In today’s rapidly changing business environment, rapid decision making and effective project management are essential for business growth. This study examines how project manager competencies and organizational structures affect business performance. Successful project execution depends on the strategic use of project managers’ skills and organizational resources to maximize performance. An empirical study was conducted with 475 participants from the construction and engineering sectors. The applied analyses included multiple regression analysis and two-way ANOVA to assess how project manager competencies and organizational types affect business performance. The results of the study show that project manager competencies significantly improve business performance, especially when combined with appropriate organizational types. Effective use of organizational frameworks leads to better financial results, increased market competitiveness, and greater innovation. The results of the study are as follows: First, project manager competencies were found to have a significant positive effect on business performance. Second, the use of functional, project, and matrix organizations had a significant positive effect on business performance. This suggests that aligning organizational structures with business objectives is important for achieving optimal performance. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the academic literature and practical applications of project management and organizational research. In addition, if we can select organizational members based on the learning effects of previous projects when operating new projects in the future, it will help reduce risks. Ultimately, it will improve the project manager’s competency level, promote the individual abilities and knowledge sharing of team members, and provide opportunities for the company to build efficient new systems. This will be evaluated as a valuable study in terms of academic and practical productivity.

We explored the effect of galaxy-galaxy interaction on the FIR-radio correlation of star-forming galaxies by comparing the qFIR parameter distribution between interacting and non-interacting galaxies. Our sample galaxies were selected from the SDSS Stripe 82 region, where relatively deep optical images are available in addition to ancillary FIR and radio data. The qFIR values were 2.73±0.49 and 2.53±0.90 for interacting and non-interacting galaxies, respectively. The t-test results indicated that the difference in qFIR values between the two categories is not statistically significant. Our findings align with those of previous studies suggesting that either FIR excess or radio excess occurs only transiently during brief timescales in the merger stages, rather than persisting throughout the majority of merger events identified by features such as tidal tails or double nuclei.

본 연구는 유아교사의 그릿과 공감능력이 교사-유아 상호작용간의 상 관과 유아교사의 그릿과 공감능력이 교사-유아 상호작용에 미치는 영향 을 알아보기 위한 목적을 지닌다. 연구대상은 C 지역 유아교사 208명이 며 연구 대상에게 2023년 7월 3일부터 8월 6일까지 설문조사를 실시하 였다, 수집자료는 SPSS 21.0을 통계프로그램을 사용하여 상관분석, 다 중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 유아교사의 그릿과 공감능력은 교사-유아 상호작용에 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교사-유 아 상호작용 전체에 가장 영향을 미치는 변인으로 그릿의 하위변인인 열 정, 흥미지속으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 공감능력의 하위변인인 인지적 공감과 그릿의 하위변인인 끈기 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 유아 교사-유아 상호작용의 질을 높일 수 있는 유아교사의 그릿과 공 감능력 증진을 위한 교사 지원에 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

Chlorine is a crucial radionuclide that must be removed in irradiated nuclear graphite. Understanding the interaction between chlorine and graphene-based materials is essential for studying the removal process of 36Cl from irradiated nuclear graphite. In this study, first-principle density functional theory (DFT) was utilized to investigate the adsorption characteristic of chlorine on the original and reconstructed edges of graphene-based materials. Based on the calculation of adsorption energy of the structures after each step of adsorption, the most energetically favorable adsorption routes at four types of edge were determined: Along the armchair edge and reconstructed zigzag edge, the following adatoms would be adsorbed to compensate the distortion induced by the previously adsorbed atom. Meanwhile at the original zigzag edge, chlorine atoms would be adsorbed alternatively along the edge to minimize the repulsion between two adjacent chlorine atoms. The chemical nature of the bonds formed as a result of adsorption was elucidated through an examination of the density of states (DOS) for the two adsorbed chlorine atoms and the carbon atoms attached. Furthermore, to assess the relative stability of the adsorption structures, formation energy of all energetically favorable structures following adsorption was computed. Consequently, the predominant adsorption structure was identified as the reconstructed armchair edge with two chlorine atoms adsorbed. The desorption process of 36Cl2 from the predominant structure following adsorption was simulated, revealing an energy barrier of 1.14 V for desorption. Comparison with experimental results suggests that the chlorine removed from reconstructed armchair edges significantly contributes to the low-temperature removal stage of 36Cl from irradiated nuclear graphite.

중국 문학사에 있어 당대(唐代), 그 중에서도 중당(中唐)이라는 시기적 위치는 특 별함을 가지고 있다. 이 시기는 사인(士人) 계층의 개혁 의지가 강렬해지면서, 정치, 문화, 학술 등 다양한 분야에서 변화가 본격화된 시기이기도 하였다. 특히 과거(科 擧)를 통해 선발된 문인 계층이 신흥세력으로 부상하면서 그들만의 문화를 형성한 것도 바로 이 시기이다. 중당(中唐)을 대표하는 문인 중 문체 개혁운동의 정점에 서 있던 인물이라고 한다면 한유와 백거이를 대표적으로 떠올릴 수 있다. 양인(兩人)은 각각 문체 개혁운동에도 힘쓰면서도, 문인 집단을 이끌어간 영수(領袖)의 위치에 서 있었던 인물이었다. 하지만, 문인 집단 내에서는 교유가 활발했던 두 문인이었지만, 오히려 두 문인 간에는 교유의 흔적을 찾아보기 쉽지 않다. 본고에서는 한유와 백거 이 양인(兩人) 간 교유시(交遊詩)에 대해 소개한 뒤, 어떠한 상황 하에서 어떠한 내 용으로 교유시를 증답하였는지를 파악하기 위해 작품에 대한 분석을 시도하였으며, 이외에도 양인(兩人)의 교유에 영향을 줄 수 있는 중당(中唐) 시기의 환경적 특징에 는 어떠한 요소들이 있는지 간단히 살펴보았다.

Entomopathogenic fungi serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides. In this study, we investigate the interactions between mosquitoes and Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-157, which showed high insecticidal activity against mosquitoes, by RNA-seq analysis. RNA from mosquitoes was extracted at the median lethal time to identify changes in gene expression. The results showed 580 genes were up-regulated, while 336 genes were down-regulated in fungal treated mosquitoes. Up-regulated genes were related to metabolic and cellular processes such as cytochrome P450, DNA replication, and apoptosis. Down-regulated genes were involved in metabolism pathways such as lysosome, starch and sucrose metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. These results are crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of fungal invasion and interaction in insects, providing insights for future pest management strategies.

Over four years (2020–2023), 305 traps were strategically placed across South Korea to collect data on Vespidae species. Our findings showed that Vespula flaviceps, Vespa crabro, and Vespula koreensis were the most frequently encountered species. Vespa velutina was also widespread, suggesting its successful integration into local ecosystems. The ARL analysis, using the “apriori” algorithm, identified significant co-occurrence patterns and potential interactions. The rules generated indicated both competitive and coexistent relationships with varying levels of association strength across different regions. Clustering analyses, including hierarchical and k-means clustering, grouped species based on their occurrence similarities. The distinct clusters formed in the analysis highlighted the unique ecological roles and interactions of V. velutina and other Vespidae species in South Korean ecosystems.

Climate change has led to increased insect pests and pest distribution changes. Traditionally, chemical control using synthetic pesticides has been the main method for pest management, but the emergence of pesticide-resistant pests has become a problem. There is a need to develop new pest control agents to overcome these issues. Entomopathogenic fungi used in pest management have minimal environmental side effects and possess a mechanism of action distinct from that of synthetic pesticides. However, there is a need for the development of technologies to maximize the insecticidal effects of fungi against pests, and expressing and releasing dsRNA within the fungi can preemptively knock out the activation of the insect’s defense system, thereby enhancing the insecticidal effect. Controlling insect defense genes and using entomopathogenic fungi as bio-carriers forms a new pest management strategy. This approach, described as a “microbial insecticide agents development strategy of cassette concept, ” can versatilely modify genes and microbes. It is expected to overcome the limitations of synthetic pesticides.

It is well known that invertebrates do not have adaptive immunity because of their short life cycle. Especially, insects have a strong innate immune system, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) production, to protect themselves from a wide range of pathogens. Previously, we identified over 60 genes related to AMP production, including Toll and Imd pathways, and characterized their immunological role in response to pathogenic infection through target gene-specific RNAi. This resulted in decreased expression levels of most AMPs in the larvae which were injected with target gene-specific dsRNA and microbes. Currently, we are focusing on studying the regulation of AMP production through epigenesis. It may help us understand how to regulate the innate immune system induced by pathogenic infection.

This study examined the relationship between Body mass index (BMI) classification and the occurrence of dyslipidemia using 3 years of health examination data from a university hospital in Changwon, and seeked to find other factors that affect dyslipidemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis investigated the most common risk factors for developing dyslipidemia and used Kaplan-Meier survival curves to predict the probability of developing dyslipidemia according to BMI class. We then analyzed the effects of metabolic indicators such as smoking habits, alcohol consumption, blood pressure, glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and insulin. The Type I error rate was controlled through Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons to extract reliable statistical data. in the present study, these results showed that the probability of developing dyslipidemia was high in the obese group, and confirmed that lifestyle habits such as smoking and drinking were highly correlated with the occurrence of dyslipidemia. Therefore, we suggest that dyslipidemia management and prevention strategies require public health policies that comprehensively manage lifestyle factors such as gender and weight management, smoking cessation, and drinking habits.

Ischemic stroke is caused by a blockage of the cerebral artery, which leads to a severe neurological disorder. Chlorogenic acid is a phenolic acid found mainly in plants such as coffee beans, eggplants, and carrots. It exerts a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemic damage. Bcl-2 family protein is a representative apoptosis regulatory protein. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL act as apoptosis inhibitors, while Bax and Bad act as apoptosis inducers.The interaction of Bcl-2 family protein plays an important role in determining cell fate. The aim of this study was to investigate whether chlorogenic acid modulates the interaction of Bcl-2 family proteins during ischemic injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery was performed to induce cerebral ischemia. Chlorogenic acid (30 mg/kg) or phosphate buffered saline was intraperitoneally injected to adult male rats 2 h after MCAO surgery. Neurobehavioral tests were performed to confirm the neuroprotective effect of chlorogenic acid 24 h after MCAO injury, and immunoprecipitation analysis was performed to investigate the interaction of Bcl-2 family protein. MCAO damage showed signs of severe neurological disorders, while chlorogenic acid improved these disorders. Results of immunoprecipitation analysis were as follows. Interaction between Bax and Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL was decreased in MCAO injury, chlorogenic acid prevents these decreases. In contrast to Bax, Interaction between Bad and Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL was increased in MCAO injury, chlorogenic acid prevents these increases. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid attenuated MCAO-induced increase of capase-9. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that chlorogenic acid exerts a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemic injury by modulating interaction of Bcl-2 family proteins.

본 연구의 목적은 유아의 언어 및 문해능력, 교사와 유아의 교사유아상호 작용, 유아의 사회적 유능감이 유아의 놀이 단절에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국아동패널 7차 연도 데이터를 사용하였고, 변인들의 영향력을 분석하기 위해 중다회귀분석을 실행하였다. 연구 결과로는 첫째, 언어 및 문해능력, 교사유아상호작용, 사회적유능감 모두 유아의 놀이 단절 에 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 언어 및 문해능력이 가장 높은 설명 력을 보였다. 둘째, 사회적 유능감 하위 요인 중, 자기통제가 놀이 단절에 가 장 강력한 부적 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 교사유아상호작용의 하위요인 중에서 유아유아상호작용이 놀이단절에 가장 강력한 부적 영향력을 나타냈다. 본 연 구를 통해 유아의 놀이 단절을 감소시키기 위해서는 유아의 언어능력과 사회 성을 증진시켜줌과 동시에 교사가 유아와 양질의 상호작용을 해야 한다는 것 을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 의의는 유아의 놀이 단절에 영향을 미치는 변인 들을 알아보고 놀이 단절을 감소 및 예방하기 위한 교육적 시사점을 제공한 데 있다.

본 연구의 목적은 국내 시장에 진출한 다국적기업 현지 자회사의 ESG 경영과 디지털 역량이 재무적 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보고, 현지 ESG 경영과 디지털 역량 간의 상호작용 효과를 살펴보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 한국에 진출한 다국적기업 현지 자회사에 대한 실증분석을 시행한 결과, 현지 ESG 경영과 자회사가 보유한 디지 털 역량 모두 재무적인 성과를 증진하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 자회사의 ESG 경영과 보유한 디지털 역량은 유 의한 정(+)의 상호작용 효과를 나타내지 못하는 것으로 확인되었다. 오히려 자회사의 현지 ESG 경영과 디지털 역량은 부(-)의 유의한 상호작용 효과가 확인되는 분석결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 현지 ESG 경영과 자회사의 디지털 역량이 현지에서의 재무적 성과를 개선할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 그뿐만 아니라, 자회사의 디지털 역 량과 ESG 경영은 서로가 긍정적인 재무적 성과로 이어지는 것에 각자가 걸림돌이 될 수 있는 대체재 관계라는 사실을 방증한다. 이는 다국적기업 현지 자회사가 전략적 측면에서 어떤 역할을 맡을 것인지에 따라 ESG 경영과 디지털 역량 중 하나만을 선택해 역량을 결집하는 것이 바람직함을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과는 현지에서 쓸 수 있는 비용이 한정되어 둘 중 하나만을 선택해야 하는 현실을 마주한 현지 자회사가 ESG 경영과 디지털 역량 발 현 둘 모두에 충실하기보다는 하나의 전략 실행에만 유무형의 경영 자원을 집중함으로써 재무적 성과를 극대화할 수 있다는 사실을 환기하였다.

This study performed the seismic response analysis of an LNG storage tank supported by a disconnected piled raft foundation (DPRF) with a load transfer platform (LTP). For this purpose, a precise analytical model with simultaneous consideration of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) and Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) was used. The effect of the LTP characteristics (thickness, stiffness) of the DPRF system on the seismic response of the superstructure (inner and outer tanks) and piles was analyzed. The analytical results were compared with the response of the piled raft foundation (PRF) system. The following conclusions can be drawn from the numerical results: (1) The DPRF system has a smaller bending moment and axial force at the head of the pile than the PRF system, even if the thickness and stiffness of the LTP change; (2) The DPRF system has a slight stiffness of the LTP and the superstructure member force can increase with increasing thickness. This is because as the stiffness of the LTP decreases and the thickness increases, the natural frequency of the LTP becomes closer to the natural frequency of the superstructure, which may affect the response of the superstructure. Therefore, when applying the DPRF system, it is recommended that the sensitivity analysis of the seismic response to the thickness and stiffness of the LTP must be performed.

MCCI, one of the ex-vessel phenomena during a severe accident, is generally caused by mutual reactions between molten core and reactor building basemat concrete, but occurs between sacrificial materials made by concrete and corium in APR nuclear power plant with PECS applied. In this paper, MCCI analysis was performed to design and apply a device to block the core melt at the junction connected to the ICI cavity sump from the core catcher installed in the reactor cavity of the APR. Unlike the sacrificial material, which has a cooling effect by inducing erosion of the ex-vessel core melt, the device is composed of concrete applied as a barrier to protect the ICI cavity sump. The decent thickness of the barrier wall of the device was calculated.

본 연구는 생성형 인공지능인 챗봇을 활용해서 핵심광물을 탐구하는 과정에서 나타나는 챗봇과 학생의 반응, 그 들 사이에서 일어나는 상호작용을 인식론적 측면에서 분석했다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 인공지능을 활용한 교수·학습 과정 에서 유의해야 할 문제들을 교사의 역할, 교육의 목표, 지식의 속성 측면에서 논의했다. 이 연구를 위해 고등학생 19명 을 대상으로 챗봇을 활용한 3차시 과학 교육 프로그램을 진행했고, 학생들이 작성한 보고서를 분석했다. 그 결과, 학생 의 질문은 형식적 측면에서 검색형 질문과 탈검색형 질문이 나타났고 내용적 측면에서는 대상에 대한 특성을 묻는 다 양한 질문 외에도 여러 자료를 종합해서 판단할 것을 요구하는 질문도 나타났다. 대체로 학생들은 지향해야할 것과 지 양해야 할 것을 구분한 질문 전략을 갖추고 있었다. 챗봇의 답변은 일정한 형태-서문, 본문, 결문 등의 3부분으로 이루 어져 있었고, 특히 결문에는 내용에 대한 의견을 곁들인 논평이나 의견 등이 포함되어 있어서 여기에는 가치 판단과 함께 과학의 본성이 나타났다. 챗봇과 학생의 상호작용은 학생이 챗봇의 답변에 대한 질문을 조직하는 과정에서 잘 드 러났다. 답변 근거 여부에 따라 독립형, 파생형 질문으로, 포괄성 수준의 변화에 따라 상위형, 하위형, 병렬형 질문이 나타나기도 했다. 학생들은 챗봇의 답변에 비판적 사고기술이 포함된 질문으로 반응하기도 했다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으 로 챗봇과 학생 사이에는 교사와 상호작용하는 일반적 수업과 달리 ‘제한된 상호작용’이라는 태생적 한계가 있음을 발 견하고 이를 보완할 교사의 역할을 논의했고, 아울러 AI를 활용한 학습의 목표 및 이들이 제공하는 지식의 속성을 함 께 논의했다.

Copper, mainly used as a material for outer canister, generates various corrosion products under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the operational and/or post-closure phases of the deep geological repository. These products could affect performance of engineering barrier system (EBS) through interaction with surrounding bentonite that makes up the buffer and backfill materials. Accordingly, in this study, we suggested research items to be conducted to minimize degradation of EBS due to copper corrosion products, based on the phenomenological review results for copper corrosion mechanisms and interaction between resultant product and bentonite in the deep geological disposal environment. During the post-closure phase, condition in the disposal facility changes form aerobic to anaerobic over time, and thereby, causes and products of copper corrosion vary. Under aerobic condition, copper corrosion is mainly induced by oxygen (O2) in the repository, chloride (Cl-) and carbonate (CO3 2-) ions from groundwater flowing into the facility, resulting in corrosion products such as cuprite (Cu2O), tenorite (CuO), atacamite (CuCl2·3Cu(OH)2) and malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2). And, copper corrosion under anaerobic condition is primarily due to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfate (SO4 2-) in groundwater flowing into the facility, leading to formation of chalcocite (Cu2S) and covellite (CuS) as corrosion products. Depending on environment of the disposal facility, copper corrosion products are dissolved and ionized to Cu2+ in groundwater, and subsequently adsorbed on the nearby smectite. Then, it causes a cation exchange reaction with exchangeable cations in the interlayer of smectite. As a result of reviewing the previous experiments, it was confirmed that Cu2+-exchanged bentonite has a slightly reduced basal spacing and swelling capacity. From the results as above, there is a possibility that performance of EBS may be degraded due to copper corrosion products. To minimize its effect of degradation in the domestic facility, items to be further studied are as follows: (a) Method for reducing copper corrosion such as selection of appropriate material and structure for the canister, and (b) How to control dissolution of copper canister product into groundwater through predicting type and ionization process. The results of this study could be directly used to developing design concept of EBS for the domestic disposal facility and to establishing roadmap of future R&D programs.

The buffer is installed around the disposal canister, subjected to heating due to decay heat while simultaneously experiencing expansion influenced by groundwater inflow from the surrounding rock. The engineering barrier system for deep geological disposal require the evaluation of longterm evolution based on the verification of individual component performance and the interactions among components within the disposal environment. Thus, it is crucial to identify the thermalhydro- mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes of the buffer and assess its long- and short-term stability based on these interactions. Therefore, we conducted experimental evaluations of saturationswelling, dry heating, gas transport, and mineralogical alterations that the buffer may undergo in the heated-hydration environment. We simulated a 310 mm-thick buffer material in a cylindrical form, simulating the domestic disposal system concept of KRS+ (the improved KAERI reference disposal system for spent nuclear fuel), and subjected it to the disposal environment using heating cartridges and a hydration system. To monitor the thermal-hydro-mechanical behavior within the buffer material, load cells were installed in the hydration section, and both of thermal couples and relative humidity sensors were placed at regular intervals from the heat source. After 140 days of heating and hydration, we dismantled the experimental cell and conducted post-mortem analyses of the samples. In this post-mortem analysis, we performed functions of distance from the water contents, heat source, wet density, dry density, saturation, and X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results showed that after 140 days in the heated-hydration environment, the samples exhibited a significant decrease water contents and saturation near the heat source, along with very low wet and dry densities. XRD Quantitative Analysis did not indicate mineralogical changes. The findings from this study are expected to be useful for input parameters and THMC interaction assessments for the long-term stability evaluation of buffer in deep geological disposal.