Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance degrade when sulfur dioxide is present in the fuel hydrogen gas, this is referred as SO2 poisoning. This paper reveals SO2 poisoning on PEMFC cathode part by measuring electrical performance of single cell under 1 ppm and 5 ppm on SO2 gas operating. The security of SO2 poisoning depended on SO2 concentration under the best operating conditions(65℃ of cell temperature and 100% of relative humidity between anode and cathode). SO2 adsorption occured on the surface of catalyst layer on membrane electrode assembly (MEA), In addition, MEA poisoning by SO2 was cumulative but reversible. After poisoning within 5 ppm SO2 for 1hr, the electrical performance of PEMFC was found to recover up to about 93% by cyclic voltametry scan.

This study analyzes structural stress and fatigue on control arm of automobile under nonuniform load. Maximum equivalent stress at bolt part is shown with 419.1MPa and the corner is deformed with maximum displacement of 1.1628mm. Among 3 cases of nonuniform fatigue loads applying on control arm, ‘AE bracket history’with the severest change of load becomes most unstable but ‘ample history’becomes most stable. In case of ‘ample history’with the average stress of -105 MPa to 105 MPa and the amplitude stress of 0 MPa to 105MPa, the possibility of maximum damage becomes 3%. This stress state can be shown with 6 times more than the damage possibility of ‘AE bracket history’or ‘AE transmission’ Safety and durability on automobile can be effectively improved by applying the fatigue analysis result on control arm.

It seems that‘The passive form’or “被”character structure of Chinese language, has the formidable vitality in describing the fast-changing Chinese society. A strange phenomenon of Chinese society is constantly showed and humorously posted in the newspaper. For example, some workers‘is volunteered’, examinees‘is volunteered’ for their school and major. As long pig is a popular search engine in recent years, people tend to use these expressions like something is searched‘by long pig’, something‘is spoken by the other person’,‘the money is donated’,‘is been missing’,‘is killed’,‘is paid high price’and so on. Frequent appearance of‘the passive form’in Chinese language should not be people’s lives and society’s habit. Facing awareness of the rights of citizens, influential individual and group, we must be under pressure and have a sense of responsibility. Nevertheless, we have to try hard to solve the problem causing‘the passive form’of Chinese.

The object of this research is to conform of practicable possibility and recycling of producing junk after citrus fruits is processed. With extracting d-limonene oil that have 70~90% a component of oil out of junk citrus peel, making certain the about 12000ppm concentration of it. Limonene derived from citrus in jeju using conventional synthetic detergents can be replaced with the development of environmentally friendly natural detergent investigated the possibility. Mostly due to ocean dumping, disposal and cause environmental problems by recycling natural citrus cleaner alternative to the research conducted on the possibility. Cleaning efficiency with temperature did not affect the largest concentrations were able to identify the difference between cleaning efficiency. At least 10% of the d-limonene oil could be from the cleaning performance, increasing the concentration of the cleaning efficiency was increased in size. Ultrasonic is very high removal efficiency under the conditions shown in the cause of pure self-generated ultrasonic cleaning power as co-effects of d-limonene oil appears to chemical cleaning effect of ultrasonic cavitation occurs in the physical cleaning effect due to a combination of synergistic stability is maximized by low concentrations of d-limonene oil in a short time showed an excellent cleaning ability. Having the ability of cleaning at the same time, considering the side recycling in the junk citrus peels reflects possibility of basic materials utility eco-friendly in the skin soap, bath soap, cosmetics etc, through ability of exclusion a contaminant in based cleaning effect(EC) it can prospect substitution effect environmentally in the pre existence synthetic detergents.

现代汉语的被动句可分为有标志被动句与无标志被动句。其中无标志被 动句与null subject主题句，在形式方面结构非常相似。因此，它们的分类 及分析方法上有很多错误。为了补充形式上的解释，本稿采取认知语言学的 观点来解释被动句的制约条件，进而来区分无标志被动句与null subject主 题句。按词汇概念，被动句的‘相(aspect)’和无标志被动句的事件可分别分析 为下面的意义结构。[[[xACT]CAUSE[BECOME[y<STATE>]]]CAUSE[BECOME[y<AF FECTED>]]] → [[do'[∅<manner>(y)]]CAUSE[BECOME[y<AFFECT ED>]]]。这个结构说明的最大的特征就是被影响论项(而不是受事论项)的存 在。而加上‘相(aspect)’的特征的话，可以表现为[y<RES-STATE=∅[[do' [∅<manner>(y)]]CAUSE[BECOME[y<AFFECTED>]]]>]。如果句子符 合这些制约条件，它可以分确定为无标志被动句。

In this study, we optimized Pb-free Sn/Ni plating thickness and conditions were optimized to counteract the environmental regulations, such as RoHS and ELV(End-of Life Vehicles). The B10 life verification method was also suggested to have been successful when used with the accelerated life test(ALT) for assessing Pb-free solder joint life of piezoelectric (PZT) ceramic resonator. In order to evaluate the solder joint life, a modified Norris-Landzberg equation and a Coffin-Manson equation were utilized. Test vehicles that were composed of 2520 PZT ceramic resonator on FR-4 PCB with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu for ALT were manufactured as well. Thermal shock test was conducted with 1,500 cycles from (-40±2)˚C to (120±2)˚C, and 30 minutes dwell time at each temperature, respectively. It was discovered that the thermal shock test is a very useful method in introducing the CTE mismatch caused by thermo-mechanical stress at the solder joints. The resonance frequency of test components was measured and observed the microsection views were also observed to confirm the crack generation of the solder joints.

Colors in the poems are non-verbal communication. Colors in the poetry have symbolism and color meanings that go beyond ink. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to investigate how Yeats chooses colors for his poems and how those colors are related to his poetic imagination. Yeats uses many colors in his poems in order to strengthen his poetic themes. The color that he uses frequently in The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats is red. The color red is often related to the word blood in several of his poems. In Yeats’s poems, the color red and blood are connected to Ireland and the Irish people’s devotion to their country. In his poems Yeats tries to praise the beauty of Ireland and those people who dedicated their lives to Ireland. For example, in “To the Rose upon the Rood of Time,” “The Rose Tree,” “To Ireland in the Coming Times” and so on, Yeats uses the red and blood imagery associated with Ireland in order to exalt his own country and his own people just as Christians praise the red blood of Jesus Christ shed on the cross for their salvation. Finally, grasping the meaning of various colors used in his poetry will help us understand his poems more broadly.

“被字句”는 현대 중국어에서 가장 전형적인 피동문 형식이다. “被字句”의 주요 성분 “被”는 의미상, 통사상의 특징으로 인해 그 품사적 성격에 대해 많은 이견을 가지고 있다. 일반적으로 “被”는 피동문에서 동작의 행위주를 이끄는 성분으로 인정되지만 실제 운용에 있어 그 의미 기능에 근거하면 “被”의 품사적 성격은 다르게 해석될 수 있다. 피동문의 형식이 요구하는 바에 따라, 또한 구성 성분의 구비 조건에 따라 “被字句”는 두 가지 종류로 분류될 수 있다. 하나는 피동의 의미를 표현하는 경우이며 또 다른 한자기는 피동의 의미를 표시하지 못하고 원인의 의미만을 표현하는 경우이다. “被字句”가 피동의 의미를 표현할 때 문장 내 “被”는 피동동사로서주어에 의미역을 부여해줄 수 있으며 “被字句”가 피동을 표현하지 못하고 원인을 표시할 경우 “被”는 전치사로 후치하는 성분에만 의미역을 부여할 수 있게 된다.

현재 완도항은 인근해역을 통항하는 선박이 황천을 만났을 때 피항할 수 있는 묘박지의 부족으로 항만 안전에 많은 위험요소가 내재하고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 완도항 인근 해역의 지리적인 조사를 하여, 피항 정박지의 최적지를 제안하고자 하였다. 정박지 제안을 위하여, 인근 해역의 어장 조사를 실시하여 정박지 부근의 어장위치 등을 조사하여, 위해 요소를 분석하였다. 또한 통항선박과의 안전관계를 위하여, 해상교통조사를 실시하였으며, 이를 정박지 지정에 반영하였다. 이를 바탕으로 최적 정박지를 후보지로 제안하였다.

본 연구에서는 풍하중을 받는 장대 교량의 버페팅에 의하여 발생하는 변동응력에 대한 실용적인 피로평가 방법과 절차를 연구하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위하여 추계학적 해석으로 추정한 버페팅 응답으로부터 응력 범위의 발생 확률, 풍속 및 풍향의 발생확률, 피로 평가를 위한 일련의 절차를 제시하였다. 해석 예제로 장경간 현수교를 대상으로 본 연구의 방법을 적용하여 피로평가를 수행하였다.

저 농도와 고 농도 돈분 액비의 비료효과를 비교하기 위해 제주대학교 목장에서 2005년 6월부터 9월까지 피의 생산성, 피 재배 토양의 화학적 특성 및 용탈수 특성을 조사하였다. 실험은 난괴법 4처리 (무비구, 200 N kg/ha +150Pkg/ha+150 K kg/ha 화학비료구, 200 N kg/ha 1.8% DM 저농도 돈액비구, 200 N kg/ha DM 7.0% 고농도 돈액비구) 4반복으로 실시하였다. 용탈수는 2005년 8월 21일(1차),

본 시험은 제주도에서 재배되고 있는 제주재래 등 총 6품종을 공시하여 피 품종 간의 생초 및 건물수량과 사료가치 등을 조사 분석하여 간척지에서 최적 사료용 피 품종 선발을 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위해 충청남도 당진군에 소재한 대호간척지에서 1년간 수행하였다. 출현율은 겸용인 Summer green 품종이 95.0%로 가장 높았다. 생초 및 건물수량은 Summer green 품종ol 각각 21,444kg/ha와 5,296.5kg/ha으로 가장 높았다. 조