This study analyzes the impact of occupational health risk assessments on the safety and health levels and the safety behaviors of workers in manufacturing workplaces. An online survey was conducted among 3,172 companies, yielding 637 responses. The statistical analysis on the collected responses revealed three key findings. First, the safety and health levels (safety importance, safety comprehension, safety awareness) positively influence the outcomes of occupational health risk assessments(safety practice, safety management, safety improvement) and safety behaviors (activity change, safety check). Second, the effectiveness of occupational health risk assessments has a positive impact on safety behaviors. Lastly, the effectiveness of occupational health risk assessments partially mediate the relationship between safety and health levels and safety behaviors. These findings are expected to contribute to the promotion of risk assessments in the field of industrial health and to enhancing safety performance by improving workplace safety, health levels, and safety behavior.

본 연구에서는 보육시설 내 식수인원 및 조리 종사자 근무현황에 따른 급식소 위생 관리수준을 평가하였다. 2021 년부터 2022년까지 풀무원푸드머스를 통해 식자재를 공급 받는 전국 199개 보육시설을 대상으로 61개 점검문항 중 평가결과에서 유의미한 일부 분석결과를 바탕으로 작성하 였다. 분석결과 식수인원이 적고, 조리 종사자가 적을수록 검수기록이 미 실시(P<0.05)되는 평가되었으며, 식수인원 이 적을수록 조리 종사자의 건강상태 확인이 미흡하고, 조 리 종사자가 적을수록 복장착용(P<0.05)이 미흡하였다. 또 한, 식수인원이 적은 보육시설일수록 소비기한 경과 식재 료 보관이 확인(P<0.05)되는 빈도 수가 높아 관리가 요구 되었으며, 가열조리 시 심부온도 측정기록은 미 실시(P<0.05) 되는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 식수인원이 적은 보육시 설일수록 조리시설의 유지관리가 미흡(P<0.05)하였다. ATP 측정결과에서는 식수인원이 적은 조리시설 종사자의 손과 도마에서 유의적으로 높은 ATP 수치가 검출(P<0.05)되었으 며, 조리종사자가 적을수록 근무 급식소의 도마에서 높은 ATP 수치(P<0.05)가 측정되었다. 분석결과를 종합해 볼 때 식수인원이 적은 보육시설일수록 조리운영을 위한 시설기반 관리가 부족하고, 위생관리가 미흡한 것으로 확인되었다. 따 라서 본 연구결과를 통해 식수인원 및 조리 종사자 수에 따 른 보육시설 급식소의 위생 관리수준을 판단하였으며, 향후 보육시설에 대한 국가 지원사업 선정 시 해당 연구결과가 기초자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

PURPOSES : In this study, the basis for improving the maintenance method of road pavement in Jeju Island, where deterioration is accelerating, was presented through field construction and analysis of various combinations of maintenance methods. METHODS : Construction was performed on Jeju Island's Aejo Road, which has high traffic and frequent early damage, using various asphalt mixtures mainly applied in Jeju Island, with different maintenance cross-sections depending on the level of repair. The quality and performance of the asphalt mixture collected during construction were evaluated, and MEPDG was used to analyze the service life according to the type and maintenance level of the mixture. RESULTS : While the mixture for the surface layer satisfied the quality standards and had excellent rutting and moisture resistance performance, the asphalt mixture for the intermediate and base layer did not satisfy the quality standards such as air voids, so it was judged that quality control was necessary during production. The section repaired to the base layer was found to be advantageous for the integrated behavior of the pavement and had the best structural integrity. As a result of predicting the service life, the estimated life of the section where only the surface layer was repaired was analyzed to be approximately 7 years, the section where the intermediate layer was repaired was 14.5 years, and the section where the entire section up to the base layer was repaired was analyzed to be 18 years. CONCLUSIONS : In Jeju Island, where deterioration is accelerating, it was analyzed that when establishing a maintenance plan, it is necessary to consider repairing the middle and base floors in order to secure the designed life of 10 years.

This study analyzed the factors affecting the effectiveness of the Chemical Hazard Risk Management (CHARM). A survey was conducted on 104 learners who participated in the Risk Assessment training course at Occupational Safety and Health Training Institute. Through a self-administered questionnaire, the effect of personal characteristics, corporate characteristics, and safety and health level of the company on the effectiveness of chemical risk assessment was investigated. As a result of statistical analysis, the safety and health level of the company had a positive (+) effect on the effectiveness of Chemical Hazard Risk Management(CHARM), but personal characteristics and corporate characteristics had no relation to it. This study can be used as basic data for further research related to chemical risk assessment in workplaces.

본 연구에서는 밭가뭄을 선제적으로 대응하기 위한 자료를 구축하고자 충청도 지역 대표 밭작물의 시공간적 부족수량을 파악하였다. 고추 등 5개 대표 밭작물과 충청도의 5개 지역을 선정하였고, 작물별 필요수량과 지역별 공급량을 고려하여 부족수량을 산정하였다. 한국농어촌공사의 HOMWRS (Hydrological Operation Model for Water Resource System) 모형을 이용한 작물의 필요수량과 공공관정과 민간관정의 채수량, 상수도 공급량을 조사하여 지역별 용수공급량을 평가하였다. 2014년부터 2018년까지 5년간의 월별 평균 필요수량과 공급량의 차이에 따른 부족수량 을 기준으로 가뭄수준과 시기를 분석하였다. 공공관정, 민간관정, 상수도 공급량 순으로 필요수량과 차이를 산정한 결과 예산(사과)의 6월 부족수량이 가장 높았고, 괴산(콩)의 8월이 두번째로 나타났다. 그 외 지역에서는 관정과 상수도 공급량을 모두 고려할 경우 대체적으로 안정적인 공급이 가능하였으나, 청양(고추)에서 2018년 7월과 8월에 공급량이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 시공간적 가뭄수준 분석 결과는 공간적 우선순위 결정과 시기별 공급량 확보를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 판단된다.

강진에 대한 다양한 비선형 거동을 하는 부재요소들로 이루어진 교량시스템의 현재까지의 일반적인 지진취약도 평가방법은 부재- 수준에서 평가하는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적 부재-수준의 지진취약도 평가결과로부터 구조시스템을 대표하는 시스템-수준의 지진취 약도 평가방법을 개발하는 것이다. 교량의 지진 거동을 일반적으로 교축방향과 교축직각방향으로 구분하기 때문에 본 연구에서도 시 스템-수준 지진취약도를 두 방향에 대하여 구분해 평가하였다. 길이 방향에 대한 부재-수준의 지진취약도평가는 교각, 교량받침, 충 돌, 교대, 낙교에 대하여 수행하였다. 교축직각 방향에 대해서는 충돌, 교대, 낙교의 손상이 영향을 주지 않으므로 부재-수준의 지진취 약도평가는 교각과 교량받침에 대하여만 수행하였다. 다양한 구조부재의 비선형모델을 이용한 지진해석은 OpenSEES 프로그램을 사용하여 수행하였다. 시스템-수준의 지진취약도는 부재-수준 사이의 손상이 직렬연결이라고 가정하고 평가하였다. 교각의 손상이 다른 부재-수준의 손상보다 시스템-수준의 지진취약도에 지배적인 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다. 다시 말하면 가장 취약한 부재-수 준의 지진취약도가 시스템-수준의 지진취약도에 가장 지배적인 영향을 주는 것을 의미한다.

New buildings have been designed using different seismic design standards that have been revised. However, the seismic performance of existing buildings is evaluated through the same performance evaluation guidelines. Existing buildings may not satisfy the performance targets suggested in the current guidelines, but there are practical limitations to discriminating the existing buildings with poor seismic performance through a full investigation. In this regard, to classify buildings with poor seismic performance according to the applied standard, this study aimed to evaluate performance-based investigation of the seismic design proposals of buildings with different design standards. The target buildings were set as RC ordinary moment frames for office occupancy. Changes in seismic design criteria by period were analyzed, and the design spectrum changes of reinforced concrete ordinary moment resisting frames were compared to analyze the seismic load acting on the building during design. The seismic design plan was derived through structural analysis of the target model, compared the member force and cross-sectional performance, and a preliminary evaluation of the seismic performance was performed to analyze the performance level through DCR. As a result of the seismic performance analysis through the derived design, the reinforced concrete ordinary moment frame design based on AIK 2000 has an insufficient seismic performance level, so buildings built before 2005 are likely to need seismic reinforcement.

교량은 사용년한이 증가함에 따라 노후화로 인해 역학적인 성질과 구조적인 성능이 저하되고, 이로 인해서 강진 시에 내진성능이 저하된다. 교각과 교량받침에 대한 노후화를 몇 가지 단계로 정량화하여 해석모델에 반영하였고, 노후화된 교각과 교량받침에 대하 여 부재-수준의 지진취약도를 평가하였다. 교량 시스템의 파괴 메카니즘을 직렬시스템으로 가정하여, 부재-수준의 지진취약도 해석 결과로부터 시스템-수준의 지진취약도를 평가하는 방법을 제안하였다. 노후도에 취약한 부재인 교각과 교량받침에 대하여 5가지 정 량적인 노후도(0, 5, 10, 25, 40%)를 가정하여 부재-수준의 지진취약도를 평가하였고, 이 결과로부터 시스템-수준의 지진취약도 평가 를 수행하였다. 시스템-수준의 지진취약도는 교량받침 보다는 교각이 지배적인 영향을 줌을 알 수 있었다. 이는 보다 취약한 구조부재 의 지진취약도가 전체 교량시스템의 지진취약도에 지배적인 영향을 주는 것을 의미한다.

바위솔국(Delosperma cooperi)은 레소토(Lesotho)와 남아 프리카 공화국(Republic of South Africa)에 자생하는 다년생 초본성 다육식물의 일종으로 옥상녹화의 재료 및 생체모방 자가복구 소재(biomimetic self-repairing material)의 연구재 료로써 사용되어지고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 지피식물 혹은 실내 관상용 식물로 원예로써도 가치가 있을 것으로 전망된다. 본 연구에서는 바위솔국 재배에 최적화 된 환경을 알아내기 위해 온실의 차광수준[50, 65, 80, 95%, (Under-Bed, 98%)], 분용 토(각각 마사토, 펄라이트, 강모래, 유비상토, 버미큘라이트 가 배합된 토양) 및 시비량[(control, 0ppm), 500, 750, 1,000, 2,000ppm]의 처리로 나누어 실험을 진행하였다. 결과적으로 바위솔국은 50% 차광수준에서 가장 우수한 생육 수준을 나타 냈으며 분용토 실험에서는 유비상토, 버미큘라이트와 펄라이 트가 적절히 혼합된 VL:FM:PL(3:2:5, v/v/v)에서 생육이 가장 우수하게 나타났다. 시비량 실험에서는 1000ppm 수준에서 양 호한 생육을 나타내었다. 바위솔국의 엽색은 65% 이하의 차 광수준에서 짙은 녹색(RHS N137A, 147A)으로 나타났고 80% 이상의 차광수준에서는 엽색이 황색(RHS 146A, 147B, 148A) 으로 평가되었다. 차광수준 실험에서 잎의 CIELAB L*과 b* 값 과 식물체의 생육 간에 상관관계를 분석하였는데 이들은 서로 음의 상관관계를 나타내는 것으로 나타냈으며 일조량이 부족 할수록 잎이 황화 되어 생육이 불량해지는 것과 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 시비량에 대한 실험에서는 생육과 엽색간 상관관계는 없는 것으로 나타났다.

최근 식품제조업을 둘러싼 환경이 급변하고 있다. 저출산⋅고령화로 인한 소비인구 감소, FTA 체결국 증가에 따른 국내 시장개방 확대, 제4차 산업혁명에 대한 식품제조업의 대응력 부족 등으로 식품제조업의 성장세 지속은 어려워지고 있다. 식품제조업의 질적 변화를 위한 혁신성장을 추진하고자 한다면 식품제조업의 혁신수준에 대한 평가와 향상 방안에 대한 심층적 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 식품제조업의 혁신수준을 평가하고 향상시킬 수 있는 방안이 무엇인지를 검토하고자 한다. 식품 제조업의 혁신수준을 혁신의 투입지표인 매출액 대비 연구개발비 비율(이하 R&D비율), 특허등록(출원) 건수, 총요소생산성을 활용해 분석․평가하였다. 그 결과, 식품 제조업의 R&D 비율은 다른 산업에 비하여 낮은 것으로 분석되었으며 특허 수와 총요소생산성 증가율 또한 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational safety and health management activities on safety and health performance by using the results of safety activity level evaluation of public organizations. To this end, a research model was established by using three fields as independent variables among the four areas of the safety activity level evaluation index: safety and health system, safety and health activity plan, and safety and health activity level, and the safety and health activity performance field as a dependent variable. Correlation analysis and regression analysis between major variables were performed. As a result of the correlation analysis, the safety and health activity performance had a significant positive (+) correlation with all of the safety and health system, safety and health activity plan, and safety and health activity level. The safety and health system had a significant positive (+) correlation with the safety and health activity plan and safety and health activity level, and the safety and health activity plan had a significant positive (+) correlation with the safety and health activity level. And as a result of the regression analysis, it was found that the organization’s safety and health system, safety and health activity plan, and safety and health activity level all had a significant positive (+) effect on safety and health activity performance.

본 연구에서는 토마토 유전자원 49점을 대상으로 엽록소형 광 측정 프로토콜인 Quenching act 2를 이용하여 염류 스트레스 수준을 구분할 수 있는 엽록소형광 매개변수를 선발하기 위해 수행되었다. 염류 스트레스 평가는 3엽기 유묘 단계의 토마토 유전자원 49점을 대상으로, 1일 1회 NaCl 400mM로 저면관수를 처리하였다. 염류 스트레스 처리 4일차에 토마토 유묘의 지상부 생체중, 엽록소 및 프롤린 함량 분석을 실시하였 다. 토마토 유전자원 49점의 지상부 생체중 및 엽록소 함량은 대부분 감소하였으며, 프롤린 함량 증가율은 유전자원 별로 유사하였다. 대표적인 12개의 엽록소형광 매개변수는 염류 스트레스에 노출되는 기간이 길어질수록 증감하는 경향을 보였으며, 염류 스트레스에 노출될수록 Y(NO)는 증가하였다. 본 연구결과에서 유전자원 49점의 광계Ⅱ의 비조절 에너지 소산의 양자 수율[Y(NO)]은 염류 스트레스 하에 차이를 보였으 며, 염류 스트레스에 저항성을 지닌 염류 저항성 유전자원과 염류 스트레스에 감수성 유전자원 간의 차이를 확인할 수 있는 엽록소형광 매개변수로 판단되며, 토마토 유전자원에 대해 염류 스트레스 수준을 평가할 수 있는 보완적인 도구로 활용 가능하다고 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate indoor air pollutants of children’s facilities in libraries. The indoor pollutants, which were managed under the “Indoor Air Quality Control Standards” and “Environmental Safety Standards for Children’s Activity Zones,” were measured within five months. The new environmental pollutants such as phthalates and pesticides were also measured. The pollutant-measuring device was installed in children’s spaces in libraries and children’s libraries of the metropols. The result of investigating indoor pollutants showed that the concentration of fungus and floating bacteria had low distributions due to the use of air purifiers in all libraries. The concentration of HCHO and TVOCs was also measured lower than the environmental standards in well-ventilated libraries. On the other hand, phthalates and pesticides were detected in all libraries. In the case of heavy metals, they were mainly found in the finishing materials of the library walls and floors. As a result, indoor pollutants are managed under court receivership. On the other hand, phthalates and pesticides, which are not regulated by environmental standards should be managed because they were detected in all libraries.

We performed seismic noise level analysis to access the proper functioning of 11 newly established seismic stations in the southeastern region of Korea. One-hour long segments of seismograms were selected from the continuous data of the 3 elements for 61 days from March 1, 2019. For each segment of data, the power spectral density (PSD) was estimated from the continuous back ground noise data of the 3 elements for periods ranging from 0.02~100 s. The median noise levels (NLs) of the stations were compared with the new noise model (NNM) of USGS and NLs of station TJN installed in a tunnel on a granite basement. We observed that the NLs of the newly installed seismometers were between the upper and lower limit of the NNM. In a comparison with the noise level of station TJN, the new seismometers had their own noteworthy features. The NLs from accelerometers (Epi-sensors) were ~ 40 dB higher than the NLs from velocimeters (STS-sensors) for periods > 10 s, which is because the small and light Epi-sensors are sensitive to environmental changes. Daily and weekly variations in spectral noise level were observed clearly in short periods < 1 s, and these are considered to be related to human activities. The seismometers in boreholes showed ~20 dB weaker NLs in the cultural noise band. The NLs of accelerometers at a depth of 30 m were also much lower by 30 dB for long periods > 10 sec. Overall the functioning of the new velocimeter and accelerometer stations was reliable for periods ranging from 0.02~100 s and 0.02~10 s, respectively.

This study is aimed to evaluate the technology levels of shellfish farming in southern coast of Korea and status analysis on research of shellfish aquaculture. With achieving these objectives, it will be possible to present the direction of shellfish farming research and related project. Five major breed of shellfish aquaculture that would be adaptive and sustainable were proposed through consultation and agreement with professional group with more than 15 years of working experience. Moreover also evaluated that levels of technology, industry and market are also evaluated. The evaluation result of the expert group showed that the shellfish farming level occupied the third place in comparison with the US, Japan, Europe, and China. It is estimated that about 13~14 years will reach the level of the highest on average. In addition, most countries are expected to grow by about 10% on average over the next five years. Based on the result of the analysis of 670 research projects (2008~2017), there was little research on climate change and shellfish aquaculture. Besides some of shellfish have not been studied since 2008 and 2013, so it can be mentioned as a future task to be overcome.

Mold grows more easily when humidity is higher in indoor spaces, and as such is found more often on wetted areas in housing such as walls, toilets, kitchens, and poorly managed spaces. However, there have been few studies that have specifically assessed the level of mold in the indoor spaces of water-damaged housing in the Republic of Korea. We investigated the levels of airborne mold according to the characteristics of water damage types and explored the correlation between the distribution of mold genera and the characteristics of households. Samplings were performed from January 2016 to June 2018 in 97 housing units with water leakage or condensation, or a history of flooding, and in 61 general housing units in the metropolitan and Busan area, respectively. Airborne mold was collected on MEA (Malt extract agar) at flow rate of 100 L/min for 1 min. After collection, the samples were incubated at 25oC for 120 hours. The cultured samples were counted and corrected using a positive hole conversion table. The samples were then analyzed by single colony culture, DNA extraction, gene amplification, and sequencing. By type of housing, concentrations of airborne mold were highest in flooded housing, followed by water-leaked or highly condensed housings, and then general housing. In more than 50% of water-damaged housing, the level of airborne mold exceeded the guideline of Korea's Ministry of Environment (500 CFU/m3). Of particular concern was the fact that the I/O ratio of water-damaged housing was greater than 1, which could indicate that mold damage may occur indoors. The distribution patterns of the fungal species were as follows: Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp. (14%), Aspergillus spp. (13%) and Alternaria spp. (3%), but significant differences of their levels in indoor spaces were not found. Our findings indicate that high levels of mold damage were found in housing with water damage, and Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium brevicompactum were more dominant in housing with high water activity. Comprehensive management of flooded or water-damaged housing is necessary to reduce fungal exposure.