This study introduced Gapjanyeon Jubeop, a Joseon Dynasty Korean culinary manuscript transmitted through the Gyedang family, descendants of Songgang Jeong Cheol in Damyang. This is the third culinary document with a clearly identified provenance from the Honam region, following Eumsikbo (1756) and Hasimdangga Eumsikbeop (19th century). The manuscript is a folding book (14.5×27.5cm) recording 13 recipes across 18 pages: 11 liquors and 2 confections. Based on the cover inscription “Gapjanyeon”, binding condition, and linguistic analysis, the date of the manuscript is estimated to be either 1744 or 1804. Key findings include the following: First, Gapjanyeon Jubeop shows little similarity to other extant culinary manuscripts, demonstrating that it has independent characteristics. Second, systematic fermentation techniques for warm climates are evident throughout, including long-term soaking of rice, the addition of wheat flour, powdered wheat bran malts, and post-fermentation water addition (husu-beop). Third, unique liquor names such as “Huigyeong-ju” hold cultural-historical significance, with potential connections to the Huigyeongnu Pavilion in Gwangju, offering opportunities to restore traditional liquor and develop culinary tourism. Gapjanyeon Jubeop illuminates Honam food culture and provides valuable insights into fermentation techniques adapted to warm climates, making it an important resource for research on Korean traditional brewing history.

This study explores the introduction and applicability of the Species Protection Index (SPI) as a tool to evaluate the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation. Specifically, the SPI was recalculated for amphibians in Korea and compared with the internationally provided SPI results. The pilot evaluation of SPI for amphibians showed an increase from 41.52, based on international data, to 44.25, indicating that SPI calculations using domestic data can reflect conservation status more accurately than international SPI results. The findings suggest that SPI can serve as an important scientific basis for formulating national biodiversity conservation policies and managing protected areas, contributing to the development of more effective conservation strategies.

This review examines the importance of measuring practical enteric methane emissions from ruminants, considering their significant impact on global warming. Global warming is significantly driven by an increase in greenhouse gases, with rising methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants accelerating global warming recently. To successfully mitigate CH4 emissions and establish effective strategies, it is essential to apply reliable measurement techniques. This will allow for an accurate assessment of on-farm CH4 emissions. The priority should be to gather CH4 emission data that reflects the actual state of CH4 emissions from ruminants. The review provides an overview of the methods used to measure CH4 emissions from ruminants by compiling existing researches. It introduces the concepts, principles, and limitations of these methods to facilitate comparisons between existing approaches. This review discusses methods for measuring enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants at the farm level, including the tracer technique, laser methane detector, GreenFeed, and sniffer system. These methods are highlighted as potential tools to accumulate substantial data on on-farm CH4 emission from domestic animals with provides examples of international cases. Among these, this review introduces the Sniffer method, a CH4 emission measurement techniques that are suitable for on-farm use under domestic conditions, and emphasizes the necessity of its application. In addition, by presenting international cases where predictive models were developed based on on-farm CH4 measurement techniques, it is projected that if predictive models for CH4 emissions are developed by accumulating data at the farm level, it can contribute to sustainable livestock industry in various promising ways.