Changes in the fishing grounds for four drag-bagnet fisheries (large trawl, large pair trawl, large Danish seine and middle Danish seine) were investigated by year and sea-blocks in Korean waters. We used catch and effort data by sea-block (latitude × longitude: 30´ × 30´) of the National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS) and yearly fishing production statistics of the Korean statistic information service from 2008 to 2014. The main benthic habitat of fishing ground was sand and sandy mud material. The average swept areas for the four fisheries were 181.7 km2, 606.4 km2, 2,720.9 km2 and 252.8 km2, respectively. The main fishing ground was around Jeju Island and the eastern South Sea. The main fishing ground moved to the northern part of the South Sea during the study period due to a closure of fishing grounds and changes in the target species.

2007년 어선원노동협약은 어선원의 근로조건, 거주설비 및 식량, 산업안전․보 건, 그리고 의료관리 및 사회보장 등 양호한 근로 및 생활 조건을 보장하고 향 상하는 데에 목적이 있다. 국제적으로 통일된 최소한의 어선원에 대한 최소의 노동기준이 채택된 것에 큰 의의가 있다. 최근 우리 정부는 어선원의 근로조건 향상을 위하여 관련 연구 용역을 수행 한 바 있으며, 협약 수용에도 많은 관심을 나타내고 있다. 이 논문에서는 수산 업계에 대한 실태와 설문분석을 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 협약 수용 시 산업계 에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있거나, 협약의 내용과 우리 법령의 내용의 차이가 있어 법률을 개정해야 하는 사항들을 위주로 식별하여 분석하고, 선원법령의 선원법 령의 정의규정, 적용범위, 최저연령, 휴식시간 등 입법안을 제시하였다.

Fisheries policies are diversifying, including welfare programs for fishermen, revitalization of earfish and villages, and support for the sixth industrialization of fishing villages. In response to these policy changes, the purpose of this study is to categorize the fishing village fraternity, which is a local community, a fishery production organization, and a basic unit of a fishing village, and compares the characteristics of each type A number of indicators were selected by collecting data on the Categorization and evaluation of fishing villages fraternity and the statistical geographic information service. A number of indicators were extracted as representative factor variables using the principal component analysis, and then cluster analysis was performed to categorize the fishing village fraternity. This study was the first to attempt a comprehensive approach to revitalize the fishing village economy by using not only demographic and social characteristics, industrial and economic characteristics, but also regional characteristics. The characteristics of each type of fishing village fraternity find its significance in that it provides basic information that can be used in policy decisions. In order to strengthen the sustainability of the fishing community in the future and contribute to the sustainable development at the national level, the development of sustainable fishing village fraternity development indicators and follow-up studies on fishing village regeneration strategies will be needed.

This study aims to face common threats from the depletion of fish resources, the decline of production and employment as well as the increase of life risk in East Sea Rim countries, North Korea, South Korea, Japan and Russia due to the Chinese fishing fleets entering East Sea. The recent competition in fishing among fishing vessels and fleets of national origin operating in the East Sea has induced a significant change in the ecological landscape of the fishing fleets cluster while having influenced production and employment in the fishing industries of South Korea and Japan as well as life threat on the fishermen in North Korea. It seems that the population organizational ecological theory can be applied to this change. It can be seen as the isomorphism of the selection process over the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) to avoid the environment in which these North Korean fishing vessels are pushed against the Chinese fleet in the North Korean part of the East Sea. To resolve the fishery disputes or conflict in the common waters in East Sea, first of all, Chinese fishing fleets will be required to put international pressure so as to solve the unfairness of the illegal fishing and overfishing by the International Fishery Organization or the UN violations of the sanctions against North Korea selling fishing rights to China. Although it is not easy for South Korea to cooperate with North Korea in the short term, South Korea will be able to support the fishery infrastructure in North Korea in the mid- to the long-term to prevent the loss of innocent lives for their fishermen and to raise their incomes.

This study analyzed the reproductive biology, fishing characteristics and changes in fishing business of Liparis tanakae, snailfish collected from September to March. It was the period when they were mainly caught from 2018 to 2020. The average length was generally small in September and October and was large in January and February. The average body weight was generally around 1,500 g and the average body weight in autumn was lower and in winter was higher. The sex ratio of male and female was 0.40:0.60 (χ 2 test, p < 0.05). The spawning period was estimated from October to February and the main spawning period was from December to February through the GSI. The egg diameter of matured staged female L. tanakae was 0.11-1.48 mm, which was the main spawning period and the relationship between body weight and fecundity was F = 1849TL0.1093 (r2 = 0.2401). The monthly catch of L. tanakae was high from November to February, the time of migrating to the coastal area. Coastal gillnet fishery showed the highest percentage of all fisheries catching Liparis spp. Liparis spp. were caught at a high rate in winter in Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam and Gyeongnam region, and revenue and cost was increased since 2017. Assuming a situation where there is no catch of Liparis spp., the fishing profit that can be obtained was the highest in Gyeongnam region and the dependence on fishing of Liparis spp. by coastal gillnet fishery was high.

In order to collect basic data for the improvement of fishing systems in coastal improved stow net fishery, a questionnaire survey and on-site hearing were conducted from May 10 to June 11, 2019 on the basic items of coastal improved stow net fishery and safety accidents that occurred during fishing operation. The questionnaire for the survey on the actual conditions of coastal improved stow net fishery consisted of a survey on basic matters (six questions) and a questionnaire (six questions) on safety accidents occurring during fishing operation. The results of the survey on basic items were analyzed by region (Incheon, Seocheon, Gunsan and Mokpo), by the captain’s age (less than 50 years of age, 50 to 60 years and more than 60 years of age), by the captain’s career (less than 20 years, 20 to 30 years, 30 to 40 years and more than 40 years) and by the age of fishing vessel (less than 10 years, 10 to 20 years and more than 20 years). According to the survey on basic items of coastal improved stow net fishery such as the captain’s age, the captain’s career, the age of fishing vessel, the fishing nets in use, the crews on board and the operation days per voyage by region, the average captain’s age was 55.7 years, the average captain’s career was 20.5 years, the average age of fishing vessels was 9.0 years, the average numbers of nets used by fishing boats was 14.0 sets, the average numbers of crew on board a fishing boat was 4.4 persons and the average numbers of operation days per voyage was 4.9 days (p < 0.05). As a result of the survey on safety factors during fishing operations, such as experience of ship accidents, major causes of ship accidents experienced, causes of ship accidents (first priority), experience of human accidents, major causes of human accidents, and causes of human accidents (first priority), more than 96% of the respondents experienced ship accidents including collisions with other vessels or fishing gear during fishing operations. The most significant cause of the accident was the other’s fishing gear installed in the fishing grounds. The first possible causes of ship accidents during fishing operations were found to be other fishing gear installed in fishing grounds, steering or engine failure, and inability to avoid accidents during casting and hauling nets. The survey of the experience of human accidents, such as injuries or sea falls, showed that more than 90% of the respondents experienced human accidents during fishing operations. The most important cause of accidents experienced during fishing operations was stucked in a fishing gear during casting and hauling nets. The first important causes of accidents during fishing operations were movement of the fishing gear during casting and hauling nets, damage of the fishing gear such as rope cutting. The results are expected to be provided as a basic data to prevent safety accidents occurring during fishing operation and improve the fishing system in the coastal improved stow net fishery.

The purpose of this study was to develop an optimized hull-form of a coastal fishing vessel operating at high speed. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, HOTBOAT, that can perform an automatic hull-form optimal design of a coastal fishing vessel, was developed. HOTBOAT was composed of an objective function estimation algorithm and an optimization algorithm and a hull-form modification algorithm. In this study, the wave-making resistance was selected as an objective function and the potential-based panel method was applied to predict the objective function. SQP(sequential quadratic programming) method were adopted to predict the optimal direction and answer. Bell-shaped hull-form modification function method and NURBS(non-uniform rational B-spline) geometry modeling method were applied to modify the hull-form during the whole optimization process. HOTBOAT was applied to develop the optimal hull-form of a coastal fishing vessel with minimum wave resistance. The initial hull-form of the coastal fishing vessel was compared with the optimal hull-form. As a result of hull-form optimization, a coastal fishing vessel with a reduction of about 30% was developed compared with the initial hull-form and the displacement and the wetted surface area of the optimal hull-form was decreased to less than about 1% in comparison with the initial hull-form.

The deck area of a ship uses a variety of mechanisms and especially, for handling heavy materials, such as a Windlass, a Davit and a Derrick, a Winch for a deck, which controls by winding a drum with a wire or a rope is mostly used. Since the winch mainly uses a hydraulic system depending on driving characteristics, load-based power consumption is the most important device for this method. Therefore, an experimental study on the effect of energy reduction resulting from the flow rate variation was conducted by applying an inverter control to the deck winch, which is being used in a real training ship. As a result, when the surrounding environment and the driving condition were equal to each other, the maximum reduction and the minimum reduction in power consumption resulting from the flow rate variation excepting the maximum flow rate conditions was 51.8% and 16.1% respectively.

Recently, the annual emission rate of CO2 that is the main reason for domestic greenhouse gases is the third highest globally, which means it is an extremely serious issue. It is considered that these greenhouse gases affect climate changes. Especially, the emissions of CO2 in the fishing industry are nearly 4.11 million tons each year, occupying 0.7 percent of domestic total emissions. Therefore, this study clearly analyzed fuel consumption of major fish species over the recent five years focusing on large purse seines. It was revealed that mackerels occupied 55.7 percent of total fish catches of large purse seines and 57.5percent of total fishing earnings. Also, fuel consumption was 236.62 liters per ton caught and 179.51liters per million won earned.

지난 10년간 복원력 상실에 의한 어선의 해양사고가 지속해서 증가하고 있으며, 갑작스러운 강풍이 주요 원인으로 지적되고 있다. 이러한 강풍에도 견딜 수 있는 어선의 운동·조종성능을 확보하기 위해서는 정밀한 풍하중 예측 기법이 우선되어야 한다. 따라 서 본 연구에서는 전산유체역학 기법을 이용한 어선의 풍하중 평가기법을 개발하고자 한다. 특히, 고도 변화에 따라 풍속이 변화하는 계산환경을 모사하여 그 결과를 균일한 속도분포를 가정한 수치해석 결과와 비교 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 0-180°까지 15° 간격 으로 13개의 방향에 대해 풍하중을 계산하였으며, 계산에 사용된 메쉬 모델은 메쉬 의존성 시험을 수행하여 개발하였다. 전산수치해석은 RANS(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) 기반 상용 해석 Solver인 STAR-CCM+(Ver. 13.06)와 k-w 난류 모델을 이용하여 정상상태(Steady State) 유동해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석결과를 간략히 살펴보면 Surge, Sway 및 Heave에서 39.5 %, 41.6 % 및 46.1 % 풍하중이 감소하였으 며 Roll, Pitch 및 Yaw에서 48.2 %, 50.6 % 및 36.5 % 감소하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 고도에 따른 풍속 변화 모델을 통해 기존보 다 정밀한 수준의 풍하중 추정이 가능한 것을 확인하였으며, 그 결과가 선박의 풍하중 추정 평가기법 발전에 이바지하길 기대한다.

At ship design stage, the maneuverability is generally estimated based on the empirical formula or the computational fluid dynamic (CFD), which is one of the numerical simulation methods. Using the hydrodynamic derivatives derived through these methods can quantitatively estimate the maneuverability of target vessels and evaluate indirect maneuverability. Nevertheless, research on estimating maneuverability is insufficient for ships not subject to IMO maneuverability standard, especially fishing vessels, and even at the design stage, the empirical formula developed for merchant ships is applied without modification. An estimation error may occur due to the empirical formula derived from the regression analysis results of a model test if the empirical formula developed for merchant ships with different hull shapes is applied to fishing vessels without any modification. In this study, the modified empirical formula that can more accurately estimate the fishing vessel's maneuverability was derived by including the hull shape parameter of target fishing trawlers in the regression analysis process that derives Kijima et al. (1990) formula. As a result, the modified empirical formula showed an average estimation error of 6%, and the result improved the average error of 49% of Kijima et al. (1990) formula developed for merchant ships.

In Jeju, in order to efficiently manage and coexist fishing boats and passenger ships in narrow ports, it is necessary to establish reasonable policies. The survey was conducted on 99 fishing ports, from December 1 to 31, 2018. A site survey was conducted on 30 parties (15 in Jeju City and 15 in Seogwipo City) concerning with the use of fishing ports in Jeju to review the appropriate conditions for selecting fishing ports as control subjects. The survey determined size of pleasure craft mooring within fishing port (20%), size of fishing boat mooring (20%), and accessibility of fishing port (20%) under on-site survey factors as well as willingness to form a consultative group between fishing boat and pleasure craft users (20%). Upon the request of the survey, positive and negative opinions were collected on the establishment of a safety control center in the fish port. Based on the survey results, the factors mentioned above were applied to each and every fishing port within Jeju. The bottom five fishing ports in Jeju with the lowest total factor scores were identified and selected as control subjects for review and study. Of the five fishing ports selected as control subjects amidst the 99 fishing ports in Jeju, Dodu Fishing Port had the lowest score of 22% among the national fishing harbors. Among the local fishing ports, Hwabuk Fishing Port had the lowest score of 18%, followed by Sagae Fishing Port with a score of 22%. Hamdeok Fishing Port had the lowest score of 24% among the fishing port villages, whereas Ojo Fishing Port had the lowest score of 24% among the small fishing ports.

해수의 서로 다른 물성이 만나는 해양 전선은 해수의 열교환 및 운동량 교환, 물성의 혼합과정과 같은 해양 역학적 과정과 해양-대기 상호작용으로 기상변화와 기후 변화를 조절하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 이러한 해양 전선이 중등 학교 교과서에는 해류가 만난다는 의미를 가지는 ‘조경 수역’이라는 용어로 사용되고 있으며 동해 어장과의 관련성을 제시하고 있다. 그러나 고등교육과 해양과학자들은 지난 수십 년 동안 이 이 용어를 사용하지 않고 있어서 용어의 적절성이 조사되어야 하며 오개념을 제거할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 2015 개정교육과정에 기반한 중등학교 교과서 11종(중학교 5종, 고등학교 6종)을 활용하여 이와 관련된 교과 내용을 분석하였다. 또한 중등학교 과학교사 30인을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하여 이 문제에 대한 교사들의 인지 정도를 분석하였다. 조경 수역과 어장에 관한 교과서의 내용을 분석한 결과, 과학적 사실과 부합하지 않는 상당히 많은 오류와 오개념이 발견되었다. 교과서에서 조경 수역이라는 개념이 한류와 난류가 만나는 의미로 주로 활용되고 있으나, 수온, 염분, 밀도, 유속 등 해양의 서로 다른 물성이 접하는 ‘해양 전선’이라는 포괄적인 용어로 대체하는 것이 바람직하다. 교과서에서는 어장의 계절변동을 겨울에 남하하고 여름에 북상하고 북한한류의 계절변동과 연결하고 설명하고 있지만 이는 북한한류의 여름철 강화에 관한 그동안의 과학적 사실에 위배되는 내용이다. 동해의 어장은 동해안 좁은 영역에 국한된 것이 아니라 훨씬 더 넓은 해역에 광범 위하게 분포하고 있다. 교사들의 설문 결과는 이러한 오개념이 지난 수십 년 동안 지속되어 왔음을 입증하였다. 본 연구는 조경 수역, 어장, 북한한류와 관련된 오개념을 수정하기 위한 과학적 지식의 중요성과 교육과정으로의 전달 과정의 중요성을 강조하였다. 향후 이 연구가 교과서 수정과 교사교육에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있기를 기대한다.

This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of the reduction of working safety accidents in stow net fishery through the prevention education to fishing crews. The benefit was evaluated by estimating insurance payment amount that was reduced through prevention education. The decreasing rate of working safety accidents was presumed to follow the experience in Japan. The cost was assumed as the cost of textbook development. Results indicated that IRR was estimated to be 79.9% in case of scenario assuming no additional operating costs while IRR was 56.3% in case of scenario assuming 10% additional operating costs. In addition, the economic feasibility would be secured when annual operating costs increased to 274 million won according to the result of sensitivity analysis.

According to the statistics of KMST (2010~2019), 68.5% of marine casualties have been occurred in fishing boats in the last 10 years. Although the incidence rate of annual average per ship is 10.4% for merchant ships and 2.3% for fishing boats, it is necessary to first reduce the marine casualties of fishing boats in order to reduce the occurrence of the whole marine casualty, considering that the number of registered fishing boats are 86.5% of the total. In this study, the top 10 fishing types with high occurring marine casualties in the past 10 years were selected using the statistics of KMST. Then, the causes of the marine casualties, focusing on the collision, were analyzed and counterplan were suggested. The biggest marine casualty that the top 10 fishing types have caused in the past 10 years was a collision, accounting for 71.7% of the total, and the rest were less than 10.0% each. Also, it was found that the biggest environment and cause of the collision were due to human factors such as poor look out or negligence of duty. Eventually, it was concluded that a reduction in the human factors for the causes basically, could lower the incidence of the marine casualties. Therefore, if the continuous and systematic correcting education of the attitude toward the ship operating of seafarers could conducted with the focus on the main human factors, the whole marine casualties will be expected to decrease gradually.

It is important to understand the factors in which fishing village experiences have on family relationships. The purpose of this study is to derive the variables related to the family stemmed from the analysis of previous studies, and to find and present common factors that specifically influence the fishing experience in the family relationship. Through this, we intend to find it out in addition to the visible results such as income and experience, it can be an effective policy as a means to improve family relations through mutual efforts and understanding among families in promoting fishing-related policies. As a result of the analysis of the study, two common factors that the fishing experience had on family relationships were extracted. The first common factor is 'mutual effort,' which results in trying for each other's emotions, communication, understanding, and unity. The second common factor is 'mutual sharing' so fishing experiences are generally related to each other in family relationships. It can be seen as a result of sharing the memories, pleasures, and bonds of the people.

This study aimed to establish the public interest functions of fisheries and fishing villages, which is intended to help introduce and expand the public-purpose direct payment system in the fisheries sector. Firstly, this study looked at trends related to the public interest functions of domestic and foreign cases in similar fields in order to get implications for establishing public service functions in fisheries and fishing villages. Secondly, three criteria were defined for establishing the public interest functions of fisheries and fishing villages. Thirdly, the public interest functions of fisheries and fishing villages were defined through prior research, analysis of overseas cases, and consultation with experts in the fields of fisheries and fishing villages. As a result, the six public interest functions and the 14 detailed functions were defined. Finally, this study established a direction for preserving and improving the public interest functions of fisheries and fishing villages, and presented strategies for achieving them.

Engaged in trawling in limited fishing grounds with a number of fish schools could cause collisions between fishing vessels. Therefore, providing accurate maneuver information according to the situation could be regarded as essential for improving seafarers safety and fishing efficiency as well as safety of navigation. It is difficult to obtain all maneuver information through sea trial tests only, so a method through empirical formula is necessary. Since most empirical formulas are developed for merchant ship types, especially the characteristics of hull shape parameter like CbB/L and dCb/B etc. are clearly different between fishing vessels and merchant ships, this could occur estimation errors. Therefore, in this study, the authors have selected target fishing vessels and merchant ships and analyzed the characteristics of hull shape parameter according to the ship types. Based on this analysis, the empirical formula developed for the merchant ship type has applied to the target fishing vessels; it has verified through the turning motion simulation that the estimation error could be generated. In conclusion, it is necessary to include the characteristics of the hull shape parameter of fishing vessels in the empirical formula in order to apply the empirical formula has developed for merchant ship types to fishing vessel types.