마을 만들기는 주민이 자발적으로 문제를 해결해 나가는 과정을 통해, 공감대가 형성되어 나간다는 점에서 주민자치가 실현되는 공간이고 주민 공론의 장이자 생활의 질 개선과 공공성과 공동체의식의 회복과 확장을 위한 사회학적 상상력이 요구되는 공동체 사업이다. 한국사회는 급 발전 산업화와 새로운 자유주의 세계화에 따라 1인 가구 증가와 핵가족화, 공동주택의 거주와 잦은 이주에 따라 개인주의가 팽배해지고 개인의 관계도 소월해지고 그로 인해 마을주민들 간의 상호교류 및 소통이 끊어지고 차단된 고독한 시대를 살아가고 있으며, 모두의 관심사와 유대감을 상실하여 전통적 마을공동체가 붕괴하고 있다. 이러한 시대흐름 속에서 마을공동체 만들기에 대한 성찰적 활용이 다양한 시민단체와 광역 및 기초 자치단체에서 주민과 정부가 협력하여 마을공동체 만들기가 적극적으로 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 마을공동체 만들기에 대한 관련 문헌을 분석하고 실제사례를 정리한 후 이에 따른 효과를 주민만족도와 시민의식을 선정하고 지속적 가능한 주민참여 마을 만들기에 대한 문제점과 개선방안을 모색하는 것이 본 연구의 주된 목적이다.

After it was reorganized as the rural center revitalization project recently, there is an opinion that the nature of the project was changed to solve long-time aspired projects of some districts unlike various projects according to the previous project purposes. Therefore, this study analyzes the current status of revitalization project plans and operation monitoring to make rural center villages, establishes plans that can be applied to the rural center village revitalization project and suggests the improvement plans for monitoring. With the necessity of connectivity with centrality analysis for long-term and sustainable growth of the rural center revitalization project, the analysis on the 8 districts' centrality analysis and the function of the master plan were compared and analyzed, but there is not enough interrelation. Regarding the consulting methods for weak districts to activate facility operation after the project is implemented, the field consulting performed by the collaboration of Gyeongsangnam-do government, Gyeongnam Rural Revitalization Support Center and Gyeongnam branch of Korea Rural Community Corporation shows 87.6% of satisfaction level, which indicates it is the most effective. Based on the above results, it is necessary to reinforce the methods on resident demand survey, dimension and the reflection process of the project when preliminary plans are established for effective implementation of the rural center village revitalization project. It is also necessary to revise relevant standards not to change preliminary plans excessively during the master plan establishment process, and to oblige preliminary investigation of experts. The joint monitoring and consulting systems of experts and local governments should be applied from the establishment stage of the master plan, so that it can be sustainable rural center village revitalization project.

Community gardens provide the community with a green area for its residents to enjoy and socially interact with other gardeners. The expected benefits of participating in a community garden, aside from greater access to fresh produce, include increased mental health as well as improved general well-being stemming from increased exercise and socialization. The following is the research result conducted to provide a basic data for the construction of a community garden in a village. Once a community garden is put in place, the residents would intend to utilize it for their rest, stroll, exercise and appreciation. The number of respondents who would use a garden more than once a week turned out to be high, the reason behind which is construed as their willingness to utilize the garden as a place where they could relatively spend more leisure time later on given that the higher the respondents’ age became, the more often they would use the garden. Furthermore, as weekday afternoons’ or weekend afternoons’ participation has been high, it would be desirable if the garden revitalization or a community programs were conducted in line with this timeframe. The efficiency of the community garden would be enhanced when it is located within one kilometer where a person can walk in about 20 minutes. It is anticipated that once the community garden is built, it would be utilized as local residents’ hobby place and that it could serve as urban green space conducive to improving the landscape of a village, and overall, there are high expectations relating to this. As living infrastructure, the community garden can be utilized not just as a space for local residents’ leisure activities and rest areas but for their interactions. Thus, it is estimated that instead of applying a cookie-cutter garden design to all communities, a formulation of a garden needs to be made in a way that designs the space reflective of the characteristics of a community and that introduces needed facilities.

As rural development projects, mostly carried out in a top-down development method in the past came to take a bottom-up development method in earnest, entering the 2000s, resident participation became an essential element of a rural community design project, to the extent that it can influence the success or failure of a rural community design project. It is taken for granted that rural residents independently participate in community design projects, but as they are accustomed to various subsidy projects carried out by the government and become increasingly aging, it is not easy to induce their spontaneous participation in farming areas with such problems. Especially, to prevent the distrust between administrative agencies and residents from serving as an obstacle in the residents' spontaneous participation, it is necessary to construct horizontal governance among the village residents, administrative agencies and the group of experts supporting for the project. This study attempted to verify the mediating effect of governance in the relationship between resident participation and the performance of the rural community design project based on this problem recognition, and for this purpose, the results of a survey with residents in Utturu Village, Hangyeong-myeon, Jeju-si, which was completed by carrying out a comprehensive rural development project, the typical bottom-up community design project was used for an empirical analysis. The results of the study can provide implications for setting directions, establishing strategies and constructing governance of rural community design projects in the future, and especially, it can be said that this study has academic significance in that governance is recognized as an important variable related to the project performance.

최근 자연재해에 따른 도시내 피해규모가 증가하고 있는 상황에서, 기후변화 및 자연재해 등에 대응하는 회복탄력성 있는 마을(resilient community)에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 회복탄력성 개념과 기존의 마을만들기와 관련된 이론과 실질적 노력을 관련문헌과 마을만들기 사례 등을 통해 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 본 연구에서는 미래의 회복탄력성 있는 마을 만들기 위해 회복탄력성 있는 커뮤니티 계획개념(Resilient Community Planning Framework 또는 RCPF)을 제안하였다. RCPF는 복잡성과 다양성 그리고 미래의 불확실성을 마을만들기계획에 고려해야 한다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 이것은 경제적, 사회적, 환경적, 물리적 요소 그리고 계획과정에서의 다양한 주체의 참여에 영향을 받는다는 것으로 나타났다. 회복탄력성있는 마을만들기를 위해서는 RCPF를 구성하고 있는 주요소에 대한 종합적인 이해와 더불어 이러한 요소들이 상호연결되어 있음을 인지하고 마을만들기를 해야 한다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

This study has analyzed overseas projects of building rural communities using vacant houses. It is aimed at identifying the roles of NPO in the community-building projects and providing implications applicable to Korea. In recent years, there has been a spike in the number of vacant houses in rural areas. It is due to rapid urbanization and uneven distribution of the population across the country. Those are the reasons that prompted community-building projects. To solve the vacant house issue, there has been rising interest in building communities through vacant houses as rural resources and effectively integrating them as useful resources. However, the roles of key entity that pursues community-building projects using vacant houses have not been discussed sufficiently. Thus, this study deals with the 'Vacant House Recreation Project of NPO Corporation in Onomichi' in Hiroshima, Japan. Through the case study, the following are introduced as NPO's roles in community-building projects using vacant houses. First, pursuing promotion and attracting attention by making the utilization of vacant houses sensational; system improvement; offering information. Second, enhancing the perception of local residents by offering local services using vacant houses; offering community-building items. Third, forming a place of public discussion to solve conflicts during community-building projects using vacant houses; offering alternatives to building communities. Above all, such roles have led to the key status of NPO during its community-building projects using vacant houses. It offers the following implication for Korea: Future vacant house-related policies for rural revitalization should be done from community-building standpoint and include establishing the roles of NPO.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the rural community planning focusing on the stepwise empowerment system in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do province. This paper also tries to examine how this system affect the awareness for community planning and empowerment of the residents. The satisfaction of the people who join this program were also investigated. The subjects of the research were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of the people who join the system from the first stage, and group B consisted of the people who joined the fourth stage directly. The differences of the recognition, capability changes and satisfaction between two groups were compared and analyzed by questionnaires. The results of this research can be summarized as follows. The first, group A recognized the community planning system in Jinan-gun more positively than group B. They thought that it's very useful and beneficial for their community and this system should be continued further. The second, group A considered that they achieved bigger advancement in community design capabilities in terms of personal, relational and social aspects than group B. In addition, group A also showed higher satisfaction for rural community planning than group B. Based on the results, alternatives for rural community planning were drawn as follows. The first, considering that group A showed more positive responses, starting from the first stage is more stable way to succeed in rural community planning. Which means the critical condition of community design is not the community business but the improving the public awareness and community mind. The second, it's considered that the number of participation is proportional to the advancement of capability in community project, so improving residents' opportunity to participation in community design might be effective. The third, community leader is another critical condition. It is needed to pay more attention to the education for the rural community leader with good experience and capability of community affairs.

세계가 단일 공동체화 되어가는 과정에서 경쟁 단위로서의 국가 개념보다는 지역을 중심으로 한 글로컬리즘(glocalism)경쟁이 심화되고 있으며, 이러한 지역 간의 경쟁은 다양한 마케팅을 통해서 차별화된 지역만의 이미지를 만들고 있으며 그 배경에 공공디자인이 있다고 할 수 있다. 마을공동화 현상이 심화되는 지역의 재생, 다양한 계층과 문화가 복합적으로 교류하는 지속가능한 공간을 만들어 사회적 문제를 해결하고, 삶의 환경을 구성하는 다양한 공공시설물, 지역경제 활성화와 활기찬 이미지의 창출을 통한 마을 경쟁력 강화의 방안으로 그 지역의 정체성을 반영한 공공디자인 역할에 대한 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 이러한 지역의 정체성을 공공디자인을 통해 지속가능한 마을 만들기에 적극 활용함으로서 새로운 이미지 창출, 즉 다른 지역들과 차별화되는 그 마을만의 조형과 정신, 지역 활성화로 모든 사람들에게 공감을 얻을 수 있다. 지속가능한 마을 만들기는 공공디자인을 통해 지역공동체 활성화로 마을이 살아나고 정주민의 삶의 질이 향상되는 가장 중요한 목적을 갖고 있으며, 마을의 공공공간과 주민의 유기적인 관계 속에서 세심하게 실행되어야 하며, 가장 중요한 것은 그 지역의 정체성이 반영되어 정주민의 삶과 함께 하는 디자인이 되어야 한다.

The aim of the research was to analyze programs, outcomes, promotion process, and operation methods of neighbourhood making to provide basic information for progressive improvement directions in the future. Buk-gu in Gwanju city, samdeok-dong in Daegu city and dongpirang in Tongyeong city were selected for a comparative analysis. The main bodies of neighbourhood making for promoting a local amenity were analysed for this research. The results indicated that a voluntary and continuous participation of residents was expected in the case of neighbourhood making led by the residents. However, a steady budget support from the outside was necessary for the continuous management and improvement of neighbourhood organization. For this, a voluntary agreement was required through the consultative group and committee formation. The member of civil organization has a limitation in the ability to develop and maintain continuos activities in the case of neighbourhood making led by a civil organization. This research found that operation methods including the constant checking, the search for new ideas through assessment of the resident's participation, local festivals for a community formation and real satisfactions of residents' desires were needed in the neighbourhood making led by a civil organization. A participation rate in neighbourhood making was low in the case of neighbourhood making led by administrative bodies. This result indicated that the long-term strategics for space renewal and community revitalization were important. Various easy ways of residents' participation to reflect their interests and operation systems were also needed. Finally, current local issues, active residents' participation and residents' opinions would be included in the process of neighbour making in the future.

Community building has been carried out from around the year 2000 by various statutes and government policies in Korea. This study suggested direction of the future for rural community building as surveyed cases of completed four villages in Gurye-county. In order to achieve this study's objectives, investigated previous studies and interviewed 75 person's residents in cases villagers. The target villages are Sangsa, Omi, Chamsaimigol and Artists village. As survey results, four villages utilized local resources, most of villages were focused perform hardware. On the other hand, Chamsaimigol was parallel software. In addition, communities didn't form and not agree with concept of community building as culture, education, welfare, etc., also didn't creation the case of village income. but active village as base development. Therefor, proposed the point to education, culture and welfare, base development and generating of income as directions for future rural community building. These directions are consistent with the concept of community building and the goal that improve the quality of life of residents ultimately through community building.