The objective of this study is to manufacture an efficient activated carbon fiber (ACF) assemblies filter. Cellulose acetate and phenolic resin were dissolved in acetone and coated on a 2 cm-long and 2 cm-wide stainless steel mesh. Various concentrations of cellulose acetate and phenolic resin in acetone solution were examined for the extent of coating on the stainless steel mesh using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), a surface area analyzer (BET) and a microscope. As a result, the best quality of coating on the stainless steel mesh was obtained with 2 wt,% cellulose acetate and 10 wt,% phenolic resin in acetone solution. The ACF filter was also impregnated with ZnCl2, KOH, H3PO4 and Na2CO3, respectively to enhance its adsorption capacity. Iodine number increased by impregnating with the chemical compound in the following order: KOH > ZnCl2> Na2CO3> H3PO4. Iodine numbers for the ACF filters impregnated with ZnCl2 (ACFz) and KOH (ACFK) were found to be 972 ~ 1,117 mg/g and 987 ~ 1,183 mg/g respectively.

본 연구는 우리나라에서 보존하고 있는 구기자(Lycium chinesis Miller) 유전자원 131점의 잎과 줄기를 에탄올로 추출한 후 페놀화합물의 함량을 측정하여 비교 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 구기자 잎의 페놀 함량은 8.8~14.9mgg1을 보였으며 11.6~13.5mgg1 사이에는 약 60%의 유전자원이 분포되어 있었다. CB03286-89 유전자원은 총 페놀함량이 14.9±0.3mgg1으로 가장 높은 반면 CBP03310-250은 8.8±0.2mgg1으로 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다. 줄기에 대한 총 페놀함량은 6.8~12.4mgg1의 함량 범위를 보이고 있으며 잎보다는 상대적으로 다소 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 구기자 잎의 페놀화합물 중 33가지 물질을 정량 분석한 결과 China collection No.1에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 99797 수집종에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. (+)catechin 함량은 CB03286-89에서 가장 많았다. Myricetin은 Geumsan jaerae, Japan No.1, China collection No.1, CL32-13, CB04329-13, China collection No.12 그리고 CB03286-89 등에서 분석되었지만 나머지 구기자 유전자원의 잎에서는 검출되지 않았다. 줄기에 대한 페놀화합물은 잎에 비하여 상대적으로 함량이 적었으며 99797 수집종이 가장 많은 함량을 보였으나 CB04329-13에서는 가장 적은 함량을 보였다. (+)catechin 함량은 Japan No.1이 231.0±0.5ugg1으로 가장 높았으며, myricetin은 Japan No.1, China collection No.1, China collection No.12, CB03286-89 및 99797에서 분석되었지만 나머지 구기자 유전자원의 줄기에서는 검출되지 않았다.

This study was conducted to determine the contents of phenolic compounds and astragalosides in Astragalus membranaceus. Between the phenolic compound groups, flavonoids compounds (51.13%) had higher average concentrations than the phenolic acids groups. Among the 30 phenolic compounds, quercetin (353.11μg g-1) provided the highest concentrations. According to different cultivation year, 3-year-cultivated Astragalus (2612.57μg g-1) showed the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds. According to different harvest days, 6/5 harvesting Astragalus (2615.80μg g-1) showed the highest concentrations of phenolic acids. Comparison between the top and subterranean parts of harvested Astragalus plants cultivated for 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years showed big difference of total phenolic compounds in concentrations. Further, the top part had higher amounts of the total phenolic compounds than the subterranean part among all Astragalus. This tendency was similar to those of the top root and lateral root. The concentration of the phenolic compounds in the top root was higher than that of the lateral root.

The phenolic compounds which were extracted with 70% ethanol from Ulmus pumila for 12 hr were the highest as 17.9±1.0 mg/g. DPPH scavenging activity of 70% ethanol extracts was also the highest as 89.5±1.9% and it was confirmed to be high as 80% over in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing 50 μg/mL over phenolic concentration. ABTS radical cation decolorization activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts were higher as 96.8±2.9%, antioxidant protection factor (PF) was 2.0 PF in 70% ethanol and showed higher activities in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing 200 μg/mL phenolic concentration as 2.5 PF than BHA. TBARs of 70% ethanol extracts was 86.5±4.6%, it showed high anti-oxidative activity in 50∼200 μg/mL phenolic concentrations of water and 70% ethanol extracts as 80% over. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts against hypertension was 77.4% and 90.6% in water and 70% ethanol extracts of 200 μg/mL phenolic concentration. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts for anti-gout effect was not observed in water extracts, but it showed 30% inhibitory activity in 70% ethanol extracts, and 48.1% at 200 μg/mL phenolics concentration.

We evaluated the inhibitory effects of extracts and components of Geranium thunbergii on aldose reductase (AR) and galactitol formation in rat lenses with high levels of galactose as a part of our ongoing search of natural sources for therapeutic and preventive agents for diabetic complications. The inhibitory effects of water, methanol and ethanol extracts of G. thunbergii on rat lens AR (RLAR) were determined. Comparing inhibitory effects of various solvent extracts, ethanol extract showed RLAR inhibitory activity (IC50 values, 5.24 and 6.39μg/ml, respectively). The ethanol extract was fractionated to chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. Of these, the ethyl acetate fraction from ethanol extract of G. thunbergii exhibited RLAR inhibitory activity (IC50 value, 2.64μg/ml). In order to identify the bioactive components of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanol extract from G. thunbergii, eight compounds, namely gallic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (3), brevifolin carboxylic acid (4), geraniin (5), ellagic acid (6), kaempferol-3-O-arabinofuranosyl-7-O-rhamnopyranoside (7), kaempferitrin (8) were isolated. The isolates were subjected to in vitro bioassays to evaluate their inhibitory activity on RLAR and galactitol formation in rat lenses. The ellagic tannins (5, 6) and flavonoid (7) exhibited strong inhibitory effects on RLAR. Also, these three compounds (5, 6 and 7) suppressed galactitol accumulation in rat lens under high galactose conditions, demonstrating the potential to prevent galactitol accumulation exo vivo. These results suggest that the extracts and components of G. thunbergii are a promising agent in the prevention or treatment of diabetic complications.

The aim of this study was to evaluate 30 phenolic compounds in adzuki bean germplasm. Adzuki 21653 had the highest content of total phenolics compounds (6597~;~mug~;g-1 ) while 104372 had the lowest concentration. The average total phenolic content of Japanese (2432~;~mug~;g-1 ) adzuki beans was higher than that of Korean (2256~;~mug~;g-1 ) adzuki beans. The average total phenolic contents were 2507~;~mug~;g-1 in small sized adzuki beans from Japan and 2459~;~mug~;g-1 in those from Korea. In large sized adzuki beans, the average total phenolic contents were 1315~;~mug~;g-1 in Japanese seeds and 1232~;~mug~;g-1 in Korean seeds. The average total phenolic contents in medium seeds were 2369~;~mug~;g-1 in Japanese adzuki beans and 1397~;~mug~;g-1 in Korean ones. In small seeds, the total phenolic contents of adzuki beans varied from 524~;~mug~;g-1 to 6597~;~mug~;g-1 in Japanese ones and from 375~;~mug~;g-1 to 6569~;~mug~;g-1 in Korean ones. Japanese and Korean adzuki beans were divided into landraces and wild adzuki beans. In this study, the wild adzuki beans showed higher contents of total phenolics than the native varieties. Specifically, the wild adzuki beans from Korea had the highest concentration of phenolics (3403~;~mug~;g-1 ). All adzuki bean germplasms were measured for their color and were classified into four groups accordingly: A; L < 30, +a, +b; B; L < 30, +a, -b, C; L > 50, +a, +b, D; L > 50, +a, -b. Especially, group B had the highest concentration of total phenolic compounds (2827~;~mug~;g-1 ), whereas group C had the lowest concentration (1882~;~mug~;g-1 ).

The cereal grain crops have strong flexibility against adverse environment and they have various functional compounds. The objective of the present study was to screen phenolic compounds in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], foxtail millet (Setaria italica), common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) detector. Sorghum contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds among three different crops (sorghum, foxtail millet, common millet). Especially Moktaksusu showed the highest amount of phenolic compounds concentrations and biggest regional differences. The comparison of average phenolic compounds in sorghums by regions showed order to Milyang (963.3~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Yeongyang (923.1~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Gijang (831.3~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) and Bonghwa (735.6~;~mug~cdotg-1 ). Among the sorghum cultivars, Moktaksusu (1407.9~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) had the highest concentration of phenolic compounds. The average phenolic compounds of foxtail millets showed similar amount among Milyang (319.0~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Gijang (288.1~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) and Bonghwa (281.9~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) areas. The phenolic compounds of Yeongyang (246.6~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) slightly low and that showed similar concentrations among three different regions. The concentration of phenolic compounds in foxtail millets, Chungchajo (335.6~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) showed the highest concentrations. The average phenolic compounds of common millets showed the highest concentrations in Milyang (305.5~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Bonghwa (262.0~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Gijang (195.1~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Yeongyang (237.2~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) in decreasing order. The concentration of phenolic compounds of common millets was the highest in the Norangchalgijang (337.0~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Hwanggumgijang (250.0~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) was also relatively higher than others. The results of this study will provide basic information for breeding sorghums, foxtail millets and common millets with higher phenolic compound concentrations.

포도씨에 함유된 항산화 및 아질산염소거성분에 대한 마이크로웨이브 최적 추출조건을 예측하고자, 추출조건(microwave power 0~120 W, 에탄올 농도 0~100%, 추출시간 1~5 min)을 독립변수로 하고 조건별 추출물의 총페놀 함량, 항산화능 및 아질산염소거능을 종속변수로 하여 회귀 분석함으로써 최적 추출조건을 예측하였다. 도출된 회귀식의 는 0.8024-0.9498 범위로 나타났다. 추출물 기능성분들의 최대 예측값과 최적 추출조건은

폴리페놀화합물인 안토시아닌, 레스베라트롤, 쿼세틴, 카테킨, 에피카테킨류는 항암작용과 항산화작용을 하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 국내 육성 포도 품종과 외국 도입 품종에 대하여 포도내 대표적인 폴리페놀계 화합물인 안토시아닌, 레스베라트롤, 쿼세틴, 카테킨, 에피카테킨류의 함량을 분석하였다. 전체적으로 카테킨 및 에피카테킨의 함량은 레스베라트롤과 쿼세틴보다 훨씬 높게 검출되었다. 폴리페놀계의 화합물은 과피색 간에 큰 차이는 보이

ROS have been associated with pathogenic processes including carcinogenesis through direct effect on DNA and play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation. Because of many types of phenolic acid derivatives and flavonoids, apples have been one of the human diet since ancient times and are one of the most commonly consumed fruits in worldwide. In this study, catechin, chlorogenic acid and phlorizin dihydrate were purified and identified by HPLC and GC/MS. The contents of catechin, chlorogenic acid and phlorizin dihydrate were 1.01 mg, 7.01 mg and 3.67 mg/ kg wet weight, respectively. Catechin and phlorizin dihydrate were found to significantly inhibit oxidative DNA damage, while chlorogenic did not affect. Also, catechin inhibits NO and PGE2 production via suppressing iNOS and COX-2 expression. However, chlorogenic acid and phlorizin dihydrate did not affect. Our results show that catechin may be the most active phenolic compound in anti-oxidative damage and anti-inflammatory effect.

In order to select superior tree from Korea, five major phenolic compounds including (-)-epicatechin(EC), chlorogenic acid (ChA), hyperoside (HP), isoquercitrin (IQ), and procyanidin B2 (PC-B2) in hawthorn fruit were evaluated. We also compared these hawthorn fruits of five clones with Chinese hawthorn cultivars. HPLC with a diode-array detector was used to determine the contents of the individual compounds. Hawthorn fruits of five clones (selected from different area of Korea), and four Chinese hawthorn cultivars grown in the Korea Forest Research Institute (Suwon) were utilized. With their high functional components, Jungsun is the clone including the highest contents of EC (11.26 mg/g) and PC-B2 (24.46 mg/g). The clone of Chuncheon 15 had highest HP (0.53 mg/g) and IQ (0.41 mg/g). From the results, the clone of Jungsun and Chuncheon 15 can be evaluated to be selected breeding material for cultivar development.

Total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were analyzed from rice samples collected in Korea, Japan and China. The results showed that the total phenolic content and free-radical scavenging activity differed significantly in these rice lines. The correlation between content and activity was subsequently investigated. The results showed that in black rice, anthocyanin was the major phenolic component and that both phenolic content and anthocyanin content were closely correlated with free-radical scavenging activity. Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) data showed that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside composed about 90% of the total anthocyanin content in black rice and in red rice. In the red rice extract, the total phenolic content produced a high correlation coefficient with antioxidant activity but correlated very poorly with the total anthocyanin content. The OD458 and the OD500 values which represent the proanthocyanidin content of the rice extract, produced high correlation coefficients with antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. These results suggest that the OD458 and the OD500 values can be used to evaluate the quality of red rice. In addition, based on the data obtained, a competitive accumulation model of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin in black and red rice was proposed.

Phenolic compounds are naturally occurring secondary metabolites from various plants. These compounds play important roles in plant such as antioxident, antibacterial and anticancer effects. The purpose of this research was to analyze the phenolic compounds contents in Kenaf leaf and stem using High Performance Liquid Chromatograpy. Kenaf is widely distributed throughout the country and third largest fiber crop. Recently, interest in this crop is growing. But, there is little research on their functional material. The obtained results showed that phenolic compounds were significantly various among the examined cultivars of Kenaf. Especially, phenolic compounds contents of leaf were higher than those of stem. The highest concentration of phenolic compounds was in the E41 leaf(24358.99㎍/g) and the lowest concentration was in the Kenaf (in korea) stem(988.21㎍/g). The results of this experiment showed that its contents were different in leaf and stem. These results suggested that Kenaf can be used for functional plant.

Gangjeong is a Korea traditional sweet cookie. Since long ago, Koreans have made Gangjeong at home whenever they have a feast such as a wedding or an ancestral rite. Gangjeong is made of rice or brown rice, honey, and oil, and has many sizies and shapes. They soak the fried pieces of Gangjeong in malt syrup, and produce different colored cookies by covering them with flour made from sesame, beans, pine nuts, pine pollen or grains of boiled rice dyed various colors. Recently, types of Gangieong has varied as the well-being trends. This experiment was conducted to examine the concentration of phenolic compounds the 24 types of Gangjeong finished goods and raw material. The total average concentration of phenolic compounds was 2340.66㎍/g and the most and the least were detected in cinnamon powder(21143.10㎍/g) and rice(49.40㎍/g), respectively. Cinnamon, green-tea powder and others had the highest content of phenolic compounds in the raw materisls. And the finished gangjeong, rice plus curry products exhibited the highest content of total phenolic compounds(1221.60㎍/g). Among the individual phenolic compounds, benzoic acid showed the highest (379.24㎍/g) concentration and sallicylic acid was the lowest (0.34㎍/g) consitutent.

Cereal grains are sort of crops like barley, sorghum, millet, oats, rye and many others. Research of other scientists were shown that whole grain consumption helps lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, ischemic stroke and gastrointestinal cancers. They are rich source of carbohydrates, protein, fats and oils, and have many health-promoting components such as vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, which include phenolic compounds. This research was conducted quantitative analysis about phenolic compounds in 15 lines of cereals by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Samples are 5 of Sorghum bicolor Moench, 5 of Setaria italica, 5 of Panicum miliaceum L. they are harvested from Kyungbook-bongwha in 2009. The phenolic compounds contents of Moktak-sorghum (1187.298㎍/g), Hwanggeumchal-sorghum(897.7417㎍/g) and Hwanggeum-sorghum(762.8306㎍/g) are the highst, those have dark color between Sorghum bicolor Moench. Analysis Among the contents of Sorghum bicolor Moench (+)Catechin(avg. 139.95㎍/g) and Benzoic acid(avg.116.695㎍/g) were higher contents than others. Myricetin(avg.46.15㎍/g) and Quercetin(avg. 47.4368㎍/g) were many contents in Steria italica. Chlorogenic acid(avg. 46.258㎍/g) and Quercetin(avg. 43.0496㎍/g) were many contents in Panicum miliaceum L. The result of this experiment is considered to be the basic data of the functional food manufacturing by utilizing domestic cereal grains.

In this study, we examined the variation of 30 phenolic compounds in the mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) germplasms. Recent studies showed that the potential health benefits from the antioxidnant activity of the phenolic compounds. The average concentration of phenolic compounds among the 70 mungbean germplasms was 2424.9 μg g-1. Among the mungbean germplasms, 25 kinds of mungbean germplasms were higher than others. Specially, 69 (IT 182280) (3836.63 ㎍ g-1) and 63 (IT 180525) (3491.51 ㎍ g-1) revealed highest levels of the total phenolic compounds. On the other hand, 27 (IT 154078) (1624 ㎍ g-1) was revealed lowest concentration of the total phenolic compounds. Among the individual phenolic compounds, rutin (avg. 1776.09 ㎍ g-1) showed highest concentrations, pyrogallol (144.31 ㎍ g-1), gentisic acid (119.19 ㎍ g-1) and chlorogenic acid (78.24 ㎍ g-1) were relatively higher than other phenolic compounds. The germplasm of 69 (IT 182280) had the highest rutin (3156.87 ㎍ g-1) concentraion. While, the biochanin A (avg. 2.02 ㎍ g-1) and formonetin (avg. 2.61 ㎍ g-1) had the lowest levels among the mungbean germplasms. This study indicateded that determination of the functional substances in mungbean germplasms and it is more valuable for the future crop cultivation and food industries.