본 연구는 비만 여자대학생을 대상으로 8주간의 자가근막이완 운동이 신체조성, 혈관, 대사기능에 미치는 효과에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 비만 여자대학생 19명을 대상으로 포기자 1명을 제외하고자 가근막이완 운동집단(n=9)과 통제집단(n=9)으로 무선 배정하였다. 운동집단은 폼롤러를 이용하여 8주간 주 2회, 1회에 40분간 자가근막이완 운동을 실시하였고, 통제집단은 동일한 기간 동안 일상생활을 유지하 도록 하였다. 측정 변인으로 신체조성은 체중과 체지방률을 측정하였고, 혈관기능은 혈압, 심박수, 맥파전 파속도, 대동맥증폭지수, 상완동맥 혈관내피세포 의존성 이완능을 측정하였으며, 대사기능은 공복 혈당과 중성지방 수치를 측정하였다. 본 연구결과 폼롤러를 이용한 자가근막이완 운동 후 체중과 체지방률은 유의한 감소가 나타나지 않았다. 폼롤러를 이용한 자가근막이완 운동 후 심박수, 혈관내피세포의존성 이완능, 맥파전파속도는 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았으나, 상완동맥과 중심동맥 수축기 혈압이 유의하게 감소하였고(p<.01), 대동맥 증폭지수도 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 대사기능의 변인인 혈당과 중성지방은 유의한 감소가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 보면 비만 여자대학생에게 8주간의 자가근막이완 운동 은 신체조성 변인인 체중과 체지방률, 대사기능의 변인인 혈당과 중성지방에 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았 다. 그러나 혈관기능의 변인인 상완동맥과 중심동맥 수축기 혈압, 대동맥 증폭지수에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 8주간의 폼롤러를 이용한 자가근막이완 운동은 비만 여자대학생의 혈관기능을 개선시키는데 효과적인 운동방법이 될 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 알츠하이머(Alzheimer’s disease: AD) 형질전환 생쥐를 대상으로 저항성 운동 (resistance exercise: RE)이 해마의 베타 아밀로이드(β-amyloid: Aβ) 단백질 대사, 신경세포사멸 및 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. AD 비 형질전환 생쥐(non-transgenic: non-tg, n=14) 와 형질전환 생쥐(transgenic: Tg, n=14)를 무선 배정하여 비 형질전환 생쥐 대조군 (non-tg-control: NTC, n=7), 비 형질전환 생쥐 저항성 운동군(non-tg-RE: NTRE, n=7), 형질전환 대조군(tg-control: TC, n=7) 및 형질전환 저항성 운동군(tg-RE: TRE, n=7)으로 구분하였다. RE는 특수 제작한 사다리 저항성 운동 기구를 사용하여 점진적으로 set 수를 증가시켜 총 8주간 실시하였다. 운동 후 인지기능 능력을 평 가하기 위한 수중미로검사와 Aβ 단백질 대사, 신경세포사멸 지표 및 SIRT1/PGC-1α 단백질 발현 수준 을 확인하였다. 수중미로검사 결과 거리와 시간 모두 TC 집단에서 유의하게 증가 되었지만 RE를 실시한 TRE 집단에서 거리와 시간이 감소 되어 인지능력이 개선된 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, TC 집단에서 증가 된 Aβ 단백질 발현은 RE를 통해 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 신경세포사멸 관련 단백질인 Bcl-2/Bax ratio는 TC 집단에서 유의하게 감소되어 신경세포사멸이 증가 된 것으로 나타났지만 RE는 Bcl-2/Bax ratio을 증가시켜 신경세포사멸을 감소시킨 것으로 확인되었다. TC 집단에서 증가된 BACE1 및 ROCK1 과 감소된 ADAM10과 RARβ 단백질 발현은 RE를 통해 감소되거나 증가 된 것으로 나타났고, SIRT1/ PGC-1α 단백질 발현은 TC 집단에서 감소 되었지만 RE를 통해 증가 된 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 8주간 의 RE는 AD의 병리학적 특징인 Aβ 단백질 발현을 감소시키고 관련 생성 기전들을 조절하여 (SIRT1/PGC-1α 기전 활성, 아밀로이드 생성기전 억제, 비-아밀로이드 생성기전 활성) 신경세포사멸 억제시키고 결과적으로 인지기능을 개선 시킬 수 있는 효과적인 운동 방법이라고 생각된다.

This study was conducted to evaluate the functionality of fermented black garlic extracts under various conditions. Black garlic powder was prepared by aging for 0~72 hours at 80℃ depending on relative humidity (RH). It showed the highest antioxidant effects among the samples; the total antioxidant activity of black garlic powders at RH 75%, 84%, and 90% for 72 hours was increased 31.9 times, 28.2 times, and 22.6 times compared with that of the fresh garlic powder, respectively. Also, the alliin content was gradually decreased. S-ally-L-cysteine and S-ethyl-cysteine levels were increased; the highest values were 495.9 μg/g and 1,769.7 μg/g after aging for 72 hours at RH 75%. Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were increased following high fat diet feeding, but the rise was obviously reduced by administration of black garlic extract. The total cholesterol, LDL/VLDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride contents in serum were significantly lower in methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet treatment groups than in the positive control group. The concentration was increased following the intake of black garlic and fermented black garlic extracts. Therefore, black garlic extracts could be an ideal material as a dietary supplement in healthy functional foods to improve the effects on fatty liver.

This research was conducted to evaluate quality changes in traditional Doenjang and manufactured Doenjang during a storage period of 8 weeks. Low-salt Doenjang and commercial Doenjang were purchased from different manufacturers and proximate analysis as well as changes in isoflavone, polyphenol, flavonoid contents of the samples were investigated using a mass spectrophotometer. The salinity of traditional Doenjang, low salt Doenjang, and commercial Doenjang were 13.2±1.15, 7.17±2.74, 10.67±0.35%, respectively and the salt concentrations of the soybean pastes did not change during storage. After 8 weeks at 35℃, chromatic values of all the paste samples decreased somewhat, with traditional Doenjang exhibiting fewer changes as compared to manufactured Doenjang. Amino acid nitrogen, acidity, microbial population all tended to increase with time, although some samples showed fluctuations during the test period. Moreover, the total isoflavone contents of traditional Doenjang increased with storage time while that of manufactured Doenjang tended to decrease. The isoflavone aglycone was shown to be the highest in traditional Doenjang, while isoflavone glycoside was abundant in manufactured Doenjang. Total flavonoid contents showed similar trends regardless of samples; initial contents of total flavonoid was 0.6 mg/g which increased to more than twice to 1.4 mg/g at the end of storage period. Composition profile of Doenjang extracts was analyzed using UPLC-Q-ToF

Essentiality was proposed in the field of lipid by Burr and Burr in 1929. When rats were raised on the fat-free diet, their growth retarded and their skin and tails showed the characteristic deficient symptoms, which were relieved by the addition of Ω6(n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids as linoleic(LA) and arachidonic(AA) acids to the basal diet. LA is dehydrogenated to γ-linolenic acid(GLNA) by δ6 desaturase, then GLNA is 2 carbon chain elongated by elongase to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid(DGLNA), which is desaturated by δ5 desaturase to AA. These acids are called LA family or Ω6(n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA). α-Linolenic acid(ALNA) is converted through the series of desaturation and elongation steps to docosahexaenic acid(DHA) via eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA). These acids belong to ALNA family or Ω3(n-3)PUFA. Human who consume large amounts of EPA and DHA, which are present in fatty fish and fish oils, have increased levels of these two fatty acids in their plasma and tissue lipids at the expense of LA and AA. Alternately, vegetarians, whose intake of LA in high, have more elevated levels of LA and AA and lower levels of EPA and DHA in plasma lipids and in cell membranes than omnivores. AA and EPA are metabolized to substances called eicosanoids. Those derived form AA are known as prostanocids(prostaglandins and prostacyclins) of the 2-types and leukotrienes of the 4-series, whereas those derived from EPA are known as prostanoids of the 3-types and leukotrienes of the 5-series. DGLNA is a precursor of the 1-types of prostaglandins. The metabolites of AA and EPA have competitive functions. Ingestion of EPA from fish or fish oil replaces AA from membrane phospholipids in practically all cells. So this leads to a more physiological state characterized by the production of proatanoids and leukotrienes that have antithrombic, antichemotactic, antivasoconstrictive and antiinflammatory properties. It is evident that Ω3 fatty acids can affect a number of chronic diseases through eicosanoids alone.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of 5% turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the blood glucose and lipid metabolism function of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg body weight)-induced diabetic rats. Seven-week-old male rats were divided into four groups (n=6), and fed experimental diets containing turmeric meal [basal diet+5% turmeric (BT), basal diet+STZ+5% turmeric (ST)], and control (BD), BS groups (basal diet+STZ). The results of this study, turmeric diet groups (BT, ST) in lipid component as evidenced from the significantly reduction of serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), atherosclerotic index (AI), cardiac risk factor (CRF), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, uric acid, blood glucose, non esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and elevation of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol). The serum albumin and globulin contents were increased in turmeric supplementation diet than STZ-induced diabetic rats (p<0.05). Concentrations of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) in sera were lower in the turmeric diet than diabetic group. Total calcium (T-Ca), phosphorus (Pi) and potassium (K) concentrations in sera were higher in the BT, ST and BD groups than BS group. In vivo experiments with Sprague-Dawley rats showed that ingestion of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were effective in the blood glucose and lipid metabolism functional improvement.

During the last few years, considerable progresses have been made in understanding of roles and biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (AsA) in plants. The concentrations of ascorbic acid is 2-4 mM in leaf cells, but much higher at the chloroplast. There are three forms of ascorbic acid in the plant mainly ascorbic acid (AsA), monode­hydroascorbic acid (MDHA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). AsA in plant cell performs antioxidants by changing those three forms. And AsA promotes cell division and elongation There was new pathway of ascorbic acid metabolism. It is called pathway of Smirnoff-Wheeler. This report will provide understanding of AsA in plants, and also provide