화산 분화시 분출량과 분연주 높이는 기상 자료와 함께 화산재 확산에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 대한 영향을 분석하기 위하여 유한 차분 명시적 방법과 오일러리안 기법 기반의 화산재 확산 모형인 FALL3D를 이용하여 수치해석을 실시 할 수 있는 화산재 확산 시뮬레이션 시스템을 개발하였다. FALL3D 시뮬레이션을 통한 화산재 확산 예측을 위해서는 풍향과 풍속 등의 기상 수치 자료가 필요하며 본 시뮬레이션 시스템은 한국 기상청의 UM(Unified Model) 자료와 NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)의 자료를 원시 자료로 사용할 수 있다. 또한 원시 기상 자료의 자료 해상도를 높이는 방법으로 WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model) 기상 모형 시뮬레이션이 절차에 포함된다. 마지막으로 화산재 확산 결과를 해석하기 위한 분석 방법을 추가할 수 있도록 하고, 그 결과를 웹 인터페이스를 통해서 확인할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 화산재 확산 시뮬레이션 시스템은 화산재 확산 시뮬레이션 수행, 결과 해석 처리, 해석 결과의 가시화를 자동으로 수행하여, 화산재해의 분석 능력을 크게 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

As the role of the Web as a platform has been extended and HTML5 standard is widespread, many kind of web-based applications have been developed. In many recent applications, two-way communication and server push functionality is required, but HTTP protocol does not support it. As a result, various methods have been proposed and used in order to realize two-way communication on the web. In this paper, these two-way communication methods are briefly introduced and analyzed their strong and weak points in the aspect of implementation, time responsibility, server load and compatibility. Base on the analytical results, it is proposed guidelines for selecting the best method according to the application type and the operating environment.

Les apprenants coréens de français langue étrangère ont, en Corée, rarement l'occasion d'utiliser le français en dehors de la salle de classe. Cependant, le développement des outils de Communications Médiatisées par Ordinateurs (CMO) leur fournissent un environnement d'apprentissage plus favorable pour surmonter les contraintes d’isolement et les aident à améliorer leurs capacités à communiquer en français. Notre travail de recherche porte sur l’utilisation de ressources en ligne. Ce parcours est divisé en trois segments selon les stades atteints dans l'apprentissage de la prononciation : la présentation, la pratique, la production (3P). En outre, des questionnaires et des entretiens ont été menés pour mesurer l'utilité perçue de ce site. Sur dix semaines, les principaux résultats de cette étude sont les suivants: la prononciation a d'abord été analysée à travers un pré-test et un post-test par des enregistrements. Les résultats du post-test ont montré une nette amélioration de leur prononciation, en particulier en lecture à haute voix plus qu’en expression libre. Cela souligne la difficulté de parvenir à un usage automatique d’une prononciation apprise consciemment. Ces ressources en ligne ont montré leur utilité dans l'apprentissage des caractéristiques prosodiques. A la lecture des enquêtes, les étudiants reconnaissaient un effet positif en prononciation, pour l'écoute et la prise de parole. Cette amélioration serait due à la possibilité de télé-charger, d’écouter et de répéter des fichiers authentiques, mais aussi aux taches communicatives proposées, qui intégraient des conversations en ligne.

In this paper, we present the result of analytical investigation pertaining to the structural behavior of steel-concrete composite plate girder with arch-type web stiffener. In the arch-type web stiffener located in the compression side of web, infill concrete is cast to strengthen the arch-type stiffener and also to exert resisting force against compression force. This type of composite steel-concrete plate girder bridge is built and is in service. To understand the behavior thoroughly, analytical parametric study was conducted by using the finite element method. As a result it was found that the effect of arch-type stiffener with infill concrete is considerable for the design of such type composite girder bridge.

Malaria is an infectious disease that cause chilling, fever and hepatosplenomegaly by protozoan in plasmodium invading red blood cell, carried by anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria is transmitting steadily in South Korea from 1993 when vivax malaria retransmission occurred to soldiers at the front line near North Korea. There are many attempts in academic fields to analyse the causes by carrying out correlation analysis considering weather elements and regional characteristics, also developing tools for analysis. However, existing analysis tools have many limitations relating multi-platform support, user associability, limitation of information and so on. This study is to improve these limitations by developing hybrid web app concepted malaria vulnerability map system. Thus, it is possible to check the real-time malaria risk information, even in mobile platforms, and maximize the support for ease of use by using the implements and game UI animation technology of mobile-specific functions. Further utilizing a frame animation technology is a game animation techniques visual representation, and visually provides a time zone of malaria risk information, it is attempted to increase the user access. The system is expected to utilized by experts in related fields and general users.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of two different types of vocabulary activities on Korean EFL learners’ vocabulary learning and perceptions. The participants of the study were 30 Korean middle school students in Seoul, and they were divided into two groups (typography and web-based authoring). The former employed the word meaning and spelling image association technique and the latter used a multimedia vocabulary authoring tool for 42 target words. The major findings of the study are as follows: (1) Both the typography and the web-based vocabulary authoring groups showed significant improvement on the posttest of vocabulary test, which indicated the equal effectiveness of the two vocabulary activities; (2) with respect to different English proficiency levels, the low-level group showed much higher improvement of the mean difference between pre and post tests than the higher group; and (3) the participants’ perceptions turned out to be more positive when they participated in creating English word spelling image than authoring multimedia vocabulary learning materials. The results suggest the beneficial effects of active student involvement in the vocabulary learning process. Pedagogical and practical suggestions are made on the effective teaching of English vocabulary in Korean classroom settings.

Collective intelligence is important and necessary since it is a strong method to apply across the applicable areas in terms of educational scene of school and company, drawing up and operation of social policy as well as management aspect of company and to have a strong influence. In this regard, Ivan Illich criticized the function of education as one of a social evaluation system that injects what society wants from people, cultivates talents which society wants, rather than allowing people to learn and growth through a social education function of society, while applying destructive standards of social evaluation and culling people to those who do not follow such routes. Ivan Illich has made diverse and actual suggestions for becoming active learners as the society opens and connects various resource for the people to select by themselves rather than making people learn with an artificial education system. This suggestion gives considerable implications to the current online community beyond exclusively an off-line oriented community. Accordingly, this study aims to identify several limitations that educational application of collective intelligence has in the swirling era of change based on such suggestions of Ivan Illich and to present alternatives for this.

Fish community was investigated in eutrophic Jeondae agricultural reservoir from April to November 2012. The food web structure of major fish species of Jeondae reservoir showed that due to serious organic pollution, thehyper-eutrophic condition with high chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), as estimated by stable isotope analysis. Total of 679 individuals were collected from the reservoir, and 9 species were identified. Interestingly, Lepomis macrochirus and Hemiculter eigenmanni known as less sensitive to pollution and water quality deterioration, dominated the reservoir, and their relative abundances were 38% and 27%, respectively. Further, the analysis of the stomach contents revealed that main food source of dominant L. macrochirus was high amount of zooplankton, which includes copepoda and cladocera, while Cyprinidae species mainly consumed organic particles with zooplankton preys. Stable isotope analysis also suggested that L. macrochirus, Carassiusauratus, Pseudorasboraparva, and H. eigenmanni are major zooplantivorous group in the Jeondae Reservoir.

온라인 쇼핑을 이용하는 사람들의 수는 시간이 지날수록 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있다. 그 중에서도 오픈마 켓은 가장 각광받고 있는 온라인 시장이다. 현재 오픈마켓은 너무 많은 상품들로 인해 고객들이 원하는 상품을 찾을 때 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 따라서 오픈마켓은 효율적인 상품을 제공할 수 있도록 인터페이스를 개선해 야 한다. 본 연구는 국내 오픈마켓 주요 4사의 메인 화면을 기준으로 웹 인터페이스를 분석하였고, 분석요인에 대한 만족도 평가를 진행하였다. 분석결과, 고객들이 어떠한 요인을 선호하는지에 대해서 알 수 있었으며, 설문 응답자로부터 가장 높은 만족도를 얻은 오픈마켓과 응답자들의 선호 요인이 인과관계를 가짐을 확인하였다.

In the era of 2.0 web, blog has become the media that men can express themselves with fashion more actively and independently, as paying much attention to their personal appearance and cultivating an upscale lifestyle. They often create their fashion images in the virtual space where enables a free and creative operations of self-expression. The study aims to identify the types of men's ego-images represented on the personal fashion blogs based on the framework of analysis from the previous research (Suh, 2014), to build the base data for analyzing men's fashion style in 21st21st century that reflects changes in men's sexual images, and to verify the framework as comparing with the previous case study about the women blogs (Suh, 2014). The case studies conducted 5 men's personal blogs such as bryanboy, iamgala, little fashionisto, katelovesme, and stylentonic. The study results almost same types of women's ego-images as following. The imaginary ego-image is classified as narcissism, regression, identification, and virtuality, the social ego-image as symbolism of roles and others'desire, the real ego as primary instinct, practical reality, object a, jouissance and sexual perversion. The personal style of men shown on the fashion blogs appears as a significant factor to analyze male customers in the growing men's beauty and fashion market.

담관 막양구조는 유병률, 병인에 대해 명확히 정립되지 않은 매우 드문 질환이다. 원인은 선천적으로 발생하기도 하며 담관결석과 동반하여 만성 염증에 의해 후천적으로 발생하기도 한다. 특징적인 임상 증상이 없는 경우가 많으나 일부 환자에서 폐쇄성 담관염의 증상을 유발할 수 있다. 진단 또한 어려웠으나 최근 여러 담도계 검사법의 발달로 조기 발견 빈도가 높아지게 되었다. 저자들은 증상이 없이 우연히 담관 결석이 발견된 65세 남자 환자에서 역행성 담췌관조영술로 총담관 막양구조를 진단하고 풍선 확장술로 치료한 예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

최근 웹과 스마트폰 앱이 갖는 장점을 활용한 컨텐츠가 속속 개발되고 있으나, 웹지도 이용실태에 대한 현황조사는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 이 연구에서는 초등 사회과 지리교육에서 웹지도의 활용현황과 교사들의 요구를 파악하기 위한 조사를 수행하여 웹지도 활용교육이 나아가야 할 발전 방향을 모색해 본다. 연구자료는 설문조사와 면담을 통해 수집하였다. 분석결과, 교사들은 웹지도를 일상생활에 주로 사용하지만, 수업시간에도 웹지도는 초등 사회과 지리교육에서 지도의 원리 학습 및 적용에 활용되고 있었다. 주로 일반도와 위성영상지도를 활용하며 각 웹지도 사이트별 활용하는 지도의 유형에 선호도 차이를 보였다. 교사들은 웹지도에 대해 지명, 위치찾기 등에 만족하며 백과사전과 같은 지역정보, 지도에 나오는 지역의 사진, 동영상 등이 웹지도와 결합되어 제공되기를 희망하였다. 교실 IT 인프라 환경은 웹지도 활용의 장애요인이 되고 있으며, 교사들은 기능과 디자인면에서 교사와 학생의 조작, 변형, 활용이 용이한 웹지도 서비스의 요구를 드러냈다. 또 교사들의 경력과 사회과 교수 곤란도에 따라 웹지도에 대한 만족도와 활용에 있어 차이를 나타내므로 이를 고려한 정책적 지원이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

This research is intended to provide marketing practitioners with an overview of web analytics to explore the issue of how to define and measure the effectiveness of social media through analyzing the various activities of current/potential consumers as well as provide a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of digital content marketing using social media. These analytics answer broad questions about which types of social media metrics are best at referring traffic, about conversations at the organization’s website, and about comparing different social media channels, such as Facebook and Twitter in this study. These analytics employ time series analysis to specifically address activities in SNSs that effectively drive traffic to a website and accomplish business goals. This study is one of the first empirical investigations in the marketing communication field related to measuring social media’s effectiveness. The major goal of this study is to demonstrate the value of businesses’ efforts and to optimize their digital/social marketing strategy using web analytics.

It is same such as the provision of shear buckling strength of steel composite box girder web panel and plate girder web panel in Korea Highway Bridge Design Standards(2012). But the web panel of steel composite box girder is different from the web of plate girder in that the upper slab and lower flange are connected to the web. So a different shear behavior of the girders is expected. In this study, To calculate a reasonable elastic shear buckling strength of steel composite box girder web panel, ABAQUS program was used. The results from F.E.A and previous studies are compared.

This study introduces the web-camera image processing-based natural landmark extraction method for automatic welding using 3-axis stage. The welding is a highly significant process in the industries of shipbuilding, automobile, construction, machinery, and so on. However, it has been avoided due to poor working conditions such as fume, spatter, noise, and so on. For the automatic welding system, the web-camera is used to extract the natural landmarks which can give the relative coordinate to set up the initial position of the stage for the welding process. The Canny edge and Hough transformation have been used to extract the significant points for the natural landmark extraction in this paper.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of Clinical practice learning using a web-based e-book on nursing students' learning motivation, knowledge achievement and satisfaction with clinical practice. Methods: The participants in this study were 69 third-year nursing students (34 in the experimental and 35 in the control group) from a C-university in G-city, Korea, who were engaged in one-week clinical practicum in a gastroenterology ward. The data were analyzed by x²-test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test with the SPSS program 20.0. Results: After intervention, compared to the control group, the experimental group reported significant difference in Learning motivation (t=-3.61, p<.001), knowledge achievement(t=-2.92, p<.001), and satisfaction with clinical practice (t=-8.78, p<.001) in the training course using Mosby's nursing skills. Conclusion: These results identified that clinical practice learning using Mosby’s Nursing Skills was effective for the improvement of learning motivation, knowledge achievement and satisfaction with clinical practice. These results indicate that the implementation of an e-Learning needs to be continued as an effective educational tool. Also, it is needed to research more for better ways to implement e-Learning on students’ practicum.

Sperm cell development in spider species undergoes in testicular cyst, containing certain number of cells per cyst. As a germ cell matures through entire stages of spermatogenesis, testicular cysts rupture and produced spermatozoa are transferred in a form of cleistosperm. When mature spermatozoa pass through deferent duct, it is known that various types of seminal secretions are released into the lumen to provide auxillary functions to the mature sperms – such as nutrition, protection, or sperm release inside the female body. However, a peculiar type of seminal secretion was observed in this study. In the lumen of deferent duct, encapsulated seminal secretions are observed along with coiled sperm cells. Since the capsule is quite thick – as thick as the one of mature sperm cell, it is thought that the secretion capsule would be transferred as well along with the sperm cells into the spermathecae probably activiating sperm cells through decapsulation. Also, this study revealed that sperm storage in deferent duct occurs in droplet-by-droplet basis; which suggests possible sperm inducing mechanism. Since spider uses pedipalps in copulation to transfer its sperm cells, spider has to fill it accordingly. In other words, stored sperms in deferent duct are released in a droplet at once.