식물 및 동물성 단백질 유래 펩타이드 형태의 단백질 가수 분해물들은 항산화, 고혈압 완화, 면역조절, 진통완화 및 항균작용 등 생리활성이 있는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구는 연산오계란 단백질 가수 분해물을 Ultrafiltration를 이용하여 HDS(분획되지 않은 가수 분해물), 1 kDa, 5 kDa, 10 kDa, 50 kDa로 분획된 기능성 펩타이드의 DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 및 Fe2+ chelation ability을 평가하였다. 그 결 과 DPPH radical scavenging activity 최대값은 1 kDa(70.83 %), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 최대값은 5 kDa (47.01 %), superoxide anion radical scavenging activity 최대값은 5 kDa(40.57 %), Fe2+ chelation ability 최대값은 5 kDa(29.87 %)로 나타났다. Ultrafiltration를 이용하여 fractionation된 단백질 가수 분해물의 항산화 저해 능력 IC50 평가하였다. 그 결과 HDS의 최대값은 superoxide anion radical scavenging activity(IC50, 5.42 mg/ml)이고, 1 kDa의 최대값은 Fe2+ chelation ability(IC50, 1.67 mg/ml)이고, 5 kDa의 최대값은 Fe2+ chelation ability(IC50, 2.09 mg/ml)이고, 10 kDa의 최대값은 Fe2+ chelation ability(IC50, 2.61 mg/ml)이고, 50 kDa의 최대값은 Fe2+ chelation ability(IC50, 4.53 mg/ml)이 다. 그러므로 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 5 kDa를 이용하여 오계란 단백질에서 분획한 펩타이드는 항산 화 기능성 식품소재로서 활용할 가치가 높을 것으로 기대한다.

식물 및 동물성 단백질 유래 펩타이드 형태의 단백질 가수 분해물들은 항산화, 고혈압 완화, 면역조절, 진통완화 및 항균작용 등 생리활성이 있는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구는 6가지 프로티아제 를 이용하여 오계란 단백질 가수분해물을 생산하고, 생산된 펩타이드의 항산화 능력을 평가하였다. 그 결과 가수분해도의 최대값은 protamex(46.3%)이고, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 최대값은 bromelain(57.23%), 하이드록시 라디칼 소거능 최대값은 alcalase(30.21%), 슈퍼옥사이드 라디칼 소거능 최대값은 alcalase(58.07%), Fe2+ 킬레이션 능력 최대값은 alcalase(72.06%)로 나타났다. 더 나아가 효소별 항산화 저해 능력 IC50 평가하였다. 그 결과 alcalase에 의한 최대값은 금속 킬레이션 눙력(IC50, 1.24 mg/mL) 이고, bromelain에 의한 최대값은 DPPH 소거능(IC50, 2.46 mg/mL)이고, flavourzyme에 의한 최대값은 금속 킬레이션 능력(IC50, 1.25 mg/mL)이고, neutrase에 의한 최대값은 DPPH 소거능(IC50, 3.64 mg/mL)이고, papain에 의한 최대값은 DPPH 소거능(IC50, 3.82 mg/mL)이고, protamex에 의한 최대값 은 DPPH 소거능(IC50, 1.93 mg/mL)이었다. 따라서 protease를 이용하여 오계란 단백질에서 추출한 펩 타이드는 항산화 기능성 식품소재로서 활용할 가치가 높을 것으로 기대한다.

경기도농업기술원에서는 2015년도에 수출에 적합한 흰색 홑꽃형 스프레이 국화 ‘Snow Dream’ 품종을 개발하였다. 2010년도에 선명한 흰색 홑꽃형 ‘Salinas’품종을 모본(♀)으로, 착화수가 많고 조기개화 특성이 있는 흰색 ‘Sei-Lolydis(W)’ 품 종을 부본(♂)으로 인공교배를 하였고 2012년부터 2015년까지 억제재배, 촉성재배, 자연개화 작형에서 특성검정을 거쳤다. 2015년에 재배농가, 소비자, 육묘업체의 기호도 조사를 통해 개화특성과 기호도가 우수한 GCS10-89-1계통을 최종 선발하 여 ‘Snow Dream’로 명명하였고 2016년에 국립종자원에 품종 보호출원 하여 2017년에 등록번호 6508번으로 품종보호권이 등록되었다. ‘Snow Dream’은 흰색 홑꽃형 스프레이 품종으로 여름철 재배시 개화소요일수가 짧아지고 화색이 선명하게 발 현되어 수출에 적합한 품종이다. 단일처리 후 개화소요일수는 자연개화 작형 51일, 억제재배 작형 52일, 촉성재배 작형에서 49일로 여름철 재배시 개화가 빨라지는 특성을 보였다. 자연 개화 작형, 억제재배 작형, 촉성재배 작형에서 초장은 각각 90.0cm, 85.3cm, 91.5cm로 여름철 재배시 신장성이 우수하였 고, 꽃의 크기는 각각 5.1cm, 5.0cm, 4.9cm, 착화수는 각각 21.1개, 22.7개, 22.5개로 연중 비슷한 특성을 보였다. 흰녹병 에 완전한 저항성을 가지지는 못하여 저온기 재배시 환기와 습도조절에 주의하여 재배를 해야 하며, 절화수명은 자연개화 작형에서 22.0일, 여름철 촉성재배 작형에서 16.0일로 대조품 종 ‘Dream Water’에 비해 조금 길었고, 선호도 조사결과 4.3 의 높은 기호도를 보였다.

백색칼라 ‘White Heart’는 2013년 국립원예특작과학원에서 육 성하였다. 절화수량이 많은 Zantedeschia aethiopica ‘Childsiana’ 와 무름병에 강하지만 수량이 적은 Zantedeschia aethiopica ‘Wedding March’를 2004년 교배하였다. 2005년부터 2007년까지 구근증식과 양성을 거쳐 2008년부터 2012년 4년간 1, 2차 생육과 개화특성을 평가하여 화형이 우수하고 무름병에 저항성이 있는 ‘Z. cw-116’를 선발하였다. 2013년에 ‘원교 C4-8호’로 계통명을 부여하여 3차 특성검정 및 기호도 평가를 수행한 결과, 화형이 우수하고 무름병에 강한 계통으로 평가되었다. 2013년에 직무육 성품종심의회를 통과하여 ‘White Heart’로 명명 받았다. ‘White Heart’의 생육 및 개화특성은 부본으로 사용된 ‘Wedding March’을 대비품종으로 하여 조사하였다. ‘White Heart’는 초장 73cm, 엽장 27cm로 부본과 비슷하나, 꽃이 더 크고 둥글며 예쁜 백색(RHS color chart, W155C) 중형의 절화용 품종이다. 주당 화수는 1.4개 로 대조품종보다 약간 많으며 꽃대길이가 61cm로 대조품종 (74cm)보다 짧은 편이다. 절화수명은 13일(대조 12일)로 약간 길며 무름병에는 강한 저항성을 갖고 있다.

To investigate the aroma and quality characteristics of wine bestowed by the degree of ripening of Cheongporang grapes, the general quality composition, color, organic acid, physiological activity, aroma component and sensory evaluation were analyzed. The general characteristics of the wine assessed were pH 3.34~3.50, total acidity 0.46~0.67%, color intensity 0.074~0.116, lightness 98.99~99.74, redness －0.39~0.01, and yellowness was 1.52~3.10. Malolactic fermentation was not relative to the contents of malic acid and lactic acid. The total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were lowest in C3 wines made with ripe grapes and highest in C4 wines made with mixed grapes. Aroma analysis identified 6 alcohols, 15 esters and 5 miscellaneous compounds. Compounds with higher odor activity value (OAV) were 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl butanoate, isopentyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate and octanoic acid. The C4 wine, a mixture of grapes with different degrees of ripening, had the highest ester content and ratio. The lowest values were found in the C3 wine made with ripe grapes. Results of the sensory evaluation related the C4 wine, containing a large amount of ester compounds having high OAV values as the aroma component, as the best and most preferred wine.

The catch performance of the silver-white jig for automatic jigging machine, developed to improve the effectiveness of LED fishing lamp in catching squid, was compared to that of the conventional green jig. The vessels used in this investigation were Haesong-ho (A-vessel), a training vessel of Gangwon State University and Haengbok-ho (B-vessel), a commercial fishing boat. In the case of the A-vessel, five to eight automatic jigging machines were used in the fishing operation with a 31.3 kW LED fishing lamp in summer. As for the B-vessel, fourteen automatic jigging machines were used with a 43.2 kW LED fishing lamp in autumn and winter. The results showed that the catch performance of the silver-white jig was similar to that of the green jig in the case of the A-vessel (p>0.05). However, in the case of the B-vessel, the catch performance of the silver-white jig was superior to that of the green jig in both winter (p<0.05) and autumn (P<0.001). Based on the catch performance results regarding the B-vessel in autumn, it is expected that the annual income increase that can be earned by using the silver-white jig will be KRW 26,385,000.

Using a customized diffusion bonder, we executed diffusion bonding for ring shaped white gold and red gold samples (inner, outer diameter, and thickness were 15.7, 18.7, and 3.0 mm, respectively) at a temperature of 780 °C and applied pressure of 2300 N in a vacuum of 5 × 10−2 torr for 180 seconds. Optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to investigate the microstructure and compositional changes. The mechanical properties were confirmed by Vickers hardness and shear strength tests. Optical microscopy and FE-SEM confirmed the uniform bonding interface, which was without defects such as micro pores. EDS mapping analysis confirmed that each gold alloy was 14K with the intended composition; Ni and Cu was included as coloring metals in the white and red gold alloys, respectively. The effective diffusion coefficient was estimated based on EDS line scanning. Individual values of Ni and Cu were 5.0 × 10−8 cm2/s and 8.9 × 10−8 cm2/s, respectively. These values were as large as those of the melting points due to the accelerated diffusion in this customized diffusion bonder. Vickers hardness results showed that the hardness values of white gold and red gold were 127.83 and 103.04, respectively, due to solid solution strengthening. In addition, the value at the interface indicated no formation of intermetallic compound around the bonding interface. From the shear strength test, the sample was found not to be destroyed at up to 100,000 gf due to the high bonding strength. Therefore, these results confirm the successful diffusion bonding of 14K white-red golds with a diffusion bonder at a low temperature of 780 °C and a short processing time of 180 seconds.

In order to replace 14K white gold alloys, the properties of 5K white gold alloys (Au20-Ag80) were investigated by changing the contents of In (0.0-10.0 wt%). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to determine the precise content of alloys. Properties of the alloys such as hardness, melting point, color difference, and corrosion resistance were determined using Vickers Hardness test, TGA-DTA, UV-VIS-NIR-colorimetry, and salt-spray tests, respectively. Wetting angle analysis was performed to determine the wettability of the alloys on plaster. The results of the EDS analysis confirmed that the Au-Ag-In alloys had been fabricated with the intended composition. The results of the Vickers hardness test revealed that each Au-Ag-In alloy had higher mechanical hardness than that of 14K white gold. TGA-DTA analysis showed that the melting point decreased with an increase in the In content. In particular, the alloy containing 10.0 wt% In showed a lower melting temperature (> 70 °C) than the other alloys, which implied that alloys containing 10.0 wt% In can be used as soldering materials for Au-Ag-In alloys. Color difference analysis also revealed that all the Au-Ag-In alloys showed a color difference of less than 6.51 with respect to 14K white gold, which implied a white metallic color. A 72-h salt-spray test confirmed that the Au-Ag- In alloys showed better corrosion resistance than 14K white gold alloys. All Au-Ag-In alloys showed wetting angle similar to that of 14K white gold alloys. It was observed that the 10.0 wt% In alloy had a very small wetting angle, further confirming it as a good soldering material for white metals. Our results show that white 5K Au-Ag-In alloys with appropriate properties might be successful substitutes for 14K white gold alloys.

‘White UFO’는 모본을 ‘Himalaya’로, 부본을 ‘Wonder King’ 으로 2004년에 교배하여 2007년까지 포장에 심어 관찰하면서 우수 개체를 선발하였다. 선발된 개체는 생장점 배양으로 증 식하여 포장에 심어 3년 동안 생장을 조사하였다. 그 결과 품 질과 수량성 등이 경쟁력이 있다고 인정되어 2007년에 ‘White UFO’로 명명하고 국립종자원에 출원하여 2009년에 등록하였 다. 특성은 내부와 외부설상화는 백색(RHS 155B)이고, 직경은 13cm로 대형종이다. 화심은 검은색이며 화경은 녹색이며 화 경장은 60㎝로 대조 품종인 ‘White Candy’ 보다 5㎝ 더 길어 상품성이 있다. 절화수명은 12.5일로 대조품종과 비슷하다.

This study investigated the chemical composition of headspace gas from white-flowered lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner). Volatile flavor compositions of headspace from white-flowered lotus (floral leaf, stamen, flower stalk, stem) were investigated through the solid-phase microextraction method using polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene fiber. The headspace was directly transferred to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty-three volatile flavor constituents were detected in the headspace of lotus floral leaves, and undecanoic acid (7.81%) was the most abundant component. Fifty-three volatile flavor constituents were detected in the headspace of lotus stamina, and isobutylidene phthalide (7.94%) was the most abundant component. Forty-four volatile flavor constituents were detected in the headspace of lotus flower stalks, and 3-butyl dihydrophthalide (11.23%) was the most abundant component. Fifty-nine volatile flavor constituents were detected in the headspace of lotus stems, and ligustilide (16.15%) was the most abundant component. The content of phthalides was higher in the headspace of flower stalks and stems, while alcohols and acids were the predominant compounds in lotus floral leaves.

In this study, quality characteristics and antioxidative activities were comparatively evaluated between the macaron with egg white powder added at the ratios of 2, 4, 6 and 8% and the macaron with added liquid egg white, in order to determine the applicability of the macaron with added egg white powder. The analysis of amino acids indicated that the group with 8% of egg white powder added showed the highest total amino acid content of 7,584.20 mg/100 g. The group with 4% of egg white powder added showed the highest sweetness (p<0.01); whereas, and the group with 2% of egg white powder added showed the highest pH (p<0.001). In terms of the chromaticity, L (p<0.01) and a values (p<0.05) were increased with the increasing percentage of added egg white powder. With the increasing percentage of added egg white powder, textures such as hardness (p<0.01), chewiness (p<0.05), gumminess (p<0.001), and cohesiveness (p<0.001) decreased; whereas, adhesiveness (p<0.001) and springiness (p<0.01) increased. The results of the sensory evaluation indicated the highest preference for the macaron containing 6% white egg powder, in all items. DPPH free radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, and reducing power were increased with increasing amounts of added egg white powder (p<0.001). Collectively, the results indicated that the production of macaron with the addition of 6% of egg white powder is the most suitable mixing ratio for enhancing the preference and quality level.

2007년에 잣나무림에서 하늘소과, 바구미과, 나무좀아과에 속하는 천공성 딱정벌레 군집을 말레이즈 트랩을 활용하여 조사하였다. 하늘소류 15종 184 개체, 바구미류 17종 185개체, 6종 1,246개체의 총 1,615개체 천공성 딱정벌레가 채집되었고 우점종은 왕녹나무좀이었다. 개체수에 따 라 순위를 매겼을 때, 잣나무림에서 천공성 해충과 나무좀류 군집은 나무좀아과의 한 종에 의해 우점되어 생물다양성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 잣나 무림에서 간벌은 나무좀과 암브로시아좀류의 풍부도에 영향을 미쳐 특정 임분에서의 개체군들은 간벌 1년 후 밀도가 증가했으나 그 후 감소하였다.

This study focused on the physiological change of the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae 15 stages, under different acclimation methods up to the endpoint of 4 practical salinity unit (psu). Besides using sea water as the control, two acclimation methods, fast acclimation (50% salinity reduction every 8 hours) and slow acclimation (50% salinity reduction every day), were adapted. Results show that the survival rate, glucose and blood uric nitrogen of each group were not significantly different. However, the ion profile differed according to the acclimation methods. Magnesium and sodium of shrimps acclimated to low salinity in both the methods, showed lower concentration than shrimps at 32 psu sea water. Especially, Na+ concentration, which directly influences the osmolality of shrimp, decreased sharply in the fast acclimated group during the first eight hours (from 32 psu to 16 psu). To reduce acclimation stress, it is recommended to take more than eight hours during the first step for reducing the salinity.

The technique of VR and AR utilizing HMD and peripherals was due to launch the products in which the research developers predicting the market magnification satisfy the request of the users in 2016. In the suddenly change game market, because of reflecting global technique and standardization trend, the white paper on Korean games and ICT standardization roadmap published for the development of Korea game industry are important in the decision procedure of the prediction of the game industry and game marketing and technology development and standardization support policy related to the game. In this paper, I analyze the present condition of Korean game industry through published white paper on Korean games and ICT standardization roadmap since 2012 by the year 2016 and suggested the competitiveness strengthening measure of Korean game industry required for the pathfinding of the global game market.

고온기 시설딸기 재배시 저비용 고효율의 냉방기술을 개발하기 위하여 차광도포제 이용효과를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 차광에 따른 일사량(W/m2)을 조사한 결과 무차광에 비해서는 차광 15% 도포구는 14~17%, 차광 35% 도포구는 33~37%, 흑색차광망은 39~44% 감소하였다. 그리고 투광비율은 맑은 날에 비해서 비오는 날 차광 15%, 35%도포구에서 조금 높아지는 경향이었다. 차광처리에 의한 시설내부 온도는 차광 15% 도포구는 38.4oC, 차광 35% 도포구 36.5oC이었는데 흑색차광막은 35.1oC이었다. 흑색차광망에 비해서 차광 15% 35% 도포 구는 각각 3.3oC, 1.9oC더 높았다. 차광처리에 딸기의 관부직경은 흑색차광막이 7.5mm, 차광 35% 도포구 8.6mm, 차광 15% 도포구 8.3mm로 조사되었다. 딸기의 지상부 생체중은 차광 35% 도포구 7.8g, 차광 15% 도포구 6.7g, 흑색차광막이 5.8g이었다. 그리고 지하부 생체중은 차광 35% 도포구 4.3g, 차광 15% 도포구 4.1g, 흑색 차광막이 2.7g으로 차광 35% 도포구에서 가장 무거웠다.

본고는 영국에서 활동한 미국인 인상파 화가 제임스 맥닐 휘슬러의 작품과 그가 디자인한 <공작의 방>에 구현된 19세기 중 반 이후 영국사회의 중국 청화백자 수집 열광 현상인 ‘차이나매니아(Chinamania)’에 관해 고찰한 것이다. 17, 18세기 중 국 청화백자에서 자신의 예술적 영감의 원천을 발견한 휘슬러에 의해 촉발된 1860년대 영국에서의 차이나매니아 현상 은 <공작의 방>이 완성된 1870년대 후반기에 이르러 부르주아 계층의 주요 소장가 그룹을 중심으로 점차 영국 상류 사회 전반에 확산되어갔다. 1878년 휘슬러에 의해 완성된 <공작의 방>은 19세기 중반 이후 영국사회에서 유행한 중국 청화백 자 소장 문화의 특성을 고스란히 반영하고 있다. 휘슬러의 17, 18세기 중국 청화백자를 소재로 한 회화 작품과 그가 구성 한 <공작의 방>의 제작 과정을 분석하는 연구는 1860년대 이후 영국 상류사회에서 새롭게 등장한 중국 도자기에 대한 미적 취향과 소장 문화의 의미를 파악하는데 있어서 중요한 학술적 의미를 지니고 있다.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various feeds on body length, width, and weight, and larval mortality of white-spotted flower chafer (Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis Kolbe). The feeds , aloe, apple, banana, persimmon and sweet pumpkin were tested to measure the developmental parameters. The result showed that no any significant effect of feeds on the larval weight in the early. However, as larva get matured, the effects of feeds on the developmental parameters were found significantly varied. Weight of larvae, cumulative increase on body length and width, and body weight were also found increase in case of apple feeding. Lowest increment of developmental parameters were reported in banana feeding. Highest mortality (11.2%) was occurred in aloe, banana, persimmon and sweet pumpkin feeding. Lowest mortality (9.9%) rate was observed in apple. Feeds such as apple, sweet pumpkin, and aloe can be used as a optimum diet for mass rearing of P. brevitarsis seulensis in laboratory.

‘Woonbaek’ bred by the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 2011 is a new white standard chrysanthemum cultivar. The artificial crossing was made in 2007 between ‘Suishin’ and ‘Gilyangma’. ‘Suishin’ was the autumn-flowering standard chrysanthemum cultivar with white petals and low temperature flowering type, while ‘Gilyangma‘ grew well at low temperature. Vigorous plants with numerous white petals and low branches were selected in 2008. Genetic trait investigations of the line (07B1-659) had been performed between 2009 and 2011 and included flowering stability, uniformity, and year-round productivity, the final test of the producer and consumer preference. ‘Woonbaek’ is a new standard cultivar that blooms in late October in natural condition. The flower has numerous petals, a green colored center, and a s table flower shape. The number of ray flower was 249 and flower diameter was 14 cm. Vase life was approximately 21 days in autumn season. The stem was not significantly thinner at the upper end. ‘Woonbaek’ was applied as No. 2012 - 244 on March 23, 2012, for variety protection and its plant variety protection rights have been registered as No. 4839 on March 17, 2014, at the Korea Seed and Variety Service.

The National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science achieved the breeding of the moon cactus cultivar ‘Hahong’ with dark red color in 2013. Initially, the red dark colored 'Seolhong' and 'Gohong' cultivars were crossed in 2009. Their seeds were harvested after 2 months, sterilized by C2H5OH 70% and NaOCl 2%, and then sowed in 100 mL flasks filled with Kyoto medium + Charcoal 0.1%. The bottom of the germinated shoot was cut, grafted in vitro into a young vine cactus, Hylocereus trigonus, and then planted in a test tube with the same medium. After 6 months, the young grafted cactus was moved into the greenhouse and hardened for 7 days. The cactus was grafted in vivo once a year for four years, the characteristics of growth were surveyed three times from 2011 to 2013, according to the guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability of Gymnocalycium mihanovichii. ‘Hahong’ has a flat round shape, dark red skin color (R 46B), an average of 8.3 ribs (8 – 10 ribs) similar to ‘Seolhong’. The spine on the body has gray and brown colors and grows up to 4.1 mm in average in a straight shape. The tubercle on the rib is projecting, with a diameter of 39.6 mm, and produces 14.2 offsets in average at 10 months from planting. The preference score for this cactus is 4.2 on a five-point scale. On June 1, 2015, ‘Hahong’ was registered (registration No. 5561) and is now protected by Korean Seed Industry Law.

The purpose of the study was to the Cognitive Interpretation of “the “White” System Words in Shuo Wen Jie Zi” Terms. The results revealed Based on Conceptual Blending Theory, the paper concluded: “the “White” System Words in Shuo Wen Jie Zi” Terms, is looking for more this word, and then by metaphor, metonymy activate the synthesis of new cognitive meaning empty, meaning the formation of a new color. Such a series of “hidden word refers specifically to look for” a lot of the later “refers to identifying the dominant word” generation preparations were made on semantics (a) Colors and nominal objects usually have a fusion form in ancient times and a batch of phraseologies take place in mediaeval times consisting of color terms plus original word with color acceptation having spillage over the original word due to the latter’s wearing away and expansion for accurate expression or because of word shapes, rhetoric and perceptions. The study findings may serve as a guide for further research on Chinese color terms system and culture of Chinese.