간행물
한국도로학회논문집 KCI 등재 International journal of highway engineering
- 발행기관 한국도로학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 격월간
- ISSN 1738-7159 (Print)2287-3678 (Online)
- 수록기간 1999 ~ 2024
- 주제분류 공학 > 토목공학 공학 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 534DDC 625
권호리스트/논문검색
제26권 제5호 통권127호 (2024년 10월) 16건
1.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : This study aims to evaluate the vertical displacement caused by differential drying shrinkage in concrete pavements within tunnels under various independent variables using structural analysis. METHODS : The behavior of differential drying shrinkage was assessed based on literature reviews of slab thickness and atmospheric humidity. The equivalent linear temperature difference (ELTD) values were analyzed using regression analysis. A three-dimensional solid element model of a two-lane highway tunnel section with six slabs was created using the ABAQUS finite element program by referring to standard drawings. Dowels and tie bars were placed in accordance with the highway standards of the Korean Highway Corporation. RESULTS : The results of a finite element analysis revealed no significant difference in vertical displacement owing to the type of slab base. However, thicker slabs exhibited a smaller vertical displacement. Additional dowels installed at the shoulder of the driving lane did not significantly inhibit vertical displacement. A narrower joint spacing resulted in a smaller vertical displacement. A comparison with field data from Tunnel A showed that the amount of differential drying shrinkage varied with the relative humidity of the atmosphere during different seasons. CONCLUSIONS : Increasing the slab thickness and reducing the joint spacing can improve driving performance by mitigating differential drying shrinkage during dry winter conditions. Future research will involve the creation of indoor test specimens to further analyze the behavior of differential drying shrinkage under varying conditions of relative humidity, slab base moisture, and wind presence.
4,000원
2.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : This study investigated an appropriate saw-cut time frame for jointed concrete pavements. Rectangular slabs (400–500 × 500 × 150 mm) were prepared for saw-cutting tests, and experimental specimens were made using different mixes (type I cement, slag, Fly ash, high early strength cement, etc.) and temperature curing conditions (10, 20, and 25 ℃ as well as variable field conditions). METHODS : A prototype saw-cut device was manufactured to avoid unwarranted joint cutting using uncontrolled saw-cut equipment. The setting times were determined using Proctor penetration resistance (PR) and Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests. The setting times were converted to setting maturities. To link the setting time of the concrete with the initiation time for saw cutting, successive parallel cuts were performed on the rectangular slabs for all mixes. A series of saw-cutting attempts were made between the final setting time and the time when the raveling index (denoted by R) exceeded a value of 2. Reconstructed images of the saw-cut segments were then analyzed using ImageJ, which is a commonly used, open-source software tool. RESULTS : Considering the PR and UPV settings, the final setting of the PR test was adopted as the basis for the correlation curve. The saw-cutting maturity at R = 2 was correlated with the setting maturity of each mix and curing condition. CONCLUSIONS : The relationship between the saw-cutting maturity and setting maturity was represented by a lower limit line, based on the test results of this study. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the test was 0.74, indicating that the proposed PR test at the final setting and image-based techniques provided an optimal method by which to determine the saw-cut initiation time. Another upper limit line can be introduced by using the HYPERPAV software tool for any concrete mix under diverse curing conditions..
4,300원
3.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : This study was conducted to prevent slip accidents on manhole covers located on sidewalks and local roads as well as to propose reasonable slip resistance management standards for manhole covers. METHODS : Using field surveys, test groups were classified based on the patterns and wear amounts of the manhole covers. Standards for measuring the equipment and methods for slip resistance were established, and the slip resistance values were compared and analyzed for each manhole cover test group. RESULTS : According to the slip resistance test results, micro-protrusions on the non-slip manhole covers were found to be effective in improving slip resistance. However, in areas without microprotrusions, the improvement in slip resistance was minimal and yielded results similar to those of standard manhole covers. In addition, among the pattern types of standard manhole covers, the radial pattern was found to be the most susceptible to slipping. Under the current wear measurement standards, the change in slip resistance at different wear stages was found to be relatively small. Moreover, manhole covers had the lowest slip resistance among road surface structures, indicating the need to establish management standards for them. CONCLUSIONS : To prevent pedestrian slip accidents on sidewalks and local roads, it is necessary to ensure that the slip resistance standards of manhole covers are higher than those of sidewalks.
4,000원
4.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : This study evaluates the noise reduction effects of various road paving methods and focuses on low-noise pavements as a cost-effective alternative to sound barriers and tunnels. In addition, this study assesses how noise levels vary with vehicle speed across different paving methods. METHODS : An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to evaluate the noise performance of different paving methods, and this followed by a post-hoc analysis to examine the differences among the paving methods. Another ANOVA was conducted to evaluate the impact of speed on noise performance. This ANOVA was followed by a post hoc analysis to assess differences by speed. Finally, a covariance analysis was conducted, using speed as a covariate, to evaluate the noise reduction effects of the various paving methods. RESULTS : The results of the analyses showed that noise levels follow the order of General ≈ Non-draining > Single-layer ≈ Doublelayer, thus grouping the paving methods into two categories with significant differences in noise performance. In addition, the noise levels increased with speed, except at 70 and 80 km/h. The covariance analysis resulted in a regression coefficient of 0.267 for speed across all paving methods. A post-hoc analysis grouped the paving methods into three distinct categories: General, Non-draining ≈ Single-layer ≈ Double-layer, with notable noise differences between them. CONCLUSIONS : The analysis of noise performance showed that both the paving method and speed significantly affected the noise levels. The covariance analysis, using speed as a covariate, revealed a consistent regression coefficient of 0.267 across all the paving methods. After controlling for speed, noise differences were observed. The General method showed higher noise levels than did the Non-draining, Doublelayer, and Single-layer methods.
4,000원
5.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : For autonomous vehicles, abnormal situations, such as sudden changes in driving speed and sudden stops, may occur when they leave the operational design domain. This may adversely affect the overall traffic flow by affecting not only autonomous vehicles but also the driving environment of manual vehicles. Therefore, to minimize the traffic problems and adverse effects that may occur in mixed traffic situations involving manual and autonomous vehicles, an autonomous vehicle driving support system based on traffic operation optimization is required. The main purpose of this study was to build a big-data-classification system by specifying data classification to support the self-driving of Lv.4 autonomous vehicles and matching it with spatio-temporal data. METHODS : The research methodology is explained through a review of related literature, and a traffic management index and big-dataclassification system were built. After collecting and mapping the ITS history traffic information data of an actual Living Lab city, the data were classified using the traffic management indexing method. An AI-based model was used to automatically classify traffic management indices for real-time driving support of Lv.4 autonomous vehicles. RESULTS : By evaluating the AI-based model performance using the test data from the Living Lab city, it was confirmed that the data indexing accuracy was more than 98% for the KNN, Random Forest, LightGBM, and CatBoost algorithms, but not for Logistics Regression. The data were severely unbalanced, and it was necessary to classify very low probability nonconformities; therefore, precision is also important. All four algorithms showed similarly good performances in terms of accuracy. CONCLUSIONS : This paper presents a method for efficient data classification by developing a traffic management index to easily fuse and analyze traffic data collected from various institutions and big data collected from autonomous vehicles. Additionally, EdgeRSU is presented to support the driving of Lv.4 autonomous vehicles in mixed autonomous and manual vehicles traffic situations. Finally, a database was established by classifying data automatically indexed through AI-based models to quickly collect and use data in real-time in large quantities.
4,000원
6.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : Driving simulations are widely used for safety assessment because they can minimize the time and cost associated with collecting driving behavior data compared to real-world road environments. Simulator-based driving behavior data do not necessarily represent the actual driving behavior data. An evaluation must be performed to determine whether driving simulations accurately reflect road safety conditions. The main objective of this study was to establish a methodology for assessing whether simulation-based driving behavior data represent real-world safety characteristics. METHODS : A 500-m spatial window size and a 100-m moving size were used to aggregate and match the driving behavior indicators and crash data. A correlation analysis was performed to identify statistically significant indicators among the various evaluation metrics correlated with crash frequency on the road. A set of driving behavior evaluation indicators highly correlated with crash frequency was used as inputs for the negative binomial and decision tree models. Negative binomial model results revealed the indicators used to estimate the number of predicted crashes. The decision-tree model results prioritized the driving behavior indicators used to classify high-risk road segments. RESULTS : The indicators derived from the negative binomial model analysis were the standard deviation of the peak-to-peak jerk and the time-varying volatility of the yaw rate. Their importance was ranked first and fifth, respectively, using the proposed decision tree model. Each indicator has a significant importance among all indicators, suggesting that certain indicators can accurately reflect actual road safety. CONCLUSIONS : The proposed indicators are expected to enhance the reliability of driving-simulator-based road safety evaluations.
4,600원
7.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : This study aimed to derive the factors that contribute to crash severity in mixed traffic situations and suggest policy implications for enhancing traffic safety related to these contributing factors. METHODS : California autonomous vehicle (AV) accident reports and Google Maps based on accident location were used to identify potential accident severity-contributing factors. A decision tree analysis was adopted to derive the crash severity analyses. The 24 candidate variables that affected crash severity were used as the decision tree input variables, with the output being the crash severity categorized as high, medium, and low. RESULTS : The crash severity contributing factor results showed that the number of lanes, speed limit, bus stop, AV traveling straight, AV turning left, rightmost dedicated lane, and nighttime conditions are variables that affect crash severity. In particular, the speed limit was found to be a factor that caused serious crashes, suggesting that the AV driving speed is closely related to crash severity. Therefore, a speed management strategy for mixed traffic situations is proposed to decrease crash severity and enhance traffic safety. CONCLUSIONS : This paper presents policy implications for reducing accidents caused by autonomous and manual vehicle interactions in terms of engineering, education, enforcement, and governance. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a basis for preparing preventive measures against AV-related accidents.
4,000원
8.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : According to government data, the Black Spot Program has resulted in an average 28.8% reduction in traffic accidents within one year of project implementation in areas where road conditions improved. However, there has been a lack of in-depth analysis of the midto- long-term effects, with a predominant focus on short-term results. This study aimed to analyze the mid-to-long-term effects of the Black Spot Program to assess the sustainability of its reported short-term impact. Additionally, the differences in the mid-to-long-term effects were investigated based on the scale of traffic accidents at intersections and the characteristics of these effects are revealed. METHODS : The mid-to-long-term effects of the Black Spot Program were analyzed at 122 intersections in Seoul, Korea, where the program was implemented between 2013 and 2017, using traffic accident data spanning five years before and after implementation. Additionally, the differences in the program's effects were analyzed at the top-100 intersections with the highest traffic accident concentration in Seoul using the chi-square test to identify these differences. To theoretically validate these differences, the Hurst exponent, commonly used in economics, was applied to analyze the regression to the mean of the intersections and reveal the correlation with improvement. RESULTS : Through the Black Spot Program at 122 intersections, a 33.3% short-term accident reduction was observed. However, the midto- long-term effect analysis showed a 25.8% reduction, indicating a slightly smaller effect than previously reported. Specifically, the top-100 intersections exhibit a 15.4% reduction. A chi-square test with a 95% confidence level indicated significant differences in the program’s effects based on the scale of traffic accidents at intersections. The Hurst index (H ) was measured for the top-100 intersections, yielding H = 0.331. This is stronger than the overall H = 0.382 for all intersections in Seoul, suggesting that the regression to the mean is more pronounced, which may lead to a lower effectiveness of the improvement. CONCLUSIONS : The mid-to-long-term effects of the Black Spot Program were relatively lower than its short-term effects, with larger differences in effectiveness observed based on the scale of traffic accidents at intersections. This indicates the need to redefine the criteria for selecting project targets by focusing on intensive improvements at intersections, where significant effects can be achieved.
4,000원
9.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : The reliability of traffic volume estimates based on location intelligence data (LID) is evaluated using various statistical techniques. There are several methods for determining statistical significance or relationships between different database sets. We propose a method that best represents the statistical difference between actual LID-based traffic volume estimates and the VDS values (i.e., true values) for the same road segment. METHODS : A total of 2,496 datasets aggregated for 1-h LID and VDS data were subjected to various statistical analyses to evaluate the consistency of the two datasets. The VDS data were defined as the true values for comparison. Four different statistical techniques (procrutes, 2-sample t-test, paired-sample t-test, and model performance rating scale) were applied. RESULTS : In cases where there is a specific pattern (e.g., traffic volume distribution considering peak and off-peak times), distribution tests such as Procrustes or Kolmogorov-Smirnov are useful because not only the prediction accuracy but also the similarity of the data distribution shape is important. CONCLUSIONS : The findings of this study provide important insight into the reliability of LID-based traffic volume estimation. To evaluate the reliability between the two groups, a paired-sample t-test was considered more appropriate than the performance evaluation measure of the machine-learning model. However, it is important to set the acceptance criteria necessary to statistically determine whether the difference between the two groups in the paired-sample t-test varies according to the given problem.
4,000원
10.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : In this study, the importance of various goals, accomplishment, composition, and operation factors of autonomous driving living labs was identified, and implications for establishing strategies to expand the performance of autonomous driving living labs are presented based on their analyzed activation factors. METHODS : We set the factors for accomplishing autonomous living labs to promote technology development and commercialization, create an autonomous living ecosystem, secure the sustainability of living labs, resolve social issues related to urban transportation, and perform factor analyses. To identify the determining factors affecting performance, we performed a multiple regression analysis based on the scores of the composition and operation factors of autonomous living lab environments. RESULTS : Among the accomplishments of autonomous driving living labs, it was found that performance activation and physical environmental factors are important for the promotion of technology development and commercialization; performance activation and promotion and communication factors are important for sustainability related to ecosystem creation; and performance activation and physical environmental factors are important for sustainability related to operational experience acquisition. Additionally, operational factors related to the developer are important for the direct resolution of urban transportation problems, and promotion and communication and performance activation factors are important for the indirect resolution of urban transportation problems. CONCLUSIONS : The findings of this study clarify that activation factors differ depending on accomplishments or goals, providing basic data for establishing accomplishment-based strategies.
4,300원
11.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : In this study, the factors affecting commuting time according to city, county, and ward were empirically analyzed. METHODS : We estimated the average commuting time according to city, county, and ward by controlling for the characteristics of individual commuters, using a 2% sample of the Population and Housing Census of the National Statistical Office, and performed a twostage regression analysis using the average commuting time as the dependent variable. RESULTS : Among the regional attributes in the second stage, the share of commuters with different work and living areas was analyzed as a representative factor causing longer commuting times. The proportion of each mode of transportation in the total regional traffic volume and the population and household characteristics were also analyzed as affecting the average commuting time in the region. Particularly, when analyzing regions by dividing them into cities and counties within a metropolitan city and cities and counties within a province, or by dividing them into urban and rural areas, it can be observed that the factors affecting the average commuting time in the region are different, indicating that differentiated transportation policies are required according to the characteristics of the region. CONCLUSIONS : Commuting time entails increasing opportunity costs as wages increase. However, the expansion of the inter-regional transportation infrastructure acts as a factor in increasing job-residence separation and causes contradictory results by increasing the commuting time. If the characteristics of each region are different, and a function hierarchy as a city appears, travel between regions will become more common. Today, the widening gap between urban and rural areas in terms of employment and residential conditions can cause social waste due to increased commuting times. Ultimately, the extinction crisis of rural areas can be alleviated through policy by encouraging proximity to direct employment through the balanced development of jobs and settlement conditions between regions.
4,200원
12.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : In this study, the existence of an optimal pattern among transition methods applied during changes in traffic signal timing was investigated. We aimed to develop this pattern into an artificial intelligence reinforcement-learning model to assess its effectiveness METHODS : By developing various traffic signal transition scenarios and considering 19 different traffic signal transition situations that can be applied to these scenarios, a simulation analysis was performed to identify patterns through statistical analysis. Subsequently, a reinforcement-learning model was developed to select an optimal transition time model suitable for various traffic conditions. This model was then tested by simulating a virtual experimental center environment and conducting performance comparison evaluations on a daily basis. RESULTS : The results indicated that when the change in the traffic signal cycle length was less than 50% in the negative direction, the subtraction method was efficient. In cases where the transition was less than 15% in the positive direction, the proposed center method for traffic signal transition was found to be advantageous. By applying the proposed optimal transition model selection, we observed that the transition time decreased by approximately 70%. CONCLUSIONS : The findings of this study provide guidance for the next level of traffic signal transitions. The importance of traffic signal transition will increase in future AI-based traffic signal control methods, requiring ongoing research in this field.
4,000원
13.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : In this study, the speed limit violation behavior of drivers after experiencing traffic law punishment was analyzed. Simultaneously, the tendency of such drivers to violate other traffic laws besides the speed limit was empirically analyzed. METHODS : Over a two-month period (May–June, 2024), 1,235 responses were collected through a mobile on-line survey targeting drivers living in the urban areas of Chungnam Province, South Korea. After building a binary logit regression model on drivers’ speed limit violations with their personal attributes (e.g., gender, age, education, job, marital status, driving frequency, and driving experience) and the number of past traffic law violations as explanatory variables, the speed limit violation determinants were derived. Additionally, the relationship between the different types of traffic violations were investigated. RESULTS : As the driver age increased, the rate of speed limit violations decreased. Drivers working in relatively high-paying jobs are more likely to incur in speed limit violations. The greater the driving experience, the lower the possibility of a speed limit violation. The greater the number of fines imposed in the previous 12 months, the more likely it is to violate the speed limit. Additionally, drivers who had violated the speed limit were found to be more likely to violate laws by failing to follow stop lines at crosswalks, not activating turn signal lamps, entering intersections under a red light, and not wearing seatbelts on public roads. CONCLUSIONS : Fines work as a means of sanctioning to ensure their effectiveness in suppressing repeated law violations. Particularly, there is a limit to the fact that compulsory collection cannot be implemented when the arrears are not large, and institutional improvements are required to improve awareness of the fact that when a violator is imposed with a fine, it is not considered seriously. Meanwhile, there is a need to develop educational programs so that drivers can follow traffic laws under any circumstance, expand crackdowns on traffic violations, and strengthen preventive campaigns and promotions for traffic safety. Additionally, continuous efforts are needed to help drivers who repeatedly violate traffic laws develop negative attitudes toward violating these laws.
4,000원
14.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the severity of traffic crashes caused by personal mobility (PM) devices compared with those involving victims. METHODS : Traffic crashes involving PM devices were used to build a non-parametric statistical model using a classification tree. Based on the results, the factors influencing both at-fault and victim-related crashes caused by PM devices were analyzed. The factors affecting accident severity were also compared. RESULTS : Common factors affecting the severity of traffic crashes involving both perpetrators and victims using PM devices include occurrences at intersections, crosswalks at intersections, single roads, and inside tunnels. Traffic law violations by PM device users (perpetrators) influence the severity of crashes. Meanwhile, factors such as the behavior of perpetrators using other modes of transportation, rear-end collisions, road geometry, and weather conditions affect the severity of crashes where PM device users are the victims. CONCLUSIONS : To reduce the severity of traffic crashes involving PM devices, it is essential to extend the length of physically separated shared paths for cyclists and pedestrians, actively enforce laws to prevent violations by PM device users, and provide systematic and regular educational programs to ensure safe driving practices among PM device users.
4,200원
15.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : This study aimed to compare the object detection performance based on various analysis methods using point-cloud data collected from LiDAR sensors with the goal of contributing to safer road environments. The findings of this study provide essential information that enables automated vehicles to accurately perceive their surroundings and effectively avoid potential hazards. Furthermore, they serve as a foundation for LiDAR sensor application to traffic monitoring, thereby enabling the collection and analysis of real-time traffic data in road environments. METHODS : Object detection was performed using models based on different point-cloud processing methods using the KITTI dataset, which consists of real-world driving environment data. The models included PointPillars for the voxel-based approach, PartA2-Net for the point-based approach, and PV-RCNN for the point+voxel-based approach. The performance of each model was compared using the mean average precision (mAP) metric. RESULTS : While all models exhibited a strong performance, PV-RCNN achieved the highest performance across easy, moderate, and hard difficulty levels. PV-RCNN outperformed the other models in bounding box (Bbox), bird’s eye view (BEV), and 3D object detection tasks. These results highlight PV-RCNN's ability to maintain a high performance across diverse driving environments by combining the efficiency of the voxel-based method with the precision of the point-based method. These findings provide foundational insights not only for automated vehicles but also for traffic detection, enabling the accurate detection of various objects in complex road environments. In urban settings, models such as PV-RCNN may be more suitable, whereas in situations requiring real-time processing efficiency, the voxelbased PointPillars model could be advantageous. These findings offer important insights into the model that is best suited for specific scenarios. CONCLUSIONS : The findings of this study aid enhance the safety and reliability of automated driving systems by enabling vehicles to perceive their surroundings accurately and avoid potential hazards at an early stage. Furthermore, the use of LiDAR sensors for traffic monitoring is expected to optimize traffic flow by collecting and analyzing real-time traffic data from road environments.
4,000원
16.
2024.10
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
PURPOSES : Recently, interest in radioactive accidents has increased due to domestic and international nuclear power plant accidents. In particular, local residents' concerns are increasing due to safety issues such as radioactive leaks at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant in South Korea. As Gwangju Metropolitan City is not included in the emergency planning area set by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, there are significant limitations to establishing disaster prevention measures for nuclear power plant accidents. Considering the Fukushima and Hanbit nuclear power plant accidents, the improvement of Gwangju Metropolitan City's radioactive leak accident response manual is urgently required. This study aimed to establish disaster prevention measures to respond to nuclear power plant accidents in Gwangju Metropolitan City in the event of a Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant accident and to improve resident protection measures by estimating the arrival time of radioactive materials and radiation dosage through a nuclear power plant accident simulation. Additionally, we aimed to supplement the on-site action manual for radioactive leaks at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant. METHODS : This study focused on establishing disaster prevention measures centered on Gwangju Metropolitan City in the event of a major accident such as a radioactive leak at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant. Simulations were conducted assuming a major accident such as a radioactive leak, measures to improve resident protection were established by calculating the arrival time of radioactive materials and radiation dosage in the Gwangju area in the event of a nuclear power plant accident, and on-site response action manuals were supplemented in response to a radioactive leak. RESULTS : This study considered the concerns of local residents due to the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident and the Hanbit nuclear power plant failure, conducted a simulation to derive the impact on Gwangju Metropolitan City, and examined the effectiveness of an on-site response manual for radioactive leaks to derive improvement measures. CONCLUSIONS : In the event of an accident at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant in Gwangju Metropolitan City, insufficient portions of the on-site response action manual should be supplemented, and close cooperation with local governments within the emergency planning area should be ensured to respond to radioactive disasters. Therefore, based on the revised on-site response action manual for radioactive leaks, close cooperation and a clear division of roles among local governments will enable effective resident protection measures to be implemented in the event of a radioactive disaster.
4,000원
