This study investigates the risk reduction effect and identifies the optimal capacity of Multi-barrier Accident Coping Strategy (MACST) facilities for nuclear power plants (NPPs) under seismic hazard. The efficacy of MACST facilities in OPR1000 and APR1400 NPP systems is evaluated by utilizing the Improved Direct Quantification of Fault Tree with Monte Carlo Simulation (I-DQFM) method. The analysis encompasses a parametric study of the seismic capacity of two MACST facilities: the 1.0 MW large-capacity mobile generator and the mobile low-pressure pump. The results demonstrate that the optimal seismic capacity of MACST facilities for both NPP systems is 1.5g, which markedly reduces the probability of core damage. In particular, the core damage risk is reduced by approximately 23% for the OPR1000 system, with the core damage fragility reduced by approximately 72% at 1.0g seismic intensity. For the APR1400 system, the implementation of MACST is observed to reduce the core damage risk by approximately 17% and the core damage fragility by approximately 44% under the same conditions. These results emphasize the significance of integrating MACST facilities to enhance the resilience and safety of NPPs against seismic hazard scenarios, highlighting the necessity for continuous adaptation of safety strategies to address evolving natural threats.

PURPOSES : Recently, interest in radioactive accidents has increased due to domestic and international nuclear power plant accidents. In particular, local residents' concerns are increasing due to safety issues such as radioactive leaks at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant in South Korea. As Gwangju Metropolitan City is not included in the emergency planning area set by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, there are significant limitations to establishing disaster prevention measures for nuclear power plant accidents. Considering the Fukushima and Hanbit nuclear power plant accidents, the improvement of Gwangju Metropolitan City's radioactive leak accident response manual is urgently required. This study aimed to establish disaster prevention measures to respond to nuclear power plant accidents in Gwangju Metropolitan City in the event of a Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant accident and to improve resident protection measures by estimating the arrival time of radioactive materials and radiation dosage through a nuclear power plant accident simulation. Additionally, we aimed to supplement the on-site action manual for radioactive leaks at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant. METHODS : This study focused on establishing disaster prevention measures centered on Gwangju Metropolitan City in the event of a major accident such as a radioactive leak at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant. Simulations were conducted assuming a major accident such as a radioactive leak, measures to improve resident protection were established by calculating the arrival time of radioactive materials and radiation dosage in the Gwangju area in the event of a nuclear power plant accident, and on-site response action manuals were supplemented in response to a radioactive leak. RESULTS : This study considered the concerns of local residents due to the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident and the Hanbit nuclear power plant failure, conducted a simulation to derive the impact on Gwangju Metropolitan City, and examined the effectiveness of an on-site response manual for radioactive leaks to derive improvement measures. CONCLUSIONS : In the event of an accident at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant in Gwangju Metropolitan City, insufficient portions of the on-site response action manual should be supplemented, and close cooperation with local governments within the emergency planning area should be ensured to respond to radioactive disasters. Therefore, based on the revised on-site response action manual for radioactive leaks, close cooperation and a clear division of roles among local governments will enable effective resident protection measures to be implemented in the event of a radioactive disaster.

Dynamic responses of nuclear power plant structure subjected to earthquake loads should be carefully investigated for safety. Because nuclear power plant structure are usually constructed by material of reinforced concrete, the aging deterioration of R.C. have no small effect on structural behavior of nuclear power plant structure. Therefore, aging deterioration of R.C. nuclear power plant structure should be considered for exact prediction of seismic responses of the structure. In this study, a machine learning model for seismic response prediction of nuclear power plant structure was developed by considering aging deterioration. The OPR-1000 was selected as an example structure for numerical simulation. The OPR-1000 was originally designated as the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant (KSNP), and was re-designated as the OPR-1000 in 2005 for foreign sales. 500 artificial ground motions were generated based on site characteristics of Korea. Elastic modulus, damping ratio, poisson’s ratio and density were selected to consider material property variation due to aging deterioration. Six machine learning algorithms such as, Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), were used t o construct seispic response prediction model. 13 intensity measures and 4 material properties were used input parameters of the training database. Performance evaluation was performed using metrics like root mean square error, mean square error, mean absolute error, and coefficient of determination. The optimization of hyperparameters was achieved through k-fold cross-validation and grid search techniques. The analysis results show that neural networks present good prediction performance considering aging deterioration.

Climate change has led to a significant increase in jellyfish populations globally, causing various problems. For power plants that use nearby seawater for cooling, the intrusion of jellyfish into intake systems can block the flow, leading to reduced output or even shutdowns. This issue is compounded by other small marine organisms like shrimp and salps, making it urgent to develop solutions to prevent their intrusion. This study addressed the problem using the BioSonics DT-X 120 kHz scientific fish finder to conduct preliminary tank experiments. We also deployed underwater acoustic and camera buoys around the intake of nuclear power plant, utilizing a bidirectional communication system between sea and land to collect data. Data collection took place from July 31, 2023 to August 1, 2023. While harmful organisms such as jellyfish and salps were not detected, we successfully gathered acoustic data on small fish measuring backscattering strength (SV). Analysis showed that fish schools were more prominent in the evening than during the day. The highest fish distribution was observed at 3:30 AM on July 31 with an SV of -44.8 dB while the lowest was at 12:30 PM on the same day with an SV of –63.4 dB. Additionally, a solar-powered system was used to enable real-time data acquisition from sea buoys with smooth communication between the land server and the offshore buoy located 1.8 km away. This research developed an acoustic-based monitoring system for detecting harmful organisms around the intake and provided foundational data for preventing marine organism intrusion and planning effective measures.

For the OPR1000, a standard power plant in Korea, an analytical model of the containment building considering voids and deterioration was built with multilayer shell elements. Voids were placed in the vulnerable parts of the analysis model, and the deterioration effects of concrete and rebar were reflected in the material model. To check the impact of voids and deterioration on the seismic performance of the containment building, iterative push-over analysis was performed on four cases of the analytical model with and without voids and deterioration. It was found that the effect of voids with a volume ratio of 0.6% on the seismic performance of the containment building was insignificant. The effect of strength reduction and cross-sectional area loss of reinforcement due to deterioration and the impact of strength increase of concrete due to long-term hardening offset each other, resulting in a slight increase in the lateral resistance of the containment building. To determine the limit state that adequately represents the seismic performance of the containment building considering voids and deterioration, the Ogaki shear strength equation, ASCE 43-05 low shear wall allowable lateral displacement ratio, and JEAC 4601 shear strain limit were compared and examined with the analytically derived failure point (ultimate point) in this study.

원자력발전소(원전) 내부에 설치되어 있는 주요 기기는 원전의 안정적인 운영을 돕는 주요 2차 구조 물이다. 경주 지진, 포항 지진과 같은 강한 지진이 발생하였을 때, 원전 주요 기기의 손상은 원전의 안정한 정지에 문제를 초래할 수 있다. 따라서, 원전 주요 기기의 지진응답을 저감시키기 위한 연구가 필수적으로 요구된다. 이러한 배경 아래, 본 연구에서는 원전 주요 기기의 내진성능 향상을 위하여 동 흡진장치(Dynamic Absorber)를 활용하였다. 연구에서 사용된 동흡진장치는 스프링, 댐퍼, 및 질량체로 구성된다. 이러한 동흡진장치를 설계하기 위하여 기존에 제안된 방법론들을 활용하였으며, 각 방법론 들을 기반으로 설계된 동흡진장치의 지진응답 저감효과를 비교 및 분석하였다. 구체적으로, 진동대 시 험 결과를 바탕으로 유한요소 모델을 검증하였다. 또한, 이를 기반으로 기존 동흡진장치의 설계방법론 에 따른 원전 주요 기기의 지진응답 저감 효과를 비교 및 분석하였다. 결과적으로 각 방법론들은 원전 주요기기의 가속도, 변위, 응력 응답을 평균적으로 약 30% 정도 감소시키는 효과를 보였다.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study was to review roadway management strategies that can be utilized in the event of a radiological emergency, select feasible alternatives, and simulate a portion of the West Coast network to analyze the effectiveness of these strategies. METHODS : The methodology of the study involved reviewing the relevant literature, extracting the implications, establishing an analysis procedure, and selecting an effectiveness evaluation scale. Using a national transportation database, a network was constructed using Toba, a macroscopic model. RESULTS : A reverse-flow lane system was applied to the West Coast Expressway Glory IC–Hampyeong IC (total 25 km), and a plan to increase the number of lanes was applied to the Seokgyo Street–Shinpyeong Intersection on National Route 23 (total extension 28 km). Consequently, both road management strategies were found to be effective. CONCLUSIONS : This study examined roadway management strategies that can be utilized in the event of a radiological emergency, selected feasible alternatives, and simulated a portion of the West Coast network to verify the effectiveness of these strategies. In the case of reverse flow lanes, it is most effective when applied to expressways that can restrict the entrance and exit of vehicles. In the case of increasing the number of lanes, it is most effective when applied to general roads, and institutional arrangements should be made to enable two-way traffic to use the reserved shoulder lanes.

In a steam turbine system for nuclear power plant, the exhaust loss consists of leaving loss, hood loss, turn-up loss and restriction loss. The exhaust loss during rated power operation of steam turbine equipment is inevitable, but it can be optimized by several factors such as last stage blade length, condenser vacuum and steam velocity. In this paper the relationship between the exhaust loss and electrical output of domestic nuclear power plants was quantitatively evaluated, and ways to reduce this loss were considered.

원전 구조물의 실시간 모니터링 기술이 요구되고 있지만, 현재 운영 중인 지진 감시계통으로는 동특성 추출 등 시스템 식별이 제한 된다. 전역적인 거동 데이터 및 동특성 추출을 위해서는 다수의 센서를 최적 배치하여야 한다. 최적 센서배치 연구는 많이 진행되어 왔 지만 주로 토목, 기계 구조물이 대상이었으며 원전 구조물 대상으로 수행된 연구는 없었다. 원전 구조물은 미미한 신호대잡음비에도 강건한 신호를 획득하여야 하며, 모드 기여도가 저차 모드에 집중되어 있어 모드별 잡음 영향을 고려해야 하는 등 구조물 특성을 고려 해야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 잡음에 대한 강건도와 모드별 영향을 평가할 수 있는 최적 센서배치 방법론을 제시하였다. 활용한 지표 로서 auto MAC(Modal Assurance Criterion), cross MAC, 노드별 모드형상 분포를 분석하였으며, 잡음에 대한 강건도 평가의 적합성을 수치해석으로 검증하였다.

일본 정부는 2021년 4월 13일 일방적으로 후쿠시마 원전 오염수를 해양에 방 류하기로 결정했다. 일본의 원전 오염수 해양 방류는 후쿠시마 주변 해역 및 연안의 해양환경에 미치는 방사능 오염뿐만 아니라 우리나라 연안과 태평양 전 역으로 방사능이 유입되어 피해가 발생할 수 있으며, 해양 생태계 변화 등의 심각한 문제도 발생할 것이다. 일본의 원전 오염수 방류 결정에 대한 다양한 대응 방안이 검토되고 있으며, 유엔해양법협약을 중심으로 국제해양법재판소 제소 및 심각한 피해의 가능성과 상황의 긴급성이 있는 경우 잠정조치 신청도 할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 일본의 원전 오염수 방류 결정에 대한 문제점을 살펴보고, 해 양환경 오염으로 인한 국제환경분쟁의 의의와 주요 특성에 관한 내용을 검토하 고, 소송에 대비하여 유엔해양법협약 관련 규정 및 판례들을 검토하여 시사점 을 도출하였다. 일본의 후쿠시마 원전 오염수 방류가 임박한 시점에서 문제 해 결을 위하여 최우선으로 유엔해양법협약을 근거하여 ITLOS 제소 및 잠정조치 신청을 하는 사법적 해결방안을 모색하고 동시에 한일 양국 간 또는 국제사회 의 공동 협력체계를 통한 외교적(비사법적) 해결방안 등 실효적인 해결방안을 제시하고자 한다.

Considering the non-linear behavior of structure and soil when evaluating a nuclear power plant's seismic safety under a beyond-design basis earthquake is essential. In order to obtain the nonlinear response of a nuclear power plant structure, a time-domain SSI analysis method that considers the nonlinearity of soil and structure and the nonlinear Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) effect is necessary. The Boundary Reaction Method (BRM) is a time-domain SSI analysis method. The BRM can be applied effectively with a Perfectly Matched Layer (PML), which is an effective energy absorbing boundary condition. The BRM has a characteristic that the magnitude of the response in far-field soil increases as the boundary interface of the effective seismic load moves outward. In addition, the PML has poor absorption performance of low-frequency waves. For this reason, the accuracy of the low-frequency response may be degraded when analyzing the combination of the BRM and the PML. In this study, the accuracy of the analysis response was improved by adjusting the PML input parameters to improve this problem. The accuracy of the response was evaluated by using the analysis response using KIESSI-3D, a frequency domain SSI analysis program, as a reference solution. As a result of the analysis applying the optimal PML parameter, the average error rate of the acceleration response spectrum for 9 degrees of freedom of the structure was 3.40%, which was highly similar to the reference result. In addition, time-domain nonlinear SSI analysis was performed with the soil's nonlinearity to show this study's applicability. As a result of nonlinear SSI analysis, plastic deformation was concentrated in the soil around the foundation. The analysis results found that the analysis method combining BRM and PML can be effectively applied to the seismic response analysis of nuclear power plant structures.

Based on the random-vibration-theory methodology, dynamic responses of nuclear facilities subjected to obliquely incidental and incoherent earthquake ground motions are calculated. The spectral power density functions of the 6-degree-of-freedom motions of a rigid foundation due to the incoherent ground motions are obtained with the local wave scattering and wave passage effects taken into consideration. The spectral power density function for the pseudo-acceleration of equipment installed on a structural floor is derived. The spectral acceleration of the equipment or the in-structure response spectrum is then estimated using the peak factors of random vibration. The approach is applied to nuclear power plant structures installed on half-spaces, and the reduction of high-frequency earthquake responses due to obliquely incident incoherent earthquake ground motions is examined. The influences of local wave scattering and wave passage effects are investigated for three half-spaces with different shear-wave velocities. When the shear-wave velocity is sufficiently large like hard rock, the local wave scattering significantly affects the reduction of the earthquake responses. In the cases of rock or soft rock, the earthquake responses of structures are further affected by the incident angles of seismic waves or the wave passage effects.

Fishery products play an important role in Korean food culture, and awareness of the safety of fishery products is increasing in the seafood market. Against this backdrop, Japan has announced a plan to release radioactive water to the sea from 2023. In the case of Korea, it is adjacent to the area to be discharged, so there are concerns about securing the safety of marine products. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the change in perception and impact of marine product consumers due to the discharge of contaminated water and to study appropriate countermeasures when discharging contaminated water from nuclear power plants. In this study, the current status of radioactive contaminated water discharge in Japan was summarized, and a survey was conducted on the change in the consumption perception of marine products according to the discharge of contaminated water to analyze the factors affecting the consumption change of domestic consumers. According to the survey, 85.3% of the respondents said that it will affect the purchase of domestic marine products if Japan starts discharging contaminated water from nuclear power plants. Moreover, 85.5% of the respondents said it will affect the purchase of imported marine products.

원자력발전소 기기 내진설계 및 지진해석은 비연계모델을 대상으로 수행된다. 그러나 이러한 비연계해석은 실제 구조물-기기 간 상호작용 등의 실제 현상을 모사할 수 없기 때문에 연계해석에 비하여 정확하지 못한 결과를 발생시키게 된다는 한계를 가진다. 이러 한 배경 아래 이 연구는 실제 원전 격납건물 구조물 및 관련 부계통을 대상으로 질량비와 고유진동수비를 고려하여 지진 연계해석과 비연계해석을 수행하고, 이를 바탕으로 부계통에서의 응답을 비교 분석하였다. 결과적으로 지진 연계해석 결과가 비연계해석 결과보 다 대다수 작은 값을 주는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 기존 연구인 단순한 연계모델에 대한 해석 결과와 유사하지만, 부계통 응답 차이는 훨씬 더 두드러지게 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 이는 지진파의 입력 주파수의 영향보다는 부계통의 설치위치에 영향을 받는 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로 비연계 및 연계 지진해석의 차이가 부계통의 질량비가 크고, 고유진동수가 거의 일치하는 영역 에서 발생하는 이유는 이 영역에서 주계통과 부계통 동적 상호작용이 크게 나타나기 때문인 것으로 보인다.

This study aims to propose a conceptual design of information displays for supporting responsive actions under severe accidents in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). Severe accidents in NPPs can be defined as accident conditions that are more severe than a design basis accident and involving significant core degradation. Since the Fukushima accident in 2011, the management of severe accidents is increasing important in nuclear industry. Dealing with severe accidents involves several cognitively complex activities, such as situation assessment; accordingly, it is significant to provide human operators with appropriate knowledge support in their cognitive activities. Currently, severe accident management guidelines (SAMG) have been developed for this purpose. However, it is also inevitable to develop information displays for supporting the management of severe accidents, with which human operators can monitor, control, and diagnose the states of NPPs under severe accident situations. It has been reported that Ecological Interface Design (EID) framework can be a viable approach for developing information displays used in complex socio-technical systems such as NPPs. Considering the design principles underlying the EID, we can say that EID-based information displays can be useful for dealing with severe accidents effectively. This study developed a conceptual design of information displays to be used in severe accidents, following the stipulated design process and principles of the EID framework. We particularly attempted to develop a conceptual design to make visible the principle knowledge to be used for coping with dynamically changing situations of NPPs under severe accidents.

The emergency diesel generator of a nuclear power plant is a emergency AC power source that starts up within 10 seconds when a LOOP(Loss Of Off-site Power) occurs and supplies power to essential safety facilities. In this study, factors affecting start signal input time, engine rotation start time, 30% of engine rated speed, 80% of engine rated speed were studied to secure starting reliability. As a result, it was found that the section before the 30% of engine rated speed was affected by the mechanical management status from the start signal to the fuel oil linkage system. After the 30% of engine rated speed section, it was the maximum fuel supply section, and the time reduction effect through management improvement was insignificant.