The purpose of this paper is to investigate the usage of address terms between professors in a Korean university upon the methodology of sociolinguistic variation studies. This study was conducted based on on-line questionnaire survey targeting 100 professors in an university situated in the metropolitan area. Address terms observed in this study are Gyosu(=professor)(+honorific ‘-nim), Seonsaeng(=teacher)(+’-nim’), Baksa(=doctor)(+‘-nim’), Saem/Ssaem(intimate abbreviation of Seonsaeng), etc. which are ordered by frequency. Factor groups considered in this study are addressor, addressee, and situation. The main results of this study are as in the following. (1) Addresser’s academic field, degree of intimacy relation with addressee, and addressee’s administrative position are main factors having influence on the usage of address terms between professors. (2) Addresser’s sex and age factors and addressee’s sex and academic field factors have little or no influence on the usage of address terms.

In this paper, we indicate various problems of kinship terms of address and reference in Standard Language Manners (2011) and propose modifications to the text. Standard Language Manners (2011) is a modified version of Standard Speech Explanations, updated to account for social changes. However, many problems remain in the updated text. For example, there are several unsystematic or asymmetric kinship terms of address and reference according to gender, age, rank, or marital status. Moreover, Standard Language Manners presents complicated kinship terms of address and reference based on extended family system, rather than a nuclear family system. To solve these problems we suggest several amendments. First, while we recognize the continual usage of traditional kinship terms of address and reference, we suggest that widely-used new kinship terms should be included if they are in common use. Second, lexical gaps or asymmetric kinship terms of address and reference should be filed with existing or new terms despite the limited redundancy this system may create.

This study is to investigate the correlation between language aptitude and vocabulary levels of 5th graders of a Korean elementary school. The participants of the study were 39 elementary school students in Daejeon Metropolitan City. Language aptitude was elicited using LLAMA B, D, E and F classified respectively into memory retention, sound recognition, sound-symbol correspondence, and inference and application. A vocabulary size test modified from the vocabulary size test (Nation, 1990) was injected to the students to investigate their vocabulary levels. A correlation between each LLAMA score and vocabulary size of students was tabulated for their correlationship along with their statistical significance of 95% probability rate. The findings are: Positive correlations were found between each language aptitude ability and vocabulary ability. Among them, the correlation between memory retention and vocabulary ability is only statistically significant. This finding implicates that memory retention is an important factor to learn and retain new words, and learning vocabulary with pictures is recommended to reinforce the connection between meanings and forms of new words.

이 연구는 1991년부터 2017년까지 발간된 「교정연구」를 대상으로 언어 네트워크 분석 (Semantic Network Analysis)을 통해 핵심 키워드의 중심성 분석을 하고자 한다. 이를 통해 우리나라 교정학 연구의 경향성을 파악하고 미래의 교정정책에 대한 방향성을 제시해 줄 수 있는 균형 잡힌 연구를 선택하도록 근거를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 분석결과, 전반적으로 ‘교정’, ‘처우’, ‘방안’, ‘수형자’, ‘개선’ 등의 빈도수가 상대적 으로 높다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이는 「교정연구」의 연구주제들이 주로 수형자의 교정처우와 그 개선방안에 관련된 연구들이 많았음을 시사한다고 볼 수 있다. 각 시기별로 분석한 결과를 보면, 1991년부터 2000년까지는 ‘교정’이라는 키워드를 중심으로 ‘방안’, ‘처우’, ‘문제’, ‘방향’ 등의 순으로 연결중심성이 높게 나타났으며, 특히 ‘법’, ‘수형자’, ‘제도’, ‘개선’, ‘실태’, ‘범죄’, ‘행형’ 등의 키워드가 높은 연결관계를 형성하고 있었다. 초기의 연구는 주로 교정관련 제도나 정책, 교정의 이념 및 이론들이 연구주제로 주목받으면서 교정학의 정체성 확립을 위한 기반 연구들이 많이 진행된 것으로 보인다. 2001년부터 2010년 사이에 이루어진 연구들을 살펴보면 ‘교정’이라는 핵심 키워드 를 중심으로 ‘사회’, ‘개선’, ‘방안’, ‘소년’, ‘범죄’, ‘처우’, ‘제도’, 청소년’, ‘시설’, ‘프로그램’, ‘수형자’, ‘고찰’, ‘문제점’, ‘효과’ 등의 키워드가 연결중심성이 높게 나타났 는데, 이 역시 교정과 관련된 법･제도의 개선 및 당시 사회적 관심이 연구주제에 반영 되었다고 볼 수 있다. 특히, 이전 시기와 다르게 ‘프로그램’, ‘효과’, ‘영향’, ‘요인’ 등 의 키워드가 새롭게 등장하였다. 즉, 이 시기에서는 교정학의 연구주제가 프로그램의 효과성 분석이나 수형자 및 소년범 등의 행태에 초점을 맞춘 실증적 연구가 서서히 증대되고 있는 것으로 나타나 교정학 분야에 다양한 경험적 연구들이 다루어지기 시작했다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이 시기에 ‘지역사회’, ‘약물’, ‘보호관찰’ 등의 키워 드가 새로이 등장하면서, 당시 사회내 처우와 보호관찰 등에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있 었음을 알 수 있었으며, 약물범죄자의 교정 등 수형자의 개별처우 프로그램에 대한 실 증적 연구가 점차 연구주제로 선택되기 시작했음을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 2011년부터 2017년까지의 연구에서는 ‘교정’을 중심으로 ‘소년’, ‘방안’, ‘범죄’, ‘수용’, ‘시설’, ‘제도’, ‘재범’, ‘보호’, ‘치료’, ‘개선’, ‘효과’, ‘프로그램’ 등 의 순으로 가장 높은 연결중심성을 보여주고 있다. 2001-2010년 시기와 다르게 ‘소 년’이나 ‘청소년’ 등의 키워드가 연결중심성이 많이 높아진 것으로 분석되었으며, 특 히 이 시기에서는 ‘재범’, ‘치료’, ‘예방’, ‘가석방’ 등의 키워드가 새로이 연구주제로 등장하게 되는데, 이전 시기에 비해 범죄자의 재범방지에 관한 연구와 수형자의 치료 감호 등에 대한 연구주제가 선택되고 있으며, 범죄에 대한 사후적 분석보다 소년비행 이나 성인 범죄에 대한 사전적 예방이 근본적인 범죄대책으로 인식되면서 이에 대한 연구들도 활발히 이루어진 것으로 판단된다.

In recent decades, there has been a tendency to frame language abilities as a set of technical skills that can be defined, quantified, measured, predicted and ultimately controlled. Language Policy and Planning (LPP), which is commodified, over-rationalized, technologized, and monolingually driven, has led to the current conventions of developing curriculum, materials, and tests of language learning in multicultural education. The purpose of this study is to examine the neoliberal (dominant) and alternative discourses on the LPP in Korean linguistic societies. It was firstly discussed that the neoliberal discourses have been ideologically embedded with economism, rationalism, technocentrism, and neoliberalism. Then the alternative discourses were explored through relevant literature in lingua franca, ecological linguistic environment, metrolingualism, and translingual practice. It was argued that neoliberally driven LPP restricts the use of different languages other than Korean-only or English-only, and, therefore, discriminate lingua franca users, metrolingual, ecolinguals, and translinguals. Following the critical views on the current LPP, further research issues regarding postcolonial translingualism, critical discourse analysis, poststructuralism, language-as-resource ideologies were suggested. As the neoliberal approach to LPP has become a common phenomenon, the meaningfulness should be seriously questioned in fast-approaching multicultural contexts of communication in Korea.

This paper aims to introduce some methods of terminology planning evaluation in order to establish a systematic and organized evaluation model. Although many countries around the world are currently implementing terminology planning in the midst of the massive influx of foreign words, their evaluation has not been properly conducted. In fact, an evaluation stage is essential to check the results of the planning so far and re-establish it in the future. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the planning in a scientific and rational way. The main notion in terminology planning evaluation is terminological implantation, which covers, 1) the planned and/or spontaneous processes by which a term is effectively and durably used in the language usage of the speakers and 2) the results of these processes. The terminological implantation can be measured by quantitative and qualitative ways. This paper employs a quantitative approach by using the terminological, which represents the frequency of the use of a term in a relative ratio. It can serve as a basis for a qualitative analysis of terminological implantation by quantifying how frequently a term is used in the language usage compared with other competitive terms.

본 논문에서는 코딩 초보자를 위한 C 언어 기반 코딩 교육용 게임을 제안한다. 제안하는 코딩 교육용 게임은 다음과 같은 특징이 있다. 첫째, 제안하는 코딩 교육용 게임은 학습자가 코딩 학습 후 복잡한 시스템도 개발할 수 있도록, C 언어를 바탕으로 코딩 교육을 진행한다. 즉, 제안하는 코딩 교육용 게임은 C 언어의 기본이 되는 변수와 상수, 기본 자료형과 연산자, 조건문, 반복문, 함수, 배열을 바탕으로 총 6개의 스테이지로 구성한다. 둘째, 제안하는 C 언어 기반 코딩 교육용 게임은 C 언어에 대한 기본지식이 없이도 학습자가 게임 진행이 가능하도록, 설명과 힌트를 친절하게 제공한다. 제출한 코드가 틀린 경우 학습자는 코드를 여러 번 다시 제출할 수 있는데, 실험 결과 총 6개의 스테이지에 대해 PC 환경에서 학습자는 평균 5.7회 제출을 시도하였고, 최종적으로 스테이지를 클리어한 비율이 평균 84.9%이다. 셋째, 제안하는 코딩 교육용 게임은 다양한 환경에서 사용할 수 있도록, 웹기반 게임으로 개발하였다. PC 환경과 모바일 환경에서 학습자가 어떻게 다르게 상호작용하는지를 실험하였는데, 학습자는 모바일 버전에 비해 PC 버전을 더 사용하기 편하게 느껴서, 코드를 수정해서 제출도 많이 하지만 작성시간은 오히려 더 짧게 나타났다.

본 연구의 목적은 영유아기 교사의 학대언어제한과 촉진적 상호작용을 위하여 교육훈련하고 그 효과를 분석하여 언어학대를 예방하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이에 따른 연구문제는 영유아교사에게 TREASURE Talk-CCTV 모델을 활용한 학대언어제한과 촉진적 상호작용프로그램을 구성하고, 상호작용프로그램의 효과를 분석하는 것이다. 교육훈련프로그램은 동영상, 도구(TREASURE STICK), 연습용 스크립트의 세 가지로 제작되었고 총 7시간 과정의 훈련체계를 구성하여 영아교사 18명, 유아교사 20명으로 단일사례 집단을 대상으로 대응표본 t-test(paired sample t-test)를 실시하였다. 프로그램 효과의 분석을 위해 KP모델에 근거한 아동학대 지필테스트에서 사전-사후 검사결과 아동학대 교육의 이해도가 상승되었으며, CICAIO(Coaching Inventory Child-Adult Interaction Through Observation)척도를 통해 영유아교사 TRE, URE 전체에서 사전검사와 사후검사 간의 차이가 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났다. 마지막으로 ACNIS(Adult-Child Negative Interaction Scale-based on CCTV model) 척도를 사용하여 영유아교사는 부정적 상호작용 전체에서도 사전검사, 사후검사 간에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 개발된 상호작용프로그램은 영유아교사에게 긍정적 상호작용은 향상 되고 부정적 상호작용은 수준을 낮추는 유의미한 효과가 있음이 확인되었다.

본 연구 목적은 마리나항만법을 대상으로 언어 네트워크 방법을 적용하여 법조문에 대한 내용을 분석하고 법률 특징과 구 조적 모습을 계량적으로 제시하는데 있다. 언어 네트워크 분석은 단어와 단어사이의 네트워크 구조를 파악하여 그 구조와 형태를 파악할 수 있으며, 전통적 내용 분석이 지닌 단점을 보완하는데도 용이하다. 분석 대상은 최근 개정된 마리나항만법 전문(1 4장)이며 부분 적으로는 구분된 장중 분석에 의미가 있는 일부(제2장, 제3장, 제4장)로 설정하였다. 분석 결과 마리나항만법은 마리나항만개발에 집중된 구조적 특징을 지니고 있고 마리나산업의 육성에 관한 종합적 관점보다는 하드웨어적 시설적 설치에 집중된 구조를 지니고 있었다. 또한, 사업체 및 인력 양성 등이 일부 포함되었으나 시설 설치보다는 상대적 중요성이 다소 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 연구 방 법상 법구조적 시각에 국한된 결과만을 도출하는 한계도 있으나, 현재 법률의 구조와 특징을 파악하고 진단함으로써 후속 연구의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다는데 의의가 있다. 향후 연구에서는 본 연구 결과를 토대로 마리나 정책에 대한 정부 성과나 추진 실적과 비교등이 진행되기를 기대한다.

Liang, Bin. 2018. “A Study on the Language Attitude through the Use of Head Copies in Yanbian Area”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(1). 135~158. The purpose of this article is to study the language attitudes toward Yanbian, Korean, and Chinese through the use of head - copy language in the Yanbian area. The Yanbian bilingual speaker mixes the dialects of North Hamgyong, Korean, and Chinese. In order to analyze the use of language in the Yanbian area, it is necessary to accurately understand the language attitudes of Yanbian, Korean, and Chinese. ‘Language attitude’ is not only the evaluation and response of a speaker to a specific language, but a concrete action. The research on the language use patterns of the bilingual speakers in the Yanbian area can analyze the language attitudes for each language. Advertising language includes not only the function of information transmission but also cultural awareness of society. The attitude of language, which is one of the human consciousness forms, is also included in the advertising language and the attitude of language can be analyzed through the use of advertising language. In this paper, I will proceed with the SPSS chi-square test based on the usage of the head copy in the Yanbian area. If there is statistical significance, I will describe what kind of language attitude is displayed for each language.

This paper investigates Korean-Chinese bilingual speakers’ processing of Korean plural marker -tul. It employed masked priming experiments with a word judgment task for Korean-Chinese speakers from Yanbian, China. The masked priming experiments compared the subjects’ response time in three different prime-target pairs: identical condition, unrelated condition, and test condition. The data of the experiments was analyzed in two different ways: subject analyses and item analyses. The subject analyses of the study showed partial priming effects and the item analyses full priming effects. These findings indicate that Chinese-Korean bilinguals seem to be sensitive to morphological structure of a morphologically complex words in Korean and less dependent on the lexical storage of the full form, as is usually found in L2 learners’ morphological processing.

This research tried to figure out the realization effect of usage of anlauts /l/ and /n/ as nicely shown in North Korean news and to discuss the societal and lingual backgrounds from this investigation. Therefore, the research analyzed the tone of Chosun Central TV news’s announcer shown in TV news program from 2014 to 2017. With this analysis, the research tried to show the reason why there are differences in language policies regarding Korean consonant anlauts /l/ and /n/ between South Korea and North Korea and to discuss the realization effect of anlauts /l/ and /n/ after the implementation of the language policies. In chapter 2, the research considered policies for marking these consonants and gradual change for pronunciation rules and checked the reason why there is a difference In grammatical rules between North Korea and South Korea. According to previous research, exhibiting anlaut /l/ in North Korean pronunciation rules these days is not related to any historical evidence or regional dialect(Pyongyang dialect). In the environment that precedes /i/ and /j/ accepting the /n/ consonant was due to late palatalization relative to other regional dialects and also late elimination of the /n/ and therefore these objects are reflected into standard language policies in North Korea. In chapter 3, the research analyzed the realization effect of anlauts /l/ and /n/ in North Korean News. The percentage of the analut /l/ realizations was the anlaut /l/ was 83.78%, which means most of realizations were done by the anlaut /l/. Anlaut /l/ was followed by /j/, /a/, /o/, /ɛ/ and other vowels, and the percentage of anlaut /l/ used before most of the vowels was similar. For anlaut /n/ the situation that was followed by /j/ showed 21 times of the realization set and 24 times of the non-realization set, which resulted 46.6% and 53.4% respectively and illustrated similar aspects as shown in analut /l/. The realization phenomenon of anlaut /n/ occurred from the Middle Ages, and the research therefore confirmed that North Korea still uses the conservative pronunciation of the language.

This study aims to review the short history of language situations in Belarus and to examine the changes and consequences of the language policy during the Soviet period and 4~5 years after the independence. 25 years after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russian is the national and most important language in Belarus, unlike in other post-Soviet Republics. As a matter of fact, 100% of Belarusians can speak Russian and approximately 5% of people can speak Belarusian fluently. In Belarus, the Russian language holds the status of the state language due to its cultural and historical background, rather than a friendly relationship between Russia and Belarus. More than 80% of the residents are virtually Belarusian-Russians in every public sector and personal activity. Russian is a mandatory language of all secondary schools in addition to the Belarusian. Moreover, the Russian-speaking population of Belarus is treated not as foreigners, but as members of the state, and is seen as part of the state-forming nation. The reason is that the indigenous titular ethnic Belarusians are officially considered to constitute the Republic of Belarus, and Russians are also included as a state-forming nation in Belarus.

The purpose of this study is to investigate change in linguistic identity and language use of Korean Chinese. This study also aims to demonstrate that Korean Chinese are preserving both their identity as Korean and the language. All data were collected by field study which revealed Korean Chinese had high ability of Korean language use. However, considerable differences among the generations were shown. Teenagers showed less fluency of Korean compared to older generation. And Korean Chinese from highly populated with Korean Chinese region spoke Korean as their first language and showed more fluency while those from other region in China mostly spoke Chinese as their first language and spoke Korean less fluently. It is also noticeable that code-switching and code-mixing are prominent in the language use of Korean Chinese, especially among male middle school students. They showed code switching more markedly suggesting their language transition to Chinese. Therefore, further study on detailed examples of code-switching and code-mixing is required.