The purpose of this study was to estimate the influence of the determinants for home meal replacement (HMR) purchase frequency before and after COVID-19. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to the 2018~2020 Consumer Behavior Survey for Food data from the Korea Rural Economic Institute (KREI). Gender, age, number of households, monthly income, use of eating out, delivery and takeout order service, HMR food safety concern, the frequency of cooking at home, grocery shopping, and eating alone were applied as the explanatory variables to explain HMR purchase frequency. The results are as below. Compared to the previous year, the growth rate of HMR purchase frequency in 2020 was relatively high, indicating that the COVID-19 outbreak acted as a catalyst. Unlike in 2018 and 2019, there was no statistical difference in the HMR purchase frequency between single- and multi-person households in 2020, with indicating multi-person households began to emerge as one of the major HMR consumption groups. Unlike 2018, the 2020 HMR purchase frequency showed a statistically positive relationship with those of grocery shopping and eating alone. There was a positive relationship between the frequency of eating out/food delivery orders and HMR purchases. The more often cooking at home occurred, the less HMR food was purchased.

본 연구는 졸업식, 입학식 시즌에 생화 꽃다발 상품에 관해 소비자 인식과 구입 특성을 알아보고자 10세 이상의 내국인 남, 여 242명을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 졸업, 입학식 시즌의 꽃다발 상품 구입 이유에 관한 설문 결과, 특별한 날이기 때문에 가족, 친구들과 좋은 시간을 보내기 위한 능동적인 구입 형태가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 소비자들은 유치원 및 대학교 졸업, 입학식에 비해 초, 중, 고 졸업, 입학식 에 꽃다발 구매 경험이 더 많았으며, 주로 행사 당일 1~2시간 전에 노점에서 상품을 구입하는 것을 선호하였다. 소비자들이 선호하는 꽃다발 가격과 크기는 1~5만원 사이의 중간 (21~50cm) 크기를 선호하였다. 소비자가 생각하는 꽃다발 가격 결정 요인으로는 꽃다발의 품질이 가장 중요한 요소로 생각하였고, 선호하는 절화의 특성은 전제적인 디자인이 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 연령별 소비자가 선호하는 절화 특성으로는 10대는 30대 이상 연령에 비해 선명하고 화려한 색의 절화를 선호하며, 30대가 20대보다 화형이 큰 절화를 선호 하였다. 꽃다발 상품을 구입하지 않는 이유는 가격에 대한 신뢰와 절화수명에 대한 만족도가 떨어지기 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 꽃다발 대체상품으로 보존화, 건조화, 조화 등을 구입하는 비율은 낮았으며, 대체상품을 구입하는 일부 소비자들은 생화보다 오래 볼 수 있으며 관리가 쉽기 때문에 구매하는 경향이 있었다. 본 연구 결과, 변화하는 소비자들의 절화상품 인식 제고를 위해 절화 가격 및 구매 후 관리에 대한 교육과 홍보가 더욱 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of purchase of processed foods and the awareness about food label among middle school students. This survey was conducted by involving 350 middle school students in Incheon city, Korea from June 17~19, 2015. Middle school students consumed confectioneries, bread, carbonated drinks, and juices and ice creams once or twice a week at the rate of 53.4, 53.0, 40.6, and 36.9%, respectively. The most frequent place, time, and reason to purchase the processed foods were ‘convenience store (36.2%)’, ‘after school (26.8%)’, and ‘hunger (77.9%)’. The subjects exhibited top priority (57.0%) on the taste at the time of purchasing the processed foods. Interestingly, the girl-students (44.7%) checked the labels of food more than the boy students (34.0%). The reasons for checking the food labels included acquiring significant information about the shelf life (27.0%), price (18.1%), nutrient (19.1%), and food additives (14.1%). Among the food labeling information, the name of the product (55.7%), the date of manufacture (49.3%) and the content (32.6%) were checked mainly by the subjects. In addition, the major reason for not confirming the food labeling was ‘the food label was too small or crude (31.9%)’. It is necessary to inform about the processing methods and ingredients of the processed to middle school students so that they can make the correct choice of processed foods. Development of proper education methods on nutrition for middle school students is necessitated for healthy living.

In order to protect the health of students and to prevent environmental harm, the School Health Law has been enacted and enforced. In the current “School Health Law Enforcement Rule”, school facilities, such as student desks and chairs, are required to use a small amount of formaldehyde emission values. In this study, an analysis was conducted with the purpose of using the basic data for the adjustment of the present emission standard. The formaldehyde exposure trend in the classroom was evaluated by examining the newly purchased student desks and chairs. As a result of measuring the compound levels in ten schools, the new student desks and chairs seemed to have contributed little to indoor formaldehyde levels. Only one classroom out of ten schools exceeded the threshold of 100 μg/m³ in Class 2 (without new desks and chairs) [(2)103.7 μg/m³]. A measurement of the classrooms exposed to formaldehyde for more than 10 years did not exceed the standard value. It is also very likely to be a source of contamination due to the recent construction (within 6 months) of indoor building materials, which was the dominant feature of the nine new schools. Although the study comprised a limited measurement, the appraisal results are suitable for HCHO emission.

Consumers may have different reasons to buy the animal welfare eggs by purchase places. They may have preferred places to buy the eggs, also. The objective of this study was to compare the purchase places for the eggs. If the producers of the eggs understand the different reasons by the places, they will establish marketing strategies for the eggs by the purchase places. A total of 355 Korean consumers was surveyed. There were statistical significances at traditional market, major retail outlet, and convenience store for female consumers and at traditional market, major retail outlet, department store, internet shopping and convenience store for married people. For age groups, over 40s group showed a significance at traditional market, major retail outlet, department store and convenience store. There were statistically significant at traditional market, major retail outlet, and convenience store for the respondents who had over three million won as their monthly income. It was significantly proven at traditional market and major retail outlet for full time housewives. From the results of the study, the following marketing strategies can be suggested for the places to buy the eggs by demographic classification. The producers should classify the markets and focus their strategies to each place for increasing their market share. These results suggest that focus on traditional market for female and middle-aged group, and retail shop like discount store for the people classified by over 3 million won in income. This study also could be used to aid marketing strategy and animal welfare eggs research.

산업현장의 개인보호구 사용 제도는 실질적으로 비현실적인 상태에 놓여있는 실정 이다. 대한민국 정부와 사업주는 보호구 사용 제도의 실태에 관하여 실질적인 개정 작 업에 박찰을 가할 시기가 도래하였으며, 지금부터 제도에 대한 개혁을 시도하여야 한 다. 선진국에 비교한다면 너무나 늦은 그저 “늑장대처”일 뿐이라 이야기 하고 싶다. 그 러나 정부와 사업주, 그리고 안전분야 전문가들이 모여 선진국의 안전문화를 수렴하고 우리가 직면한 과제 해결을 위해 적극적으로 다가간다면 대한민국의 산업재해율 감소 와 개인보호구 사용 제도의 개정은 분명 달성할 수 있는 목표라 본다. 이에 따른 이번 연구의 목적 및 방향은 다음과 같다. 급변하는 글로벌 산업안전보건환경에 부응하기 위하여 정부는 적극적으로 선진국의 안전문화 수렴에 동참하여야 하며, 개인보호구 사용의 현 제도를 철폐해야 한다. “산업 안전보건법”에서는 사업주가 근로자에게 보호구 지급하는 것을 의무로 하고 있지만, 이와 반대로 근로자 스스로가 보호구를 지급하는 방안을 마련해야 한다. 그리고 정부 나 사업주는 이 행위에 대하여 근로자에게 적절한 보상안을 마련해주어야 할 것이다. 현재 대기업이나 중견기업은 개인보호구가 남아도는 실정이며, 과도한 안전관리비 책 정으로 인하여 국가적으로 큰 손실을 초래하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 이는 고용노동부가 추진하는 “건설업 산업안전관리비 계상 및 사용기준”의 오류를 명확히 인식하게 하고 개정을 시도해야 한다. 정부의 법과 제도들은 주로 대기업과 중견기업 등에 맞춰져 있 는 실정이고 나머지 소규모 영세사업장에는 법과 제도의 효력이 미치지 못하는 것이 안타까운 현실이다. 소규모 사업장의 근로자들도 기지개를 펴고 당당하게 일할 수 있 는 법과 제도를 마련하는 것이 풀어야 할 숙제이다.

The purposes of this study were to identify point makeup purchasing and using behavior according to the personal color awareness. Most women considered their favorite color first when purchasing lipsticks and skin color when purchasing cheek powder or foundation. They considered makeup concept first when applying lipsticks, eye shadows, and cheek powder but skin color applying foundations and manicures. Factors of personal color awareness were preferences & utilization awareness, other’s advice, and direct awareness, and were segmented into PC intermediate group, high PC group, and PC retard group. PC intermediate group were in the late 20’s and the early 30’s, average incomes with high education, and patronized discount stores for point makeups, used fashion color as a criterion when selecting lipsticks, foundations, and manicures, apparel color when applying eye shadows, skin color when applying cheek creams, and preferred imported lipsticks and manicures. High PC group were among unmarried women in the early 20’s, university students, high income households with medium level of pocket money, spent more for point makeup, and patronized department stores and internet shopping mall, used skin color or fashion color as criteria when selecting point makeup, referenced makeup concept when applying point makeup, preferred imported point makeup. PC retard group were among married women in the late 30’s with low education and low income, spent less for point makeup and pocket money, and selected domestic point makeup, used their favorite color as a criterion when selecting point makeups and apparel color when applying lipsticks and cheek creams.

The purposes of this study were to examine the slacks purchases and wearing satisfaction among old-aged women who were highly dissatisfied with their bodies and fit due to physical changes and to provide some basic data needed to develop slacks patterns to meet their needs. A survey was taken among 223 old-aged women aged 60～79 living in Seoul. Using the SPSS 12.0 program, the collected data were analyzed in descriptive statistics, t-test, and crosstab. The result were as follows: the most used place for them to shop slacks was a market(including the Dongdaemun and Namdaemun market), which was followed by a department store and a discount store in the order. As for their preference for slacks according to age, those who were in their sixties most preferred straight-line slacks, while those who were in their seventies semistraight-type slacks. As for fit for each body part according to age, there were significant differences only in crotch length. Those who were in their seventies were more dissatisfied with crotch length than those who were in their sixties, feeling that crotch length was short. As for their experiences of repair after purchasing a pair of slacks, 82.5% said they had such an experience. Most of the repairs with length, waist and slacks width involved in size reduction.

This study was to investigate purchase of women for commercial kimchi. Survey was carried out by questionnaire method that is target on 322 female over 20 age in Seoul area. The results of the study was that the way they get kimchi of women answered that they make it by themselves(63.3%). The reason of purchasing is they do not have enough time to make it at their home(43.8%) and its good taste(56.8%) result in their purchase. In the degree of preference about package material, prefer polyethylene(39.6%). Also respondents prefer purchasing poggi kimchi(63.4%) among other different types of kimchi. The promotion facts of purchasing commercial kimchi shows a high score in cold chain system package and specific kimchi development.

School contraced foodservice was introduced to school lunch program In 1999. The satisfaction with school contracted foodservice quality was low because of the restriction on equiping school foodservice facilities, facilities education by recipe related to the quantity food production and preliminary education of menu recipe of large quantity production. This study was designed to evaluate condition of existing major equipment on school contracted foodservice. A questionnaire was developed and malled to 150 dietitians in seoul. Response rates were 70%. The analysis on buying equipment were analyzed according to length of dietitian. Preliminary education of menu recipe and facilities education by recipe related to the quantity food production were analyzed acceding to length of dietitian. content analysis was conducted regarding to dietitians' ideas on school contracted foodservice.

본 연구는 한국에 거주하는 미국인 및 캐나다인의 식품구입 및 한국식당 이용실태를 조사한 결과 한국마켓에서의 식재료가 안전한지를 묻는 질문에 38%가 아니라고 응답하였고 77%가 음용수의 안전성을 확신한다고 대답하였으나 54%의 응답자는 수입된 물을 구입해서 마신다고 하였으며 한국음식을 상당히 좋아하고 한국음식점을 즐겨 찾는 것으로 나타났으며 한국음식의 단맛, 짠맛, spicy한 정도는 강하지 않다고 응답하였고 식당 종업원들의 위생관념에는 만족하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 대부분의 응답자가 한국마켓에서의 식재료의 안전도에 관해서는 신뢰하고 있었으나, 일부 응답자들은 본국에서 음용수 및 음식을 가져다 먹는다고 응답한 것으로 보아 식재료에 대한 더욱 철저한 위생관리가 필요하다고 여겨지며, 또한 한국음식점 이용에 대한 질문에서도 전반적으로 좋은 반응을 보였으나 종업원의 위생관념의 부족을 지적한 바, 음식점에서의 위생분야에 더욱 주의를 기울여야 할 것을 지적하고자 한다.

The consumers' purchase experiences of some imported agricultural products (rice, sesame, garlic, onion, jujube, red pepper, oak mushroom, apple, dried persimmon) and their consciousness for the labelling of the country of origin for agricultural products in Youngnam region were examined in this study. The sample consisted of 438 women who lived in Taegu, Pusan and other cities of Kyungpook and Kyungnam, and the self-administered questionnaire for the survey was used. The main reasons to purchase the imported agricultural products were the wide distribution and low price of them. Most of the consumers were concerned about safety of the imported agricultural products but only a few people experienced unsatisfaction of the products. The price, quality, package, container, label, and safety of the examined products were evaluated worse than those of the domestic products. Generally, although they suffered unsatisfaction, the consumers did not complain because they wanted to avoid troublesome work, which means the consumers did not assert their rights. Some people did not know the labelling system for the country of origin and the place to charge the market violating it. Therefore, it will be necessary for the consumers to receive education about the labelling system for the country of origin and the compensation criteria for consumers' grievances and damages. The current labelling method for the country of origin generally met the consumers' preference but the consumers wanted to improve the position and color of the label. Most consumers could not differentiate the imported products from the domestic products. The results obtained from the survey suggest consumer education for the labelling system for the country of origin and the compensation criteria should be activated through various ways such as mass media and consumer organizations.

The purpose of this study aims to estimate consumption selection attribute, partworth of organic instant rice through the use of conjoint analysis method. The conjoint analysis is to trace the development of consumer preference among multi-attribute alternatives. The selection attribute was including 4 factors preferred Type of rice, Capacity, Brand and payment price. For this research, a total of 192 questionnaires was collected of which 200 were completed. The research design was a full profile method by orthogonal design then 9 main profiles, 3 holdout sets were created. The results of this research were as follows. Consumers of organic instant rice are consider their importance of selection attributes was in order to price (25.87%), Type of rice (27.231%), Brand/Purchase channel (24.013%) and Capacity (18.494%). The findings of this study have identified 3 clusters for each experience visitors. Each cluster has a different and showed the relative importance or preference values for each accessible attribute of the segmentation.

In order to export Korean spray roses to the China, it is needed to analyse chinese preferences, rose attributes, and purchase intentions. The purpose of this study is to present the implications on the production and distribution of roses for export by analyzing the quality preference attributes and purchase intention of Korean rose for Chinese flower experts. A survey on the preference and purchase intention of Korean flower roses by Chinese flower experts was conducted through face - to - face interviews with flower show participants in China. Approximately 100 Chinese flower experts who participated in the Flower Show in 2016 received the questionnaire, and 86 survey results could be used for analysis. Survey data were analyzed using ordered probit and bivariate probit models. As a result of an analysis, it was found that Chinese flower experts were more likely to buy Korean roses than Chinese roses even if they consider flower color, leaf shape and size and color diversity. The probability of purchasing more than twice the price was higher than that of the color diversity considering the flower shape, leaf shape and size, but the bivariate order probit model was larger than that of flowers, leaves and size, and the order of probability size was changed. In order to increase the export of Korean spray roses to the Chinese market, We need to increase Chinese experts’ preferences and satisfaction. For this purpose, it is very important to develop export varieties of roses with large flower buds and shape / coloring, and to apply the useful post-harvest technology that can extend freshness and distribution period of export roses.

In this study, consumers who have experience of visiting Jeongsun Arirang Market has been selected as samples to understand the characteristics of agricultural products purchase. For this, double hurdle model was used in order to resolve sample selection problem and obtain consistent estimator. The key points are the following. First, as the age increases(up to 59.8 years), chances of purchasing the products at traditional market increase as income increases. Second, when the residence area is outside of Gangwon-province, the purchase amount of the products increased compared to those from visitors within the Gangwon province. Also, visitors who use public transportations purchase less products compared to those who use their own car. Third, probability of agricultural products increase as the visitors consider positive effect the product purchase leads to the local farmers. Fourth, if the visitors consider the quality of the agricultural products, probability of purchasing agricultural product at the site increases. However, if the visitors consider the freshness of the agricultural products, the purchase amount rather drops. Fifth, the probability of purchase increases as visitors consider the brand of traditional market.

This study probed into some characteristics of the urban household such as household income, number of the household, age distribution of the family members, their characteristics of shopping behavior such as the shopping place, types of the packaging and the characteristics of the time series, using consumer panel data of the Rural Development Administration (RDA). It further examined how the above factors affect fruit purchasing prices and then estimates the degree of the influence by each factor. The study looked at the purchase of apples, pears, tangerines, and oranges - the most favorite fruits in Korea. The results of this study can be utilized as the basic information for marketing strategies and/or for the establishment of future policy plans related to fruits consumption.

The objective of the study is to investigate factors affecting consumers’ purchase intention toward imported organic agricultural products. To accomplish the goal of the study a consumer survey was administered for randomly selected households residing in capital area. Results show that the more consumers trust a safety of domestic products and a certification system, the less they purchase the imported products. In addition, it is demonstrated that educated consumers are relatively less reluctant to imported organic agricultural products. Finally, an improvement of domestic certification system, decrease of price of environmentally friendly agricultural products, and aggressive promotion are required to enhance the competitiveness of the domestic environmentally friendly agricultural products.

본 연구는 실내식물의 시각적 이미지가 주는 심리적 효과와 식물에 대한 관심도와의 관계， 식불에 대한 관심도와 중요도가 충성도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 실시히였다. 9종의 실내 식물에 대한 14쌍의 이미지 감성형용사 어휘는 평가적인, 활동적인 그리고 정서적인 요인의 세 가지 주요인이 추출되었다. 추출된 세 가지 이미지 감성요인 중 활동적인 요인보디는 평가적인 요인이, 평가적인 요인보다는 정서적인 요인이 실내 식물의 관심도에 미치는 영향이 상대적으로 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 또한 대상자들의 실내식물을 키우는 것에 대한 관심도는 충성도에 매우 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으나(p<.05) ， 연간 구입 개수，구입 비용，실내 식물을 키우는 형태와 같은 행동적 요소는 경우에 따라 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 실내 식물에 대한 중요성의 인식에 있어서 실내식물에 대한 22항목의 중요도는 6가지 주요인이 추출되었다. 추출된 요인 종 삶의 질적 향상을 위한 "정서이완성”，“심미성”의 개념에 해당하는 항목들의 경우 다른 요인에 비해 충성도에 더 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 그러나 5가지 충성도의 항목 중 “실내 식물 구입에 더 많은 비용을 투자할 용의가 있다"는 항목은 다른 항목에 비해 충성도가 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 각 식물의 시각적 이미지가 주는 심리적 효과， 실내식물에 대한 관심도，그리고 중요성 인식은 거주자의 정서적 건강 증진과 실내 식물의 소비를 높이는 데 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 실내식물에 대한 충성도를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.