딸기의 전조재배에 적합한 인공광원을 모색하기 위해 적색과 청색의 LED를 이용하여 설치조건을 검토하였다. 시험에 사용된 인공광원은 LED PAR(PPFD 2~4μmol·m-2·s-1), LED BAR(PPFD 100~120μmol·m-2·s-1), 백열등(PPFD 2~4μmol·m-2·s-1)이고 전조시기는 정화방이 개화하는 시점에 22시~01시까지 3시간동안 연속조명하였다. 무처리보다는 전조처리구가 초장과 엽병장이 길었으며, 그 중 백열등이 가장 많이 생장하였다. 전조처리구에서 지상부의 생체중과 건물중은 LED PAR 처리구에서 생장량 대비 가장 무거웠다. 지상부의 엽면적 생장량에서는 무처리 보다는 전조처리구가 엽면적이 증대하는 경향이었고, LED PAR 처리가 엽면적이 넓었다. 엽록소 함량은 전조 후 60일 경에는 LED PAR를 제외하고는 모두 감소하는 경향이었다. 광원별로 광 환경을 시뮬레이션한 결과, 100W 백열등 배광곡선이 원형에 가까워 전조재배시 하우스 위쪽으로 많이 발광되는 것을 볼 수 있다. LED PAR 타입을 설치했을 때는 직진성이 강한 LED의 특성상 조명의 중심이 40lux 이상이며 좁은 지향각과 낮은 설치 위치로 인해 좁은 지역에 집광되는 현상이 나타나고 조명과 조명사이에 기준조도 이하의 음영지역이 발생 하였다. 따라서 설치 높이는 2m, 설치 간격은 3.75m로 조절하였고, 배치형태는 W타입으로 변경하여 전체 식물에 1.2μmol·m-2·s-1 이상이 조사될 수 있도록 기준 조도와 균제도를 맞추어 최적화하였다.

In this study, structural stability of large diameter high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe during installation was numerically investigated in order to investigate the effect of concrete collar dimension, water depth and tension (pulling force). From the numerical simulation results, the total stress of HDPE pipe with designed concrete collar was within 2.5%, so the total weight of concrete collar for sinking of HDPE is important rather than concrete collar dimension. Furthermore, the tension area for possible installation is decreased as the air filling rate is increased. Therefore, it is important to calculate the reasonable tension range before actual installation for safe installation of HDPE pipe.

This study aims at developing the paraglider with the enhanced function and safety of flight by performing the simulation and test of flight with two slots at each wing tip of canopy. When the distributions of velocity and shear stress at wall around the canopy were compared, the canopy with slots showed the distribution of less velocity and shear stress at wall significantly than the canopy without slots by confirming the safety of the paraglider. Series of simulation were conducted to achieve the optimal shape of slots by applying various sizes and positions of the slots, resulting nine cases with the better outcome on which flight tests were based. The flight test results in this study confirmed that canopy with slots showed the improved flight function by increasing the maximum velocity, decreasing the minimum velocity, delaying the stall timing significantly and consequently improving the safety of the paraglider. Based on the simulation and flight tests, three cases with the best outcome have been selected for merchandising strategies.

In military, Electro-optic/Infra-red system that is used to obtain the target image of high performance induced blur images by the vibration of the carrier and inner optical devices. Optical devices of the EO/IR is constituted by the optical lens, detector and mechanical assembly. High performance detectors for IR camera are typically used for stirling cryocooler to maintain the temperature of the detection surface cryogenically. However, This cooler induces a blur image on detector surface by the vibration. In this study, we performed modal analysis and response analysis of the mounting structure design which can minimize the vibration of the cooler and detector. Also, We confirmed that we were designed robust mounting structure according to the vibration through the response analysis models the inner gimbal and optics.

In this study, the stability of fishing vessels get some change in accordance with the installation of LED luring lamp in comparison with metal halide luring lamp were investigated. Inclining test for 9.77 ton class of squid jigging and hair-tail angling vessel was performed in order to make a stability evaluation. A performance analysis of the target vessels to the stability on the basis of KST-SHIP program was evaluated. The results were as follows in this study. The stability of the fishing vessel by a metal halide such as LED and the like according to the result obtained by the inclining test is a slightly present difference, and the stability is not affected. The fishing vessel with LED lamp installed satisfies all the stability criteria specified in law and IMO rule. Compared to the metal halide LED lamp the increase of the height of the center of gravity and the initial transverse metacenter was caused. Due to the LED installation, the somewhat wider wind area of the waterline, which appears as a result, does not lead to an actual increase in rolling period. But then it is necessary to be designed on that the LED lamp shape reduces wind pressure area. Because of LED lamp installation, the GM value of vessels is increasing faster rolling cycle so causes a decrease in the sense that the crew is aboard.

Fire detectors are designed to minimize loss of life from a fire alarm system as an alarm to help evacuate more quickly until the completion of the evacuation alarm should be continued. the purpose of such alarms in order to achieve the characteristic fire heat release rate reaches a certain level, or when a certain time has elapsed, when the heat detector is to be alarms to answer. Requires a quick response, it is desirable to install the sensor as much as possible, but taking into account the cost of installation problems by engineering approach to minimize the quantity and rapidity of detection capability should be increased. In order to increase the rapidity of fire detectors in a room according to the height of the sensing period is to be maintained the optimum distance of the fire detector detects characteristics should be considered. Differential spot-type heat detectors installed domestic basis, depending on the type of sensor that can detect one sensor area is limited and less than 4m ceiling height regulations and simply double the number in excess of 4m and intended to be installed

The recent rise in SARS and bird flu infections around the world has raised the interest in studying the habits of air borne pathogens such as germs and viruses. In this study, simulations were carried out to predict the performance of UVGI air sterilizer at preventing airborne infections inside a car, based on the installation position and the removing effect of the UVGI air sterilizer. Simulation results showed that the UVGI air sterilizer was most effective when located at the rear side of the front seats. It was also showed that when the out-air mode and the UVGI air sterilizer were set to the highest capacity, the microbial safety levels were maintained in a car for 21 hours.

The HANARO reactor constructed from Jan. 1985 to April 1995, and a major utilization system, the Cold Neutron Research Facility was completed Nov. 2010. The cold neutron research facility consists of a Cold Neutron Source, a process system, a neutron guide and a Spectrometer. A moderator is utilized to transform thermal neutrons into cold neutrons. A moderator cell accommodates the moderator. The inner assembly contains an aluminum moderator cell connected to a stainless steel heat exchanger by a bi-metallic transition joint. An In-Pool Assembly is welded to this inner assembly and a double flexible pipe, and a vacuum chamber is inserted. After HANARO reactor shutdown, the in-pool assembly was installed at a cold neutron hole in the reactor pool. We confirmed a precise installation by using an underwater TV camera for a nuclear reactor inspection. In-pool assembly connected to double flexible pipe each system in the Cold Neutron Research Facility. After cold neutron research facility operated, the reliability of vacuum system, helium refrigerator system, gas blanket system and hydrogen system for maintenance was confirmed.

This study researched changes over time regarding the location and spatial characteristics of modern meteorological stations, and examined the characteristics of modern meteorological station construction using the location and spatial characteristics of the Busan Meteorological Station. First, meteorological stations were located in port areas, and then moved to high altitude areas for stable meteorological observation beginning in the transition phase. Here, office buildings and residences were joined, but were separated due to the increase in functions from the stabilization phase. Second, as for spatial composition, in the establishment phase, existing buildings were used, and the scale of newly constructed buildings differed according to time and area. However, after the Japan-Korea Annexation, with increased funds and increased observation equipment, floor plans subdivided by function started to appear. In the stabilization phase, space was subdivided with redundancy due to the increase in functions. In the wartime transition phase, ‘ㅡ’ shaped floor plans with redundancy became the norm. Meanwhile, the location of the maritime customs where the first meteorological observations took place after the opening of the ports, and the location and construction of the Busan Temporary Observatory built in the meteorological observation transition phase (1905) were investigated. Also, through the investigation of the Busan Meteorological Observatory, newly constructed before 1934, the location and spatial characteristics of modern era meteorological observatories were studied.

외국의 배타적 경제수역과 대륙붕에서 군사기기의 설치가 허용되는지에 관하여 다음과 같은 두 개의 견해가 존재한다. 첫째, 유엔해양법협약 제58조와 제87조의 해석을 통해 외국의 허가 없이도 군사기기(예컨대, 고정식 수중음향 탐지장비)의 설치가 가능하다는 견해이다. Treves 교수의 견해에 따르면, 군사기기는 그 크기가 매우 작아 구조물 내지 시설물에 포함되지 않고, 선박의 운행과 연관된 ‘관선부설 자유’의 범주에 해당하기 한다. 따라서 유엔해양법협약 제58조에 따라 연안국의 동의가 없이도 군사기기의 설치가 가능하다는 입장이다. 두 번째 견해는 유엔해양법협약 제58조와 제87조의 해석에 따라 외국의 배타적 경제수역이나 대륙붕에서 군사기기를 설치하기 위해서는 연안국의 허가가 필요하다는 입장이다. Zedalis 교수는 군사기기의 크기가 매우 작아 시설물 내지 구조물에 해당하지 않는다는 Treves 교수의 견해에 관하여, 중요한 것은 크기가 아니라 특성 내지 기능적 속성에 기인하는 문제이며, 수중음향 탐지장비와 같은 군사기기의 설치를 ‘관선부설 자유’의 범주에 포함시키거나, ‘선박의 운용에 연관된’ 문제로 파악하는 것은 유엔해양법협약 제58조와 동 협약 제87조의 차이점을 무시하는 것이라고 지적한다. 많은 국가들이 자국의 배타적 경제수역과 대륙붕에서의 군사기기 설치에 거부적인 태도를 보이는 것은 군사기기 설치에 연안국의 허가를 요구하는 명백한 입장을 보여준다. 외국의 배타적 경제수역 내지 대륙붕에 동의 없이 그러한 군사기기를 설치하는 것은 국제법의 규정에 부합하지 않으며 상대방 국가의 군사적 안보를 해할 수 있다는 점에서 해양의 평화적 이용의 범주에 해당하지 않을 수 있다. 따라서 외국의 동의가 없는 군사기기의 설치는 자제되어야 마땅하다. 왜냐하면 해양의 평화적 이용은 유엔해양법협약 전반을 관통하는 원칙으로서 동 협약 전문에서 보는 바와 같이 해양법에 관련된 모든 문제를 상호 이해와 협력의 정신으로 해결하고 모든 국가의 주권을 적절히 고려해야 할 것을 요구하고 있기 때문이다.마지막으로 국제항행에 이용되는 해협 내에 공해가 존재하는 경우 군사기기의 설치를 위해 허가를 받을 필요는 없지만, 오늘날 대부분의 국가들이 배타적 경제수역을 선포하고 있는 점을 감안할 때, 공해를 포함하는 국제해협을 상정하기는 사실상 어렵다.

Pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymeric plastic (PFRP) and FRP member manufactured by sheet molding compound (SMC) have superior mechanical and physical properties compared with those of conventional structural materials. Since FRP has an excellent corrosion-resistance and high specific strength and stiffness, the FRP material may be highly appreciated for the development of floating-type photovoltaic (PV) power generation system. In this paper, advanced floating PV generation system made of PFRP and SMC is designed. In the design, it includes tracking solar altitude by tilting photovoltaic arrays and tracking solar azimuth by spinning structures. Moreover, the results of the finite element analysis (FEA) are presented to confirm stability of entire structure under the external loads. Additionally, installation procedure and mooring systems in the Hap-Cheon Dam are discussed and the measurement of strain under the actual circumstances is conducted for assuring stability of actually installed structures. Finally, by comparison with allowable stress, appropriate safety of structure is confirmed to operate the system.

The purpose of this study is based on Nam June Paik’s first solo exhibition, entitled ≪Exposition of Music-Electronic Television≫ which was held in 1963 at Galerie Parnass in Wuppertal, Germany. This was Paik’s first exhibition on the work of electronic television. Furthermore, this exhibition has provided the initial point of Video Art and that counts as an important meaning for researching Paik’s works. In 21st century many art museums are attempting to reproduce Paik‘s first exhibition itself. For this point of view the purpose of this study is focusing on the exhibition installation and its effects of the ≪Exposition of Music-Electronic Television≫. Paik has solely organized and directed this ≪Exposition of Music-Electronic Television≫ and also designed the poster. At Galerie Parnass Paik had made the exhibition with operated electric television, scenarios staged with prepared piano and mechanical sound objects along with record players and audio tape installations. Through this exhibition it turned the space of exhibition into an art work. The audience could freely experience the individual spaces which holds its own characteristics by operating the installed art works. All the different materials and physical effects installed in different rooms, all kinds of objects making sound or noise, and furthermore the works that needed audience participation have shown that characteristics of Paik’s major interest about the ‘space’, ‘sound of everyday life’, and ‘Audience participation’. Moreover, Paik has directed this ≪Exposition of Music-Electronic Television≫ not only dependent on standardized visual part but also multilateral experience approach for open exhibition. Paik’s intention for his exhibition was that the audience could be free inside exhibition space and this intention aroused the unknown artist Joseph Beuys to have spasmodic happening performance in his show. Joseph Beuys have smashed the lying piano on Paik’s show through this performance and Paik was satisfied with Joseph Beuys’s unforeseeable performance. This performance was not only about wrecking the art work but rather ‘homage to Nam june Paik’. For this kind of exhibition circumstance, Paik has made the television which was the linear communication with the audience to the ‘art work that is completed by the audience’. The passive viewers of television have become active viewers through making sound in front of television or operating the images with the sound volume while they are participating on Paik’s exhibition. Moreover, Paik has transformed the main classical instrument piano to attempt Art as a ‘playful’ thing, which was a priority only for the privileged classes. ≪Exposition of Music-Electronic Television≫ was Paik’s unique exhibition that holds ‘space and the sound’, ‘audience participation’, ‘experimenting new medium’. Paik has made the exhibition space as a one united space environment and did not segregate the ‘Art and everyday life’ and ‘Artist(subject) and Audience(object)’ which have made ‘space’, ‘audience’, ‘new medium’ as an Art.

PURPOSES : This research is a study on the changes in the road network of the surrounding area is installed according to the Kiss & Ride Zone. METHODS : Estimating the transportation mode of students by using the Metropolitan household Surveys(2006) and estimating the O/D by Kiss & Ride ratio with the estimated data, then being applied to a method of reducing the number of lanes for certain sections of the road which would be installed with Kiss & Ride Zone. RESULTS : The reason why it is different for delay resolving time and the affected roads as the Kiss & Ride percentage change, was the impact of the Kiss & Ride Zone's installation position. CONCLUSIONS : The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of the road network in accordance with the installation of Kiss & Ride Zone by using speed and queue delay resolving time, and it is a need to develop a quantitative evaluation technique which was using various indicators in impact analysis according to the installation of the traffic safety facilities in the future.

신재생, 친환경 에너지에 대한 관심의 증가로 최근 상당수의 풍력 발전기가 설치되고 있다. 특히, 육상과 달리 부지 확보의 어려움도 없고 고품질의 바람을 얻을 수 있다는 점에서 해상 풍력 발전기가 더욱 주목을 받고 있다. 이와 같은 장점을 가진 해상 풍력 발전기는 육상의 조선소 등에서 제작된 후, 해상 크레인을 이용하여 운용 지점까지 이송되어 설치되는데, 이때 그 크기의 거대함과 고가라는 이유로 무엇보다 안전이 보증되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 해상 풍력 발전기의 이송 및 설치 시 안전성을 보증하기 위한 근거로서, 다물체계 동역학 기법을 활용하여 해상 크레인에 연결된 해상 풍력 발전기의 동역학 해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 본 기법이 해상 풍력 발전기의 이송 및 설치방법에 대한 검증용으로 충분히 활용 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

본 연구는 실물형 인터페이스 개념과 특징을 설명하고 있는 선행연구를 대상으로 실물형 인터페이스디자인에 대한 특성을 토출하여 이를 토대로 실물형 인터페이스 디자인 가이드라인을 제안하였다. 도출된 인터페이스 디자인 가이드 라인의 특성은 물리적 조작성, 기기의 용이성 및 편리성, 지각적 표현성, 상황인지 및 공간성, 그리고 사회적 상호작용으로 구분되었으며 25개의 세부항목이 추출되었다. 개발된 가이드라인은 사용자와의 상호작용 측면이 강조된 것으로 이를 실제공간의 체험형 전시물들에 적용하여 평가함으로써 현 실물형 인터페이스 디자인의 특성을 분석하였다. 조사대상으로 선정된 국립과학 박물관의 전시 설치물들 중 실물형 인터페이스 평가가 가능하다고 판단되는 15개의 설치물을 대상으로 개발된 디자인 가이드 라인에 따라 전문가 평가를 하였다. 평가결과 신체모션을 이용한 인터페이스에 대한 점수가 가장 높았으며 이들은 상황인지 및 공간성 영역에서 높은 평가를 받았다. 상황인지 및 공간성은 새로이 확장된 실물형 인터페이스 특성으로 최근 그 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 분석 결과 대부분의 설치물들은 버튼과 조이스틱 위주의 물리적 조작성을 제공하는 설치물이 가장 많았으나 향후 시각, 청각, 촉각 등의 다감각 인터페이스나 사용자가 직접 설치장치들을 재배열하는 인터렉션 개발 등이 필요하였다. 본 연구는 실물형 인터페이스 디자인을 평가할 수 있는 기준을 제시하였다는데 그 의의가 있으며 실물형 인터페이스디자인이 적용된 전시 설치물들이 개발되고 적용됨에 있어 발전 방향을 모색하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다. 향후 개발된 실물형 인터페이스 디자인 가이드 라인에 따라 전문가 평가뿐만 아니라 실제 사용자들을 대상으로 하는 사용자 경험 평가가 병행되어야 할 것이다.

“설치”란 평면회화나 조각처럼 이미 제작된 작품을 전시공간(실내, 야외)에 걸거나 놓는 것이 아니라 반대로 전시공간의 여건에 맞추어 작품을 설치하는 이른바 현장 위주의 작업경향을 가리킨다. 물론 예외의 경우도 있지만 대부분 설치작가들은 이런 기준에 의존하여 작품행위를 한다. 따라서 이들에게 있어 장소의 문제, 재료의 문제, 그리고 발상의문제가 다른 장르에 비해 훨씬 중요한 의미를 갖는 것은 두말할 것도 없다.본고는 화예디자인의 새로운 형식의 모색으로 화예디자인과 조경예술의 융합적인 시도를 하였다. 선행연구를 토대로실제 설치작업을 통한 이론의 구체화를 시도하였고 설치작업은 크게 세 가지 방향의 주제로 나누어 진행하였다. 설치작업의대상지로는 서울시 서초구 신원동 일원의 양재조경(주)의 농장부지이며 선정된 주제는 ‘휴식’, ‘인연’, ‘생명’이다. 각각의주제를 잘 표현할 수 있는 환경과 장소성을 고려하여 선정하고 설치작업을 진행하였다. 연구의 결과로 설치예술로서화예디자인의 표현 양식과 조경예술이 공유할 수 있는 방법을 얻을 수 있었다.

PURPOSES : This paper presents how to determine priorities of RWIS installation on national highways within the limited budget. METHODS : Analytical hierarchy process was employed to develop the entire methodology. In addition to this, various data such as vulnerable roadway section for snow removal, RWIS, AWS, AADT, and traffic accident were properly collected and analyzed for the future analysis. Then, GIS analysis was performed to find out the final candidate vulnerable roadway section for snow removal. In the end, expert survey was conducted to estimate weights for evaluation criteria. RESULTS : Results showed that metropolitan area has the most high priority, and Gangwon area, ChungCheung, and Honam in order. CONCLUSIONS : The main contribution of this paper is to suggest a logical methodology to prioritize RWIS installation within the limited budget, and thus snow removal operation during the winter season can improve in terms of getting more valuable information.

PURPOSES : This study is to suggest suitable lighting facility installation plans by finding out driver's preference for combination of lighting facility installation among landscape factors that affect driver visibility in tunnels. METHODS : SD method is used to extract emotional factors that affect drivers' preference, Components of tunnel lighting facility installation are evaluated through conjoint analysis and it suggested relative importance of attributes and utility values. RESULTS : In the aspects of satisfaction levels of components of tunnel lighting facility installation, Tunnel side, two lows, and solid line arrangement type has the highest level of satisfaction. Extract emotional factors that affect drivers' preference are "safety", "openness" and "amenity." In addition, the result of analyzing relative importance of attributes of tunnel lighting facility shows that numbers of lighting array has the highest importance and lighting facility arrangement has the lowest importance. Result of analyzing partial utility shows that the 2 low type among number of lows, the solid line arrangement type between arrangement types, placing in the middle part among lighting facility arrangement were highly preferred. CONCLUSIONS : In the case of lighting numbers, utility values of the first line and the second line showed us a big difference. Increasing the number arrays in the future reformation of lighting facility installation combination will be effective in enhancing the utility of the driver.