This study introduces the web-camera image processing-based natural landmark extraction method for automatic welding using 3-axis stage. The welding is a highly significant process in the industries of shipbuilding, automobile, construction, machinery, and so on. However, it has been avoided due to poor working conditions such as fume, spatter, noise, and so on. For the automatic welding system, the web-camera is used to extract the natural landmarks which can give the relative coordinate to set up the initial position of the stage for the welding process. The Canny edge and Hough transformation have been used to extract the significant points for the natural landmark extraction in this paper.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of Clinical practice learning using a web-based e-book on nursing students' learning motivation, knowledge achievement and satisfaction with clinical practice. Methods: The participants in this study were 69 third-year nursing students (34 in the experimental and 35 in the control group) from a C-university in G-city, Korea, who were engaged in one-week clinical practicum in a gastroenterology ward. The data were analyzed by x²-test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test with the SPSS program 20.0. Results: After intervention, compared to the control group, the experimental group reported significant difference in Learning motivation (t=-3.61, p<.001), knowledge achievement(t=-2.92, p<.001), and satisfaction with clinical practice (t=-8.78, p<.001) in the training course using Mosby's nursing skills. Conclusion: These results identified that clinical practice learning using Mosby’s Nursing Skills was effective for the improvement of learning motivation, knowledge achievement and satisfaction with clinical practice. These results indicate that the implementation of an e-Learning needs to be continued as an effective educational tool. Also, it is needed to research more for better ways to implement e-Learning on students’ practicum.

Sperm cell development in spider species undergoes in testicular cyst, containing certain number of cells per cyst. As a germ cell matures through entire stages of spermatogenesis, testicular cysts rupture and produced spermatozoa are transferred in a form of cleistosperm. When mature spermatozoa pass through deferent duct, it is known that various types of seminal secretions are released into the lumen to provide auxillary functions to the mature sperms – such as nutrition, protection, or sperm release inside the female body. However, a peculiar type of seminal secretion was observed in this study. In the lumen of deferent duct, encapsulated seminal secretions are observed along with coiled sperm cells. Since the capsule is quite thick – as thick as the one of mature sperm cell, it is thought that the secretion capsule would be transferred as well along with the sperm cells into the spermathecae probably activiating sperm cells through decapsulation. Also, this study revealed that sperm storage in deferent duct occurs in droplet-by-droplet basis; which suggests possible sperm inducing mechanism. Since spider uses pedipalps in copulation to transfer its sperm cells, spider has to fill it accordingly. In other words, stored sperms in deferent duct are released in a droplet at once.

주변 토지 이용이 다른 소부당과 명동저수지의 수변부 와 개방수역간에 동물플랑크톤 군집 분포와 먹이망을 파 악하기 위해 2011년 5월부터 10월까지 조사를 수행하였 다. 소부당과 명동저수지의 동물플랑크톤은 각각 51종, 65종이 출현하였으며, 수변부와 개방수역간에 뚜렷한 밀 도 차이를 보였다(t-test, P⁄0.05). 지각류와 요각류는 수 변부에서 높은 밀도를 보인 반면, 윤충류는 개방수역에서 더 높은 밀도를 나타냈다(t-test, P⁄0.05). 수변부에서 출 현한 동물플랑크톤 종은 주로 부착성 성향을 가진 종이 었다(Lecane, Monostyla, Alona 그리고 Chydorus). Chl.a 의 농도가 높은 명동저수지에서는 부유성 윤충류(Brachionus, Keratella 그리고 Polyarthra)의 높은 밀도가 관찰 되었다. Two-way ANOVA 결과, 윤충류는 서식처의 특성 과 토지 이용이 다른 두 저수지간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보인 반면, 지각류와 요각류는 서식처의 특성에만 의존하는 것 으로 나타났다. 저수의 영양상태가 주변 토지 이용과 밀 접하게 연관되는 점을 감안하면, 윤충류는 서식처의 특성 뿐만 아니라 저수지의 영양상태에 따른 먹이자원에도 밀 접하게 연관되는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 지각류와 요각류 는 먹이자원보다 서식처의 특성에 주로 영향받는다. 안정 동위원소 분석 결과, 부유성 Chl.a의 높은 값에도 불구하 고 동물플랑크톤은 주로 부착입자 유기물에 대해 의존하 였다. 이것은 실잠자리 유충, 검정물방개 그리고 새뱅이 같은 무척추동물과의 먹이 경쟁을 피하기 위한 것으로 사료된다. 결과적으로 동물플랑크톤 군집 분포는 습지의 공간적 특성 및 먹이자원에 의해 결정되는 것으로 보인 다. 흥미로운 점은 동물플랑크톤 군집 밀도를 결정하는 수생식물이나 식물플랑크톤 등은 수체 내의 영양염류의 농도에 영향받으며, 이는 습지 주변 토지 피복이 매우 중 요하게 고려된다는 것이다.

LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ and alamarBlue® are fluorescent materials used for the enumeration of live and dead bacteria. LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ is generally used for confocal microscopy applications to differentiate live from dead bacteria in a biofilm or planktonic state. AlamarBlue® has also been used widely to assay live and dead bacteria in a planktonic state. Whilst these materials are successfully utilized in experiments to discriminate live from dead bacteria for several species of bacteria, the application of these techniques to oral bacteria is limited to the use of LIVE/ DEAD® BacLight™ in biofilm studies. In our present study, we assessed whether these two methods could enumerate live and dead oral bacterial species in a planktonic state. We tested the reagents on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Enterococcus faecalis and found that only LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ could differentiate live from dead cells for all five of these oral strains. AlamarBlue® was not effective in this regard for P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, the differentiation of live and dead bacterial cells by alamarBlue® could not be performed for concentrations lower than 2 × 106 cells/ml. Our data thus indicate that LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ is a more effective reagent for this analysis.

This study challenges constitutional problems of the identification regulation on online web-board Games, which is about to be reviewed by Ministry of Government Legislation. The regulation comprises imposition of duty for online web-board game publisher to identify every game user whenever the game user plays or accesses the online web-board game. The regulation is deemed to be unconstitutional because 1) it is not an effective mean to prevent online web-board game from being misused as gambling 2) it violates free speech right, right on personal information as well as privacy. As the Constitutional Court of Korea has already decided that internet real-name system, which imposed identification duty online bulletin board, is unconstitutional, any regulator or legislator should not use identification regulation without eliminating its unconstitutionality.

In recent years, the government is trying to regulate the web board games - poker, gostop etc. with the amendment of the executive order regarding the game law. The main regulation of this order is to regulate the maximum amount of betting the game as a ten thousand won per game and a hundred thousand won a day. if these are not obeyed, the gamer and game company will be punished. Therefore, these regulations need to be reviewed in terms of legal issues with a strict examination. However the regulation on the limits of betting in a game seems not to be justified with the constitutional standards - the principle of apparentness (definitude), the principle banning excessive enforcement when restricting the basic rights of people - in this case, the general human rights and liberties to act of gamers and the freedom of profession and speech of game operators(company). It is also questioned that it might infringe the essense of the legal institution of game and rights, and cause the paradox of excessive regulation.

It is same such as the provision of shear buckling strength of steel composite box girder web panel and plate girder web panel in Korea Highway Bridge Design Standards(2012). But the web panel of steel composite box girder is different from the web of plate girder in that the upper slab and lower flange are connected to the web. So a different shear behavior of the girders is expected. In this study, To calculate a reasonable elastic shear buckling strength of steel composite box girder web panel, ABAQUS program was used. The results from F.E.A and previous studies are compared. It is shown that the web shear buckling strength of steel composite box girder of Korea Highway Bridge Design Standards(2012) is the most conservative.

지명의 중요성과 필요성의 증대로 인해 우리나라 지명 데이터베이스의 구축과 관리를 위한 많은 노력들이 있어 왔다. 하지만 구축된 지명 데이터베이스의 서비스에 대한 인식의 부족으로 인하여 지명으로 인한 국가 간의 논쟁과 해외 주요 웹 사이트의 오류 지명에 대하여 효과적으로 대응하지 못하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 세계 주요 기관에서 운영하고 있는 웹-기반 지명 서비스들을 비교 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 특히 다국어 환경을 고려한 지명 서비스에 대한 구현 방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 각 서비스를 살펴본 결과 데이터베이스의 유지 관리, 사용자의 편의성, 서비스의 확장성이 효과적인 지명 서비스를 위한 주요 요인이 될 수 있음을 파악하였다. 이런 서비스를 실지로 제공하기 위해서는 주어진 여건을 고려하여야 하므로 이에 따른 서비스 구현 방안을 제안하였다.

This study investigates web shear buckling behavior of composite box girder according to the aspect ratio. The nonlinear finite element analyses on composite box girder model having shell elements and solid elements were performed. Also, the steel was modeled as an elasto-plastic material. Ultimate web shear buckling behavior of composite box girder was analyzed, and were compared the inelastic analysis results with shear buckling behavior of plate.

Recently, an integrated approach in insect ecology that including development of biological models and estimation of various effects using a logical model has become important. Through the biological components of ecosystem having complex temporal and spatial patterns, and complicated interactions of biotic and abiotic factors, dynamic models can be useful tools to investigate the whole ecosystems. Pollutants in terrestrial ecosystem can be transferred to insect body through insect’s sucking plant tissue, and effect on their biological properties. Trend of pollutants transfer from soil to plant root can be estimated using free ion activity model (FIAM), and distribution and accumulation in plant parts can be described by dynamic model with water potential, water translocation, and transfer rate. Biological response of plant and insect can be illustrated the dynamics model based on experiment data. The combination of these models show an overall behavior of toxicant and the interaction between plant and insect with time. The objectives of the research are to comprehensively analyze the transfer and effects of pollutant in soil, plant and insect system and to develop the assessment technique for soil ecosystem using dynamic modelling concerning the causal relationship and feedback processes. We are aimed specifically at prediction and assessment of various polluting scenarios of soil ecosystem through data collection from laboratory and field investigation, modelling and evaluation using module software programing.

동물플랑크톤의 서식 형태에 따른 구분(부착 및 부유 성)과 월별 밀도 양상을 파악하기 위해 2011년 5월부터 10월까지 수생식물이 발달된 환경에서 동물플랑크톤 채 집을 수행하였다. 조사 기간 동안, 부착성 동물플랑크톤 은 총 24종, 부유성 동물플랑크톤은 총 30종으로 나타났 으며, 이 중 두 서식 형태 간에 일치하는 종은 20종으로 확인되었다. 부착성 동물플랑크톤은 5~7월 동안 높은밀도를 나타낸 반면, 부유성 동물플랑크톤은 9~10월 동 안 높은 밀도를 보여 상이한 계절적 차이를 보였다. 안정 동위원소 분석 결과, 부착 및 부유입자 유기물, 동물플랑 크톤, 어류의 δ13C와 δ15N 값은 계절별로 상이하였다. 부 착성 동물플랑크톤은 봄, 가을 모두 부착입자 유기물에 대한 높은 의존도를 보였으나, 가을에는 부유입자 유기물 에 대해서는 일부 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 수생 식물의 우점 등으로 인한 먹이질의 감소와 연관되어 있 을 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 부유성 동물플랑크톤은 봄과 가을 모두 부유입자 유기물에 대해서만 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. L. macrochirus는 크기에 따라 먹이원에 대한 다른 섭식 양상을 보였는데, 부착성 동물플랑크톤이 증가 된 시기(봄)에 1~3 cm 크기의 L. macrochirus는 부착성 동물플랑크톤에 대한 높은 의존도를 보였으나, 가을에 부 착성 동물플랑크톤 감소하자 부유성 동물플랑크톤에 대 한 의존도가 높아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 4~7 cm 크기의 L. macrochirus는 상대적으로 큰 먹이원인 부유 성 동물플랑크톤에 높은 의존도를 보였으며, 가을에 부유 성 동물플랑크톤 밀도가 증가하자 매우 높게 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 습지와 같이 수생식물이 우 점되는 생태계에서 동물플랑크톤은 다양한 서식 형태(부 착 및 부유성)를 가진 군집이 출현하는 것으로 파악되었 으며, 이들은 각각 다른 먹이원에 대해 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 상위포식자인 L. macrochirus 또한 부착 및 부유성 동물플랑크톤의 계절별 밀도 양상에 따라 상 이한 의존성을 보였으며, 특히 부착성 동물플랑크톤은 봄 철 치어 성장 시기의 이들의 성장 및 발달에 매우 중요 한 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

This paper describes the structural design and optimization of sinusoidally corrugated web girder by using EUROCODE (EN 1993-1-5). The optimum design methodology and characteristics of the optimal cross-section are discussed. We investigate a shear buckling and the concerned standards for corrugated web and explain the equations to obtain a critical stress according to buckling type. In order to perform optimization, we consider an objective function as minimum weight of the girder and use the constraint functions as slenderness ratio and stresses of flanges as well as corrugated web and deflection. Genetic Algorithm is adopted to search a global optimum solution for this mathematical model. For numerical example, the clamped girder under the concentrated load is considered, while the optimum cross-sectional area and design variables are analyzed. From the results of the adopted example, the optimum design program of the sinusoidally corrugated web girder is able to find the suitable solution which satisfied a condition subject to constraint functions. The optimum design shows the tendency to decrease the cross-sectional area with the yielding strength increase and increase the areas with load increase. Moreover, the corrugated web thickness shows a stable increase concerning the load.

최근 IT산업 기술의 발전으로 U-City가 전국적으로 추진되는 가운데 유비쿼터스를 효과적으로 구현하기 위해 도시 구 성요소 표현 매체인 수치지도(map)와 위성영상, 인터넷 가상세계구현 표준 언어인 VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language)를 이용하여 현실세계의 U-City를 그대로 모사한 3차원 3D-가상도시 개념을 정립하였다. 가상도시(V-City)에 서는 USN기반의 수많은 데이터베이스 자료와 지능형 서비스정보를 언제 어디서나 상황인지 하기 위하여 실시간 유, 무선 통신 네트워크와 연계시킨 가상도시 개념을 통해, 방대한 양의 유비쿼터스 정보와 서비스를 효율적으로 제어, 처리하기 위 한 HTML 자바 애플릿과 인터페이스를 제공하는 EAI(External Authoring Interface)방식을 채용하여 RFID/USN으로 구 축된 도시 생활정보를 효율적으로 연동시킴으로써 지능화된 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 생활서비스를 구현하는 전 세계 공간 위치 개념의 GPS, LBS, 내비게이션 시간개념의 RTLS와 함께 4차원개념의 유비쿼터스 가상도시(U&V-City) 시스템을 제안하 였다.

Food web of main arthorpods in 3 differently managed rice fields (low input, duck, apple snail farming) was investigated in Hongseong area, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. Main arthropods were selected by their abundance during the rice growing season in 2010. Food web was analyzed with stable isotope, δ15N and δ13C according to rice growth satges (seedling, tillering, booting, blooming/heading, and ripening stage). Rates of δ15N and δ13C in soil (F=5.72; df=2, 6; P=0.0407, F=40.86; df=2, 6; P=0.0003, respectively) and δ13C in rice (F=6.46; df=2, 6; P=0.0319) were statistically different. Rate of δ13C in Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (F=9.50; df=2, 6; P=0.0138), Pirata subpiraticus (F=11.00; df=2, 6; P=0.0098), and Pachygnatha clercki (F=6.33; df=2, 6; P=0.0333) were statistically different among farming methods. Stable isotope structures in food web were slightly different among 3 farming methods seasonally. Rates of δ15N and δ13C of rice pests such as Nephotettix cincticeps, Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphax striatellus, and Sogatella furcifera were related to rice plant. Those of Tomoceridae sp. and Chironomidae sp., however, were not related to rice plant. Spiders as main natural enemy group were ranked on the top of food web and were thought to have life cycle based on the rice field from stable isotope structure.

Following the first Public Release of the AKARI Point Source catalogues, we have worked on the production of a new far-infrared All-Sky Diffuse mapping product. In this paper we report first results from the All Sky diffuse maps that will shortly be released to the community, based on analysis of data from the Far Infrared Surveyor ( 65 μm − 160 μm ) instrument. These data are likely to have a strong impact on studies of extended structures, and the diffuse ISM.

This study was performed to investigate the eating habit, body image, and weight control behavior by BMI in Korean female high school students. Data on the 16, 574 subjects was obtained from the sixth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2010). Only 52.2% of the subjects had regular breakfast. The rate of skipping breakfast was higher in the underweight group than in the obese group, but the rate of skipping dinner was on the contrary to this. Underweight students had a higher intake frequency of fruits, fast food, instant noodle, and snacks than the obese groups. 3.5% of underweight students considered themselves to be overweight or obese. 53.4% of obese students considered themselves to be overweight. The experience of weight control increased according to BMI, but underweight students considered weight control as an effort to be slimmer. Meal restriction was used more frequently to control weight. The perceived stress level was higher in obese student, especially due to appearance. Therefore, an appropriate, integrated and personalized high school nutrition program should be established for proper body image perception and to develop the self-esteem of female high school students.

기능성 교육용게임에서, 가장 이상적인 형태는 재미도 있고 교육 효과도 좋은 경우일 것이다. 본 논문에서는 성인에 비해서 집중력이 낮은 초등학생의 회화식 영어 교육을 위해서 웹 기반의 MMORPG 게임을 설계 개발 하였다. 유선 및 무선 인터넷 접속을 통하여 타인과 협동, 경쟁심을 키워주어 초등학생의 영어 학습 능력을 높여 주는 효과를 누릴 수 있게 하였다. 이를 통하여 게임 산업의 다양성을 추구하고자 한다. 또한 향후에는 스마트폰과의 연동을 위한 UI 및 게임콘텐츠 업데이트를 하고자 한다

This study proposes a collaboration system framework on the web service in a supply chain to implement an efficient virtual supply chain and improve an ability to fulfill received orders over a supply chain. The system based on the framework proposed in this paper plays an important role for automatic order negotiation and placing/receiving an order noticed in web service by the main system. Furthermore, it can evaluate the fulfillment of received orders over a supply chain by using the transaction results from hierarchically related vendors and establish efficient manufacturing plans. In a word, this system is the automated system for creating manufacturing plans, placing and receiving orders. A little more important main function of this system is that it has a dynamic evaluation capability about fulfillment with received orders over a supply chain, and improves the evaluation method of fulfillment ability with received orders with related to direct dealing vendors, which is a main problem in existing system. As a result, this system is able to reduce the work load of the sales and purchasing materials, production control division, to manage accurate inventory promptly, to maintain the optimal inventory level by analyzing the information of fulfillment ability with received orders, and to enhance the level of service for customers.

본 연구는 고령자들이 웹을 통하여 보다 쉽게 제품을 구입할 수 있는 실버용품 쇼핑 웹 사이트 디자인에 대하여 연구하였다. 본 연구에서 다루게 될 항목은 제품 검색 단계에서의 메뉴디자인, 제품 고르기 단계에서의 이미지 배열 방식과 사용설명서의 제공방식, 제품 구매단계에서의 결제방식이다. 먼저 현황 조사를 통하여 국내에 개설되어 있는 실버용품 쇼핑 웹 사이트의 각 항목에 대한 디자인 유형을 파악한 후 실험 평가도구를 디자인하여 개발하였다. 개발된 평가도구를 61명의 고령자를 대상으로 혈압계를 찾아 구입하는 과제를 부과하여 사용하게 한 뒤 설문조사와 심층면접을 통하여 사용하기 편리한 디자인에 관한 선호도 조사를 실시하였다. 선호도 조사 결과를 바탕으로 고령자가 실버용품 쇼핑 웹 사이트를 통해 제품을 구입할 때, 고령자의 관점에서 가장 사용하기 편하면서 보기 편한 디자인을 연구하여 제시하였다.