This paper is one of basic studies for development of fuel rail to secure strength of GDI system. The fuel rail supports high pressure of 200~250bar and stores fuel while reducing pulsation during injection. Therefore, the structural characteristics of the conventional fuel rail was investigated with respect to stress and displacement. Then, the study focused on reducing stress concentration on fuel rail design to enhance the strength of each components. It was found that the maximum stress was not affected to the dimensions of taper lengths and angles of holes for fuel pipe. Also, it was found that the shape of holes for fuel pipe was key factor to reduce maximum stress, and the bridge between injector and mounting holder was effective structure to reduce the stress of injectors and displacement of the fuel rail system.

Recently air pollution is becoming a global environment issue. Especially, the smoke from engines and boiler systems, which burn fossil fuels directly, is an extremely serious issue. For this reason, IMO is tightening regulations for the control of NOx and SOx. Therefore, in this study, the NOx reduction effect of emulsified oil mixed with 10% of water was tested after applying the emulsified oil to an industrial boiler burner using Bunker-C oil. The study showed that the exhaust gas oxygen concentration of emulsified oil was nearly 1.3% high and this was identified by the effect of dissolved oxygen contained in water. Also, based on the standard oxygen concentration(4%), the average and maximum NOx reduction rates were 28.53% and 30.23% respectively, which means the reduction efficiency was very high.

The fuel used in this study, DMM is an oxygen additive containing 42.5% oxygen by weight and dissolved in diesel fuel, also known as methyl alcohol or Dimethoxymethane (CH3-O-CH2-O-CH3). DMM, which is a colorless liquid, shows chemical characteristics of gas-liquid and is also used as a diesel fuel component. In this study, five mixtures were added to the common diesel fuel at DMM addition rates of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5% by volume. A single cylinder, four strokes, DI diesel engine was used as the test engine. Experimental data were also collected at 24 engine speed-load conditions operating in steady state. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of the addition ratio of oxidized fuel mixed in diesel fuel on engine power and exhaust performance. When compared with the common diesel fuel, the exhaust of Smoke was substantially reduced in all DMM mixing ratios. These results indicate that DMM can be an effective blend of diesel fuel and is an environmentally friendly alternative fuel. This study also shows that smoke and NOx emissions can be reduced at the same time through the application of oxygen fuel and EGR.

The purpose of this study is to produce the auxiliary fuel additives that will improve the heat value and reduce the odor of dried sewage sludge, an auxiliary fuel for power plants using process by-products. Through an odor analysis prior to the production of auxiliary fuel additives, it was confirmed that the main odor materials are Methylmercaptan, Acetaldehyde and Trimethylamine. Based on this, we measured the heating value on various processes by-products such as by-products of thermal power generation and by-products of refinery. In addition, the adsorption performance in the major odor material was evaluated. However, for Trimethylamine, it is very difficult to secure the reproducibility of the concentration of the standard materials as the standard material is liquid. Therefore, it was used Ammonia, which has basic property, to replace Trimethyamine. In the evaluation of various process by-products, the highest heating value in heavy oil fly ash was 5,575 kcal/kg, while in the adsorption performance evaluation, FCC was shown as having the best performance in adsorption, as it could adsorb 100% of Methylmercaptan, 47% of Acetaldehyde and 76% of Ammonia. We conducted an adsorption experiment after supporting a transition metal on the FCC in order to improve the adsorption capacity. As a result, it was confirmed the best efficiency when supporting the copper nitrate 0.5% on the FCC. Based on this result, the experiment was conducted to determine the optimal mixing ratio with a high heating value and odor reducing function using Heavy oil fly ash and FCC. The optimal mixing ratio was 90% of Heavy oil fly ash and 10% of FCC. Furthermore, it was found that the most economical performance and highest odor reducing efficiency was achieved when the mixing ratio was 90% of dried sewage sludge and 10% of auxiliary fuel additives.

The several experiments of Diesel vehicles using EFT were completed. The experiments were performed on chassis dynamometer and road driving test using test mode such as FTP-75 and LA-4. The experiments were employed to measure the effect eco-friendly EFT additives on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption efficiency. In this experiment, the following results are obtained by analyzing the data relativity between exhaust emissions and EFT additives. The value of exhaust emissions such as NOX, SOX, CO2 and PM were improved as Diesel mixed EFT additives at th ratio of 200:1. The improvement of resulting data value was best PM, NOX, SOX, CO₂and fuel consumption rate in the order named.

The two experiments of gasoline vehicle using eco-friendly treatment(Ecoburn) were completed. The experiments was done on traveling using the performance testing mode for chassis dynamometer and road driving test. The experiments were employed to measure exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. In this experiment, the correlation between CO₂and fuel consumption were found in gasoline vehicle. The following results are obtained by analyzing the data relativity between exhaust emissions and additives. 1) If the value of exhaust emissions such as CO, HC, NOX, CO₂were improved as gasoline mixed additives at th ratio of 300:1. The value of fuel consumption were worse compare to those of exhaust emission. The improvement of resulting data value was best CO, HC, NOX and fuel consumption in the order named. 2) The value of CO₂ were to be nearly proportional to the fuel consumption value.

Fuel pump of a vehicle is a device to supply the fuel from fuel tank to engine. This study analyzed the pulsatility on the shape of fuel supply pipe using a CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics). Numerical analysis was performed to use 3-dimensional incompressible k-ε turbulent model with measured pressure values at an exit by an experiment. Simulation models used commercial and improved model. In this study, the characteristics of the pulsatility reduced in improved model compared to those in commercial model. The pressure loss, which occurs at the flexure, was effective to pulsatile reduction. Commercial and improved model differed by numbers of flexure. The number of flexure between inlet and outlet decreased the difference of velocity and pressure. Therefore, the design of fuel supply pipe should be considered numbers and shape of flexure.

본 연구는 원유로부터 정제된 파라자일렌(Para Xylene)을 원료로 테레프탈산(TPA: Terephthalic acid)을 생산하는 공정에서 배출되는 저순도 테레프탈산 잔사인 CTA(Crude Terephthalic acid)의 악취저감을 위한 저감제 개발과 유기성슬러지의 고형연료 활용 방안에 관하여 연구하였다. TPA 석유화학 공정에서 발생되는 TPA 슬러지의 발생량은 0.3~0.4%/kg이며, 슬러지는 보관 또는 운송, 소각 과정에서 끊임없이 악취를 발생시키며 대기환경에도 많은 영향을 끼친다. 이러한 악취로 인해 고효율의 열량을 가졌음에도 화력발전소의 연료로 이용하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 악취저감제는 탄소수가 많은 고지방산과 비이온계면활성제 등을 일정 조성비로 혼합하여 실험하였고, fatty acid 15~30, mono fatty acid 20~35, linolenic acid 20~35, oleic acid 20~25, palmitic acid 5~10, non0ionic surface active agent 5~7% 구성성분 조성비를 갖는다. TPA 유기성 슬러지를 고형연료로 활용하기 위해 고형연료 품질시험에 따른 전 망목에 대해 실험하였다. 고형연료 샘플 500g을 기준으로 TPA 슬러지와 TPA 슬러지에 애쉬 10%를 첨가한 시료 각 두 종류에 대하여 실험한 결과 저위발열량 기준 3,960과 3,540 kcal/kg으로 각각 나타나 고형연료제품 품질기준 3,500 kcal/kg 이상을 만족하여 활용가치가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 염소 0.03%, 황분･수은･카드늄･납･비소･안티몬 불검출, 크롬 45.4mg/kg, 코발트 5,400 mg/kg, 구리 145 mg/kg, 망간 1,300 mg/kg, 니켈 44.4 mg/kg, 탈륨･바나듐 불검출로 나타났다. 악취저감을 위한 pilot-plant는 그림 1과 같이 구성하여 실험하였고, 악취저감제는 0~25% 슬러지 중량비로 주입하여 처리특성을 조사였다.

미분탄을 연료로 사용하고 있는 발전소는 지구온난화 문제에 따른 이산화탄소를 비롯한 여러 가지 오염물질 배출저감에 대한 압박과 석탄연료 가격 상승 등의 여러 가지 문제에 직면하고 있다. 그래서 석탄청정 기술에 대한 전 세계적인 관심과 더불어 석탄 연소 및 가스화에 대한 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 석탄연소과정의 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져 왔지만 아직 모든 종류의 석탄에 대한 특정 석탄연소과정의 메카니즘을 일반적으로 적용할 수 있는 모델이 없기 때문에 오늘날도 많은 연구자들이 연구를 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 미분탄 연소에 대한 이전 일련의 연구결과를 토대로 하여 일차적으로 수치 해석적 방법을 활용하여 실험결과와의 비교 및 모델 검증을 수행하고, 더불어 본 연구실에서 다양한 연소시설에 접목을 시도하고 있는 물 전기분해 가스와의 혼소에 따른 오염물질, 특히 CO2의 배출농도 변화 및 연소로 내부의 열유동 분포 등을 검토하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 상용 해석 프로그램 STAR-CCM+와 In-house 코드를 이용하여 IFRF(International Flame Research Foundation) 다양한 형상의 보일러에 대하여 일련의 실험데이터와 비교검증을 수행하였다. 실험결과와의 비교를 통한 전산해석 결과의 타당성을 검증한 후 연료중의 석탄 양을 감소시키고 대신 물 전기분해 가스를 일부 사용하여 연료 변화에 따른 연소특성을 평가하고 배출가스 중 CO2의 농도 변화를 관찰하였다. 수치해석 결과를 살펴보면 In house 코드를 활용한 계산 결과는 실험결과와 매우 유사한 온도 분포를 나타내어 수치해석에서 사용한 모델에 대하여 비교적 성공적으로 검증할 수 있었으며, 이를 바탕으로 연료의 성상을 변화시켜 수치해석을 수행하여 의미 있는 결과를 도출할 수 있었다.