This study aimed to identify the selectivity of catches according to mesh size of gillnets, and to collect basic data for fisheries resource management plans for gillnets. The mesh selectivity test was conducted with five different mesh sizes (60, 66, 69, 75, and 96 mm) gillnet in coastal sea of Mukho port and the selectivity was analyzed using the Kitahara method. In results of the selectivity test, a total of 143 (36,249 g) of atka mackerel were caught and the 60 mm gillnet was the highest at 83 (18,596 g), which is about 58.0% of the total catch. The relative growth equation between body length and weight showed that weight tends to increase proportional to body length. The maximum length/mesh size value was showed 0.490 by the master curve of selectivity, and the 50% selection range was showed 0.138. Therefore, it was found that the size of the caught fish increased proportional to the mesh size. The results of this study were intended to be used as data for establishing a plan for efficient management of atka mackerel resources.

The objective of this study was to categorize consumers' food-related lifestyles into various types and discern the differences in consumer preferences for locally sourced ingredients in Home Meal Replacement (HMR) based on food-related lifestyles. The online survey was conducted from December, 2020, involving 474 adults who registered with Macro Mill Embrain. Statistical analyses, including frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, K-means cluster analysis, and one-way ANOVA were applied to the collected data. The findings revealed the ‘convenience-seeking group,’ the 'high interest in food-related lifestyle group,' and the ‘health and taste-seeking group.’ The ‘convenience-seeking group’ showed a high proportion of respondents (65%) didn’t check the origin, whereas the ’high interest in food-related lifestyle group’ (57.5%) and the ‘health and taste-seeking group’ (66.7) had higher proportions of respondents who checked the origin. Regarding the reasons for preferring locally sourced HMR, all three clusters emphasized safety, hygiene, and fresh ingredients as the most critical factors. This study represented the first exploration into consumer preferences for HMR using locally sourced ingredients, segmented by their food-related lifestyles. The findings provided valuable foundational information for the development of HMR using locally sourced ingredients and could be applied to decisions in the food industry and related policy-making.

In this paper, the commercial anion exchange resin (IRA900) was used to investigate the adsorption properties, comparing the anion selectivity of phosphate and sulfate in water. The phosphate removal efficiency was 29.6% less than sulfate in single condition, and significantly decreased from 44.8% to 3.47 in mixed conditions while sulfate removal efficiency remained unchanged, confirming a higher selectivity for sulfate over phosphate. In the pH effect, phosphate removal efficiency increased with increase of pH due to the increased HPO4 2- species. The total removal efficiency of phosphate and sulfate was obtained approximately 62% in mixed condition, regardless of solution pH, indicating that the total anion exchange capacity was not influenced in the pH. The values of qmL and bL derived from Langmuir isotherm equation were 11.5 and 8.10 times higher for sulfate than for phosphate in mixed conditions. In single condition, sulfate and phosphate reached to equilibrium at 6 and 3 h, respectively. In mixed condition, phosphate was desorbed by the sulfate after 1h and the time to equilibrium for sulfate was retarded to 6h. Furthermore, when comparing the separation factor (αP/S), increasing the initial concentration led to higher selectivity of phosphate.

This study aimed to investigate the catch selectivity characteristics related to the mesh arrangement of the codend in bottom trawl. Sea trials were conducted using the covered codend method from January 16 to 17, 2024, off the southern coast of Gyeongsangnam-do, focusing on the side panels of diamond and square mesh codend. A probit model was used in the selectivity analysis to estimate retention probability curves for sea pike comparing the  , , and  selectivity lengths, the selection range ( ), and the corresponding  and  values. The estimated 50% selection lengths were 23.82 cm for the diamond mesh and 25.20 cm for the square mesh whereas the corresponding selection ranges were 5.23 cm for the diamond mesh and 3.71 cm for the square mesh. The  and  values for the square mesh were lower, at 35.91 and 36.71, respectively, compared to 37.65 and 38.45 for the diamond mesh. Additionally, the retention probability at a fork length of 15 cm was lower for the square mesh than for the diamond mesh. These findings provide practical insights for gear design while contributing to the reduction of bycatch and small size fish catches in bottom trawl.

This study analyzed the selectivity of Octopus minor using the extended SELECT model in netpots. The data used for the analysis were collected from ten sea trials conducted between 2009 and 2010 using cylindrical octopus traps with six mesh sizes (16, 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 mm). The selectivity analysis was performed using two models: the p-fixed split model and the p-estimated split model, depending on whether the encounter probability (split parameter) was estimated. The model fit was evaluated by comparing the model deviation and AIC values. The results showed that octopus catch decreased as mesh size increased, with a general tendency for larger individuals to be caught. The 16 mm trap, which had the smallest mesh size, accounted for 25.9% of the total octopus catch by number of individuals while the 22 mm trap, a commercial mesh size, accounted for 14.1%. The CPUE based on weight was highest for the 18 mm trap. The selectivity analysis results indicated that the p-estimated split model provided the best fit, and the 50% selection length for the 22 mm trap was 64.57 mm. In this study, reliability of various models was considered in the mesh selectivity analysis, and the findings are intended to serve as basic data for improving relevant regulations and deriving scientific research results.

This study aimed to identify consumer demands and propose improvement measures for restaurants by conducting an importance-satisfaction analysis of the attributes that influence dining consumers’ restaurant selection. The key findings are as follows: An analysis of consumer hygiene behavior revealed that participants were particularly vigilant about washing food ingredients, checking expiration dates, and maintaining personal hygiene before meals. Notably, women exhibited significantly higher hygiene behaviors than men in 9 out of 12 items. The importance analysis of restaurant selection attributes indicated that “food cleanliness” and “food taste” were prioritized, with women assigning higher importance to almost all attributes, particularly emphasizing restaurant cleanliness and food taste. The satisfaction analysis showed that “food taste” and “food cleanliness” were the most satisfying attributes, with significant gender differences observed in 4 out of 26 items. The importance-satisfaction analysis demonstrated that satisfaction levels were consistently lower than importance levels across all 26 attributes. The ISA analysis identified that items in the second quadrant, such as restroom cleanliness, reasonable price, and the provision of food safety information, were in the most urgent need of improvement. Overall, the study highlights that consumers place a high level of importance on hygiene and cleanliness in restaurants, reflecting a market with increasingly stringent hygiene standards.

This study aimed to understand the needs of consumers in the meal kit market and determine the impact of meal kit selection attributes according to the consumption behavior of single-person households on purchase decisions and satisfaction. A summary of the results of this study is as follows: First, the most frequent purchase frequency of meal kits was 2 to 3 times a month. The reason for purchase was that it was easy to consume, and the most common purpose of purchase was for consumption. Second, four factors, including health, convenience, taste, and economics, were derived as a result of a factor analysis of meal kit selection attributes. The difference in meal kit selection attributes according to age groups revealed that those in their 20s had high scores with respect to health and taste factors, and economic factors appeared statistically significant. Third, an analysis of the meal kit product selection attributes showed that health and taste factors had a positive influence on satisfaction. This can be said to reflect the tendency of single-person households to give weightage to healthy eating and to purchase products that can be consumed conveniently.

PURPOSES : In this study, the existence of an optimal pattern among transition methods applied during changes in traffic signal timing was investigated. We aimed to develop this pattern into an artificial intelligence reinforcement-learning model to assess its effectiveness METHODS : By developing various traffic signal transition scenarios and considering 19 different traffic signal transition situations that can be applied to these scenarios, a simulation analysis was performed to identify patterns through statistical analysis. Subsequently, a reinforcement-learning model was developed to select an optimal transition time model suitable for various traffic conditions. This model was then tested by simulating a virtual experimental center environment and conducting performance comparison evaluations on a daily basis. RESULTS : The results indicated that when the change in the traffic signal cycle length was less than 50% in the negative direction, the subtraction method was efficient. In cases where the transition was less than 15% in the positive direction, the proposed center method for traffic signal transition was found to be advantageous. By applying the proposed optimal transition model selection, we observed that the transition time decreased by approximately 70%. CONCLUSIONS : The findings of this study provide guidance for the next level of traffic signal transitions. The importance of traffic signal transition will increase in future AI-based traffic signal control methods, requiring ongoing research in this field.

‘음악 감상과 비평’은 분석적인 음악 감상을 통한 학생들의 사고의 확장과 풍부한 감수성 경험 의 확대라는 두 가지 축을 함축하는 교과이다. 그러나 일반 선택 과목 이외로서의 기능을 하는 진 로 선택 교과의 성격상 본 교과와 연관된 교수⋅학습 방법에 대한 연구는 다소 미흡하였다. 나아 가 현재 2015 개정 교육과정에 근거해 활용되고 있는 교과서를 통해 음악 비평 방법에 대한 학습 체계의 부재를 확인하기도 하였다. 이에 본 연구는 감상과 비평 수업을 진행하는 데 있어 단계적 교수⋅학습 체계의 필요성에 주목하고, 다양한 학자들의 논의를 검토하여 단계적 교수⋅학습의 원리를 도출하였다. 특히, 나선형 교육과정을 계승한 스완윅(Swanwick)과 틸만(Tillman)의 음악적 발달(Musical Development) 모델을 토대로 본 연구는 단계적인 음악 비평 학습모형을 개발하였 다. 이 모형은 네 가지의 음악 비평 학습 단계와 각 단계의 비평 요소 및 내용을 함께 제시하고 있으며, 나선형으로 구현되어 시각적으로도 효과적인 형태를 띤다. 본 연구는 단계적인 음악 비평 학습모형과 더불어 그를 적용한 단계적 음악 비평의 절차와 수업 계획을 제시하고 있다. 또한, 이 모형을 수업 현장에 적용하는 데 있어 교수⋅학습의 맥락에서 고려되어야 할 점을 제안한다.

Seismic fragility curves present the conditional probability of damage to target structures due to external seismic load and are widely used in various ways. When constructing such a seismic fragility curve, it is essential to consider various types and numbers of ground motions. In general, the earthquake occurrence characteristics of an area where the target structure of the seismic fragility curve exists are analyzed, and based on this, appropriate ground motions are selected to derive the seismic fragility curve. If the number of selected ground motions is large, the diversity of ground motions is considered, but a large amount of computational time is required. Conversely, if the number of ground motions is too small, the diversity of ground motions cannot be considered, which may distort the seismic fragility curve. Therefore, this study analyzed the relationship between the number of ground motions considered when deriving the seismic fragility curve and the parameters of the seismic fragility curve. Using two example structures, numerical analysis was performed by selecting a random number of ground motions from a total of two hundred, and a seismic fragility curve was derived based on the results. Analysis of the relationship of the parameter of the seismic fragility curve and the number of selected ground motions was performed. As the number of ground motions considered increases, uncertainty in ground motion selection decreases, and when deriving seismic fragility curves considering the same number of ground motions, uncertainty increases relatively as the degree of freedom of the target structure increases. However, considering a relatively large number of ground motions, uncertainty appeared insignificant regardless of increased degrees of freedom. Finally, it is possible that the increase in the number of ground motions could lower the epistemic uncertainty and thus improve the reliability of the results.

This study was conducted to solve the problem of the existing odor management method taking a long time to analyze samples. Using real-time air quality measurement equipment, 17 designated odor substances were measured three times at a business site causing odor complaints. As a result, three substances, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine, and methyl mercaptan, were measured at higher levels than the site boundary emission standards inside the business site. In the case of trimethylamine, it was measured about 500 times higher than Odor Threshold Values, and was estimated to be the substance causing the odor. Through an inspection of the business site, improvements were instructed to be made to the wastewater treatment process, which is the emission facility where trimethylamine is generated. Subsequent measurement results showed that designated odor substances were measured within the emission standards at all locations, and it was determined that efficient management of odorgenerating businesses would be possible if Selected Ion Flow tube-Mass Spectrometry was utilized.

많은 사람들이 건강과 동물보호를 위한 채식에 관심이 있지만, 채식을 실천하는 것은 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 한 개인의 마음-신체의 관계에 대한 생각이 건강을 위한 행동과 채식제품의 선택에 끼치는 영향을 살펴보려 한다. 연구 1에서는 마음-신체의 관계에 대한 생각을 마음-신체가 분리되는 이원론과 마음-신체가 연결되는 물리주의로 구분하여, 이 두 가지 유형의 생각이 건강을 위한 행동과 채식제품의 선택에 끼치는 영향을 비교하였다. 연구 2에서 는 마음-신체에 대한 생각이 한 개인이 지향하는 사회적 가치에 영향을 끼치는지를 검증하였다. 연구 3에서는 건강 한 채식과 이원론의 관계가 양방향으로도 가능한지를 건강한 음식사진과 건강하지 않은 음식사진을 점화하여 검증 하였다. 그 결과 연구 1에서는 마음-신체의 이원론조건에서 마음-신체가 연결되는 물리주의 조건보다 건강을 위한 행동의향이 더 낮게 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 이원론조건에서 채식제품의 선택의향과 배려의 가치선호도가 더 낮게 나타났다. 연구 3에서는 건강하지 않은 음식조건에서 건강한 음식조건보다 이원론의 점수가 더 높게 나타났다. 이 결과는 마음-신체의 관계에 대한 개인의 생각이 건강을 위한 행동과 사회적 가치의 활성화에 차별화된 영향을 끼칠 가능성을 보여준다.

이 연구의 목적은 척추 자기공명영상 검사 시, 검사시간을 단축할 수 있는 기법인 SENSE와 CS-SENSE를 경추, 흉추, 요추 검사 시 어떤 기법을 적용하는 것이 효과적인지 알아보기 위함이다. 본 연구는 2022년 10월부터 2023년 3월까지 척추질환 및 의심 환자 102명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 사용된 장비는 필립스 사의 3.0T Ingenia Elition X와 20채널 두경부 코일과 44 채널 척추 코일을 사용하였다. 본 연구는 축상 T2강조 고속스핀에코를 SENSE와 CS-SENSE factor 1.5, 2, 3으로 각각 영상을 획득하고, 정량평가는 신호대잡음비와 대조대잡음비를 각 factor 별로 대응 표본 t-test를 진행하였고, 정성평가는 2명의 평가자의 평가점수를 Kruskal-wallis test로 비교하였다. 정량평가 결과, SENSE보다 CS-SENSE가 신호대잡음비와 대조대잡음비가 높게 나왔다. 정성평가 결과, 경추, 요 추는 CS-SENSE 사용 시 평가점수가 높게 나왔고, 흉추는 SENSE 사용 시 평가점수가 높게 나왔다. 결론적으로 척추 MRI 검사 시, 경추, 요추는 CS-SENSE를, 흉추는 SENSE를 사용하는 것이 효과적이다.

아일랜드의 민족주의자이자 작가인 윌리엄 버틀러 예이츠(1865-1939)의 문학적 재능에는 여러 측면이 있다. 아일랜드 신화와 민속을 영국 식민지주의에 대한 저항으로 활용하고, 1916년 부활절 봉기와 같은 아일랜드 민족주의 투쟁의 긴 역사에서 일어난 사건을 찬양하고, 철학적 묵상, 선견지명적 순간, 상징주의, 낭만주의 등 그는 다양한 문학 장르에서 이 모든 것을 다루었다. 예이츠의 시가 그의 문학 작품에서 가장 중요한 자리를 차지하고 있다는 것은 부인할 수 없다. 예이츠의 성격의 여러 측면 중에서 아일랜드 혁명가 모드 곤의 연인으로 묘사된 예이츠는 잘 알려져 있다. 그녀와 그의 삶에 들어온 다른 여성들에게 영감을 받아 그는 상당수의 연애시를 썼다. 이 논문의 목적은 예이츠의 선택된 연애시에서 여성에 대한 표현을 분석하여 남성의 여성에 대한 태도와 다양한 사랑의 뉘앙스에 대한 그들의 경험에 빛을 비추는 것이다. 이는 아일랜드와 세계 다른 지역의 여성 운동에서 일어난 사건으로 인해 여성의 지위가 변화했다는 점을 감안할 때 중요하다. 이 논문은 세기의 전환기에 공공 영역에서 활동하는 “새로운 여성”이 등장했음에도 불구하고 예이츠의 연애시를 포함한 연애시는 궁정 연애의 전통을 이어가며 사랑하는 사람의 아름다움과 수동성을 찬양한다고 주장한다. 이 논문은 페미니즘 이론의 통찰력을 이용하여 시를 분석한다.