This study analyzed patent trends for technologies that convert horticultural crop residues into mushroom substrates and developed mycelium-based utilization technologies. Environmental pollution caused by disposable plastics and Styrofoam has increased. Therefore, the demand for innovative and eco-friendly solutions has substantially increased. Agricultural residues such as fruit pruning residues and citrus waste provide economically and environmentally viable alternatives to imported raw materials because of their rich cellulose and lignin contents. Recent studies have shown that substrates containing these residues can produce mushrooms of equivalent quality as conventional sawdust-based media, thereby reducing production costs and improving resource independence. In addition, mushroom mycelia have been developed as sustainable materials for non-animal leather, packaging, building, and insulation. A patent analysis of ECOVATIVE confirmed important innovations in processing, material mixing, and product applications. The results provide the foundation for building an integrated system for utilizing horticultural residue resources with mycelium-based materials, as well as offers strategic insights and future directions for the research and development of sustainable industrial materials. The results also demonstrate the potential of agricultural byproducts to reduce dependence on imported substrates, lower cultivation costs, and mitigate environmental impacts, ultimately contributing to a circular economy for the development of sustainable materials.

Laetiporus sulphureus, commonly known as ”chicken of the woods”, due to its chicken-like flavor, texture, and aroma, is a species of mushroom with high potential as an alternative to meat, given its reported protein content of 11% to 21%. This study was conducted to determine the optimal substrate composition for efficient mycelial production of L. sulphureus for use as an alternative to meat. Two types of sawdust, Populus deltoides and Quercus acutissima, and eight nutrient sources were applied in single and mixed compositions. Analysis of mycelial growth revealed that the media containing P. deltodies and Q. acutissima, only supplemented with beet pulp, had the highest mycelial extension, of 106.7 mm and 101.3 mm, respectively. In addition, protein content analysis revealed that the combinations with the highest protein content in mycelia were cultivated on P. deltodies sawdust supplemented with a mixture of beet pulp and corn (21.3%), and on Q. acutissima sawdust supplemented with cottonseed hull (22.0%). The optimal substrate compositions identified in this study will serve as fundamental data for the large-scale production of L. sulphureus mycelia as an alternative to meat.

배추는 한국에서 연중 소비되는 김치의 주 원료이며, 노지에서 주로 재배되고 있다. 온실 재배 수경재배 시 스템은 기후 변화에 영향을 받지 않고 토양을 대신한 배지를 사용함으로써 토양 병원균으로부터 작물을 보호할 수 있어 재배 안정성을 확보할 수 있다. 수경재배용 배지 중 일부는 재사용이 가능하고, 이러한 배지의 조성은 작물 생 장과 품질에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구는 재사용 코이어 배지 또는 인공배지를 첨가한 배지 조성에 칼슘 공급원을 처리하여 배추(Brassica rapa ‘Bulam Plus’)를 수경재배 했을 때 배액과 생육에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 10주동 안 수행하였다. 배지 조성은 재사용 코이어: 피트모스: 펄라이트 비율(v/v/v)을 각각10:0:0, 7:2:1, 5:3:2의 세 처리 와 각 처리에 칼슘 공급원인 CaSO4(G)와 CaO(Q)를 200g/m2 혼합한 총6가지 처리(G10:0:0, G7:2:1, G5:3:2, Q10:0:0, Q7:2:1, Q5:3:2)하였다. 배액량, 배액의 pH와 EC, 생육, 잎끝마름(Tipburn)발생을 조사하였다. 배추 생육이 증가함에 따라 모든 처리에서 배액률은 감소하였고, 처리 9주째는 20% 미만으로 감소하였다. 배액의 EC는 G 처리가 Q 처리 보다 높았으나 배액의 pH는 Q 처리가 높았다. 처리 10주째 배추의 초장, 엽수, 엽폭은 처리 간 유의성이 없었다. 엽 록소함량값(SPAD)은 G7:2:1과 G5:3:2처리에서 높게 나타났다. 잎의 당도와 건물중은 Q5:3:2처리에서 높았으며, 건물 중이 관찰되었다. 배추의 잎끝마름 발생은 처리 25일째 관찰되었으며, G7:2:1처리에서 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 CaO가 첨가되고 재사용 코이어 50% 함유된 Q5:3:2처리에서 수경 재배된 배추 생육이 양호하였다. 본 연 구는 간이 시설을 적용된 수경재배 시스템에서의 안정적 배추 재배를 위해 재사용 코이어 배지와 칼슘 공급원에 관 한 기본 정보를 제공하고자 하였다.

This study was conducted to confirm whether domestic fruit tree pruning residues can replace sawdust, which is the main ingredient of mushroom medium. The five types of fruit tree pruning residues collected were from apples, pears, peaches, grapes, and citrus. The basic components of these residues were analyzed. The pH ranged from 5.2 to 7.0, the Total carbon(T-C) ranged from 46.0% to 47.2%, the Total nitrogen(T-N) ranged from 0.5% to 0.9%, and the moisture content ranged from 12.4% to 14.2%, which was identified as an appropriate range for growing mushrooms. In order to confirm the possibility of mycelial growth of oyster mushroom "Suhan", column tests were conducted based on the conventional medium(poplar sawdust 49.5: cotton seed hull 27.3: beet pulp 12.7: cotton seed meal 10.5, v/v). As a result of incubation at 25°C for 28 days, grape branches showed the fastest growth at 143 mm compared to the control, which showed 135 mm. The yield per bottle was comparable, with grape branches(134g/bottle) and control(139g/bottle). Additionally, the quality of the fruiting bodies was comparable across all Processed lots. It means grape branches can be used as alternative sawdust materal. In the future, it is expected that using by-products as substitutes for carbon sources and main ingredients will help reduce farm production costs and protect the environment.

The Grifola frondosa cultivar KMCC03118 was used to isolate monokaryotic strains via spore separation, resulting in the successful crossbreeding of strains KMCC03118-11 and KMCC03118-23, which produced F1 hybrids. These F1 hybrids were then further crossed with various monokaryotic strains to generate F2 progeny. In evaluating the effects of different medium compositions on fruit body development, it was found that a substrate consisting of wheat bran and dried sawdust, with a carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 66-68, provided the most favorable conditions for mycelial growth. Among the strains tested, KMCC03137 and GF-18-50 demonstrated superior characteristics, including a larger fruit body diameter, thicker pileus, and greater stipe thickness, with the highest productivity observed at 143.6 ± 13.3 g and 144.7 ± 15.2 g, respectively. Furthermore, the color of the caps (L: 29.7 ± 7.1, a: 2.6 ± 0.7, b: 8.2 ± 1.8) remained consistent, indicating stable high-quality production. Based on these results, the optimal substrate composition for enhancing both the quality and productivity of the fruit bodies was determined to be 42% Quercus sp. sawdust, 42% Quercus sp. fermented sawdust, 6% wheat bran, and 10% dried tofu residue. This study provides a crucial foundation for the commercial cultivation and breeding improvement of Grifola frondosa, offering valuable insights into its genetic enhancement, and providing essential data for future research aimed at increasing the species' genetic diversity and productivity.

본 연구는 국내 유통 후 분화 칼랑코에 Kalanchoe blossfeldiana ‘Queen Bell’의 배지 수분함량에 따른 분화품질 및 수명 차이를 분석하고자 수행되었다. 출하 후 배지 내 수분함량(Substrate moisture content, %)은 매주 관수를 통해 고습(≥90%), 중습 (40~55%), 저습(10~30%) 3수준으로 처리하였다. 분화수명은 저습처리가 고습과 중습처리보다 36.8~42.3% 단축시켰다. 분 화수명 종료증상 중 잎의 황화증상은 저습처리에서 100% 나타 났다. 분화의 초장은 출하 후 분화수명 종료시점인 4주차에는 차이가 없었으나, 식물폭은 저습 처리가 고습과 중습 처리보다 13.4~15.4% 낮았다. 전체 꽃눈수와 개화된 꽃수는 1주차에는 처리간 차이가 없었으나, 4주차에 저습 처리에서 고습과 중습 처리구보다 낮았다. 개화율(Flowering rate)은 모든 처리구에 서 시간 경과에 따라 증가하였으나, 저습처리의 출하 대비 개화 율(Flwering compared to shipment)은 3주 이후부터 가장 낮았다. 5주차의 지상부의 생체중 및 건물중은 처리간 차이가 없었다. 반면 지하부의 생체중 및 건물중은 저습 처리가 고습과 중습 처리보다 모두 낮았다. 출하 후 4주차의 잎의 엽록소함량, Fv/Fm, 기공크기변화율은 처리간 차이가 없었다. 이때, 꽃잎과 잎의 온도는 고습처리에서 중습처리보다 낮았고, 저습처리에서 중습처리보다 높았다. 결론적으로 분화 칼랑코에의 출하 후 배 지 내 저습(10~30%)처리는 고습(≥90%)과 중습(40~55%)처리에 비해 분화수명을 단축시켰고, 잎의 황화현상을 증가시켰다. 특히 저습처리는 분화수명 종료 시점에 식물 폭, 전체 꽃눈수, 개화된 꽃수, 출하 대비 개화율, 지하부의 생제중 및 건물중을 감소시켰고, 꽃잎과 잎의 온도를 증가시켰다.

With medical use of hemp, many medicinal cultivars were bred worldwide. Propagating cultivar using seed has a high cost. On the other hand, vegetatively propagating cultivar has various merits including short breeding period and uniformity. This study aimed to determine optimal conditions for propagating hemp after cutting, including sterilizing of rooting media, rooting hormone, and mixing ratio of growing media and sand of rooting media. Korean landrace strain of hemp plant was grown in Wagner pot (size: 1/2,000 a) for 60 days. Its branches were cut to 70∼80 mm in length and used for cutting slips. The rooting medium, a horticultural nursery medium, was autoclaved for 3 hours at 120 ℃. The mixing ratio of sand and nursery media was 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, or 3:7 in weight. Cutting slips were coated with rooting hormone (1-naphthylacetamide 0.4%) just before planting. Cutting materials were planted in a tray pot of 72 cells and grown in a walk-in-chamber for 28 days with a temperature of 25 ℃ and an intensity of radiation of 800 μmol/㎡/sec. Seedling rates were 61.1%, 77.8%, and 63.0% for mixing ratios of 1:9, 3:7, and 5:5 of sand mixed with horticultural nursery medium. These seedling rates were significantly higher than a seedling rate of 31.5 % for a mixing ratio of 7:3. Root lengths were 97 mm, 91 mm, and 81 mm for mixing ratios of 1:9, 3:7, and 5:5 of sand mixed with horticultural nursery medium. These root lengths were significantly longer than a root length of 37 mm for a mixing ratio of 7:3. Rooting rates were 81.1 % and 91.2 % for slips coated with rooting hormone and sterilized rooting media, respectively. They were 40.0 % and 18.3 % for slips not coated with rooting hormone or sterilized rooting media, respectively. Thus, for vegetative propagating (cutting) of medicinal hemp, sterilizing of rooting media and coating slips with rooting hormone will be essential to conducting the propagation process.

In this study, we investigated the microbial community of oyster mushrooms at different growth stages at the species level. Gram-positive bacteria were predominant in the presterilized medium. On the other hand, Gram-negative bacteria were predominant in the culture-completed medium, post-harvest medium, and fruiting bodies. In addition, Pseudomonas tolaasii, which is known to cause disease in mushrooms, was confirmed in the cultured medium, post-harvest medium, and fruiting bodies, and it was determined that the mycelium culture stage was contaminated, and the reason why no disease occurred was Sphingobacterium psychroaquaticum. It was confirmed that this was because the growth of Pseudomonas tolaasii was suppressed by producing a component called tolacin. As a result of confirming the diversity of microorganisms, it was confirmed that the presterilization medium contains a variety of microorganisms compared to other growth stages, and the diversity decreases in the order of culture completion medium, fruiting body, and post-harvest medium. showed a trend. As a result of microbial similarity analysis, it was confirmed that the cultured medium and the post-harvest medium showed similar microbial communities, and in the case of fruiting bodies, there were some similarities but overall differences.

This study analyzed the effects of different nitrogen sources in substrate composition on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus, as well as the subsequent changes in flavor and antioxidant activity. The T2, composed of poplar sawdust, beet pulp, cotton seed dregs, and cotton seed coat in a ratio of 40:20:20:20, exhibited the highest yield at 156.6 g. The total polyphenol content and ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were 8.25 mg GAE/g, 70%, and 49%, respectively, showing higher radical scavenging activity compared to the Control and T1. Additionally, varying nitrogen content resulted in distinct aroma patterns and is presumed to influence taste profiles such as sourness, umami, and saltiness.