinus coreana community (Cc comm.)･Aucuba japonica community (Aj comm.)･Trachelos permum asiaticum var. intermedium-Quercus acuta community (TQ comm.) (1986), the communities of C. sieboldii forest (2010) from Aj comm.･TQ comm.･Raphiolepis umbellata-Camellia japonica community (RC comm.) (1986), the Qa comm. (2010) from Ardisia japonica-Castanopsis sieboldii community (AC comm.) and TQ comm. (1986), the Ct comm. (2010) from Cc comm.･RC comm.･Aj comm.･Quercus serrata community and the Cj stand (2010) from AC comm. (1986). the height and coverage on each layer are also changed.