Qianjin Yaofang by Sun Simiao of the Tang Dynasty is a comprehensive collection of medical classics. The original version has been lost. Zhenben Qianjinfang, as the earliest extant version, contains a large number of common characters and has a very high reference value. This article takes the common characters in Zhenben Qianjinfang as the object of investigation, and uses research methods such as document collation, Chinese character studies, and exegesis to comprehensively sort out and systematically describe the common characters in the book, in order to provide reference for the study of ancient medical books. Based on preliminary statistics, there are a total of 661 pairs of characters that have a relationship between orthodox and secular in Zhenben Qianjinfang. Referring to Mr. Zhang Yongquan’s classification method of vulgar characters, these vulgar characters can be divided into nine categories, including changing meanings, changing sound symbols, simplification of glyphs, multiplication of glyphs, writing variation, splitting or merging of components, displacement of components, newly created vulgar characters, and borrowing pronunciation and common words, etc. For each type of common characters, typical examples are cited for critical analysis to explain the formation mechanism and rationale behind the glyphs of the common characters. To sum up, the formation of the common characters in Zhenben Qianjinfang is mainly the result of the combined effects of two internal and external factors. The evolution of glyphs, the need for semantic expression, and the phonetic characteristics of Chinese characters have contributed to the emergence of vulgar characters within the language system, while external factors such as politics, technology, and culture have also had a certain impact on the formation of common characters.

한자가 중국에서 한국으로 전래된 후 한자의 학습과 사용을 편리하게 하기 위해 한자교육 방면의 동몽 독서물이 대량으로 정리되고 편찬되었다. 󰡔한국유학교육자료집해󰡕 제1권 󰡔동몽교 육편󰡕은 조선시대에 간행된 19종의 동몽 독본을 수록하여 조선시대 민중의 한자에 대한 인식과 문자 사용 실태를 전반적으로 이해하는 데 귀중한 자료를 제공한다. 19종의 한자 동몽 자료는 많은 이체 속자를 사용하여 중국의 한자 사용과 다른 특징을 보여준다. 총체적으로 볼 때 조선시 대 동몽 문헌에 보이는 속자는 크게 두 가지 유형이 있다. 하나는 필획의 증감, 필획의 형태 변화, 간접 부건과 기타 부건의 혼재, 부건 배치의 차이, 초서의 해서화 등의 요인으로 형성된 異寫俗字이고, 다른 하나는 조자 방법의 차이, 조자 방법은 같지만 부건이 다른 경우, 구조적 속성은 같지만 부건 수량이 다르거나 필사의 변이로 인한 구조의 차이 등의 요인으로 형성된 異構俗字이다. 조선시대 동몽 문헌의 속자 사용에서도 주목할 만한 특징이 나타난다. 예컨대 고문과 예서의 정서법을 많이 보존하고 있고, 중국 고대 속자의 변형된 정서법을 전승 및 사용하 고 있으며, 문자의 속자가 체계성을 갖추고 있는 등을 들 수 있다.

This article introduces the Korean “vulgar characters” recorded in the “Jaseo Jibyo” (《字書輯要》) written in the late Joseon Dynasty with the addition of Dong-vulgar corrupt characters (referred to as “Dong-su characters”), and to clarify its academic significance for the purpose. The article contains a total of 117 vulgar Chinese characters, which were probably written in the late 19th or early 20th century. It includes various common and special characters that were seen at that time, so that we can understand the use of common characters in the late Joseon Dynasty. For this reason, this article has made the “Popular Characters”, and compared with the square-printed edition “Shiwencuo” which preserved the alien society at that time, and obtained the universal use of the common characters. The “vulgar words” are divided into four categories: “①omit, ②add, ③replace, and ④symbolize”. Then, taking the characters (國guo), 伩(儒 ru), and (聖sheng) as seen in the “Dong-vulgar characters” as examples, the cultural awareness hidden behind the characters is analyzed in detail, in order to navigate the cultural research of variant characters. Attached is the “Popular Character Catalog” attached to the “Manuscript Addition and Deletion of Yeomlag Pung-a”(《增删濂洛風雅》) collected by the author for comparison and reference.

The study of Chinese vulgar characters is one of the important contents in the study of modern Chinese characters, and it is also one of the important contents in the study of the dissemination of Chinese characters. Based on the 81 poems and more than 300 folk characters in the Vietnamese Chinese document “Giới Hiên Collected Poems”, this paper explores the nature of Chinese vulgar characters and related issues. The nature of Chinese vulgar characters can be characterized from the perspective of Chinese character shape, structure and function: Vulgar characters are used by the civil community, with different forms of different forms, different components of the composition of the word, often used to record and correspond to the orthography of the Chinese character. Clarifying the nature of “vulgar characters” is of great significance to its ontology research, modern Chinese research, and Chinese character dissemination research.

Chinese folk characters have appeared in Vietnam for a long time, no later than the 12th century. During the period of independence, Chinese characters were popular in Vietnam. Vietnamese literati often used common words when using Chinese to create works, especially in books such as folk sacrifice and folk novels. However, Vietnam’s research results in this area are very limited. This paper investigates the common characters in the Chinese novels of JinYunqiaoLu, and tries to summarize the structural law and writing habits of common characters of Vietnamese Chinese characters so as to make up for the shortcomings of the study of Vietnamese Chinese characters and enrich the common character library of Chinese characters. At the same time,this paper，from the perspective of Vietnamese people, makes an textual research on the words “de” so as to debate the differences between them and their predecessors.

As the largest written Chinese dictionary in the Joseon Dynasty, “Gujin Shilin” contains a wealth of Korean vulgar words. This paper takes the Korean Kanji Words in “Gujin Shilin” as an example, analyzes the Korean common characters used in the entry, and summarizes the characteristics of the common characters in the inheritance of “Liushu”, such as associative compounds, pictophonetic characters, and phonetic loan characters, as well as the simplification of the form, the symbolization of the components, and the components of the common characters. The variation law of functionalization and reconstruction of pronunciation and meaning is beneficial to the research on the spread and development of popular characters outside the territory.

Chinese characters spread to the Korean peninsula, forming a huge Chinese character document, unearthed inscriptions, handwritten copies and manuscripts in volume. Investigating the changes in the use of characters in their documents, most of them inherited the normal and popular characters in China. Until the Li Dynasty of Korea, regional popular characters gradually became characteristics. Especially in pen-based and block-printed editions, there are many variants of folk characters, and the types include province variants, understanding variants, symbol variants, cursive variants, and vulgar variants. The article examines the regional variations of “邊” “懷” “竄” “儒” “滅” “釋” “辭” “聲” “樂” in Korean historical documents.

As one of the earliest Buddhist scripture classics, the “Faju Sutra” adopts the form of chanting, and the content is plain and simple. Ganbo 001 “Faju Sutra” contains two parts, “Dao Heng Pin” and “Ni Huan Pin”. This article uses this manuscript as the research object, and divides its glyphs into parts to describe the glyph features of this manuscript. According to Huang Zheng’s “Dunhuang Vulgar Characters Dictionary” (2nd edition), the classification method of the common characters is carried out to study the classification of common characters. At the same time intercept the glyphs that have not been recorded by the predecessors and make a supplement to the “Dunhuang Vulgar Characters Dictionary”.

The study mainly focuses on the non-classical words in Dunhuang manuscripts of Tang Dynasty. We built a visualized database which not only showes the process of evolution and variation in detail of the non-classical words, but also illustrates the causes of formation, the principles of variation, the product of evolution in this period, and other relative issues. This paper is divided into four sections. The first section is to introduce some achievements of Dunhuang non-classical words, then explain what will be demonstrated in this paper. In section two we make a statistics about what had happened to Dunhuang non-classical words in three periods of Tang Dynasty. For the sake of clarifying the principle of evolution and variation in non-classical words of Dunhuang manuscripts, microscopic research and macroscopic analysis are operated in the third section. The final section makes a conclusion about the whole study. The target of this paper tries to set up a modeling with clue of time so as to conduct a systemic research at the macro level.

The study of the non-classical words in Dunhuang Manuscripts mainly focuses on the process of the analysis in the whole words. In the meantime, the component analysis should be another way to describe the influences of their variation to the formation, development and changing of non-classical words. In this paper, there are five sections to demonstrate the statistical study. Section one is elementary information about the study of non-classical words in Dunhuang Manuscripts which provides a brief introduction to the audience. The source of materials, the basis and methods of operation, and some particular issues are mentioned in section two. In the third and fourth section, charts and diagrams are used to illustrate the words sample set in relation to component variants, giving an explicit presentation about what changes had happened in the same component, and the relationship between components and their variants. The last section is a conclusion about what we had done in the study and what we need to pay more attention to in the future. The chiefly task of the study is to establish a visualized statistical database of component variations quantity statistics by means of components decomposing and classifying. The conditions of diachronic change and synchronic variation in components of non-classical words in Dunhuang Manuscripts can be shown distinctly. It also makes preparation for further studies on individual word, its evolvement rule and other relative research.

以韓國坊刊本《九雲夢》（1803）為依據，全面調查其中的中土傳承俗字和域外變體俗字。結合朝鮮刊本《樊川文集��註》（1440），揭示漢語俗字在韓國的傳承與變異軌跡，探尋古代漢字圈“通用俗字”歷史面貌，探求“國別俗字”發生發展規律，從通用俗字群反觀漢語俗字的成立和演變，從國別俗字現象󳠀漢字傳播過程中的局部變異與整體變異規律。