A series of injection and drainage test were conducted on an circular acrylic tube to investigate the pressure generated by the accumulated fill materials inside a circular acrylic tube structure. The acrylic tube was filled by means of gravity filling with a slurry material having an average water content of 700%. The water head during the filling process was 1.8m and the bottom pressure during initial filling was 20.18kPa. The recorded stress at the sides of the acrylic tube was 17.89kPa during the filling process and was reduced to 13.58kPa during the leaving process. Continuous drainage of the acrylic tube has greatly influenced the stresses around the tube structure. As the water is gradually allowed to overflow, the generated pressure at the topmost pressure sensor of the tube was reduced further to 2.17kPa. Eventually, the initially liquid state slurry material transforms into plastic state after water has dissipated and substantial soil particles are deposited in the acrylic tube. The final water content of the deposited silt inside the acrylic tube after the test was 42%. It was found that the state of stresses(geo-static earth pressures) in the acrylic tube was anisotropic rather than isotropic.

This paper presents on the structural behavior of the the methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA) double wide flanged the glass fiber-reinforced polymer(GFRP) pipe composite structures for the manhole raise. The evaluation of structural performance on this composite structure was conducted by the axial load, fatigue load, and ultimate load test. The assessment indicates that the MMA double wide flanged GFRP pipe composite structures was confirmed safety, durability and reliability in result as expected. It was found that this composite structure was able to short working times to around 30-50% and construction costs to around 10-23% with compare other construction methods. Also, environmental pollution and civil complaints will be prevented because there will be no longer any noises, vibrations, dust, or construction wastes.

Various hybrid dampers have been developed as increasing tall buildings in Korea. To minimize the installment space and cost, the new hybrid friction damper was developed using friction components. It is composed of two one-nodal rotary frictional components and a slotted bolted frictional connection. Because of these components, hybrid friction damper can be activated by building movements due to lateral forces such as a wind and earthquake. In this paper, displacement amplitude dependency tests were carried out to evaluate on the structural performance and the multi-slip mechanism of the hybrid damper. Test results show that the multi-slip mechanism is verified and friction coefficients are increasing as displacement amplitudes are increasing.

Generally, the Load of upper structures is transferred to concrete foundations through columns supporting them. So, the anchor connection system is usually adopted in order to connect the columns and the concrete foundations. To apply this system, the column-foundation connections need to be designed with enough stiffness. This study was experimentally conducted to effectively improve the structural detail of circular CFT column-foundation connections, to which axial and lateral load simultaneously apply. For this study, the test specimen with a general anchor and an anchor frame, and the specimens with the high-tension bolt and inner reinforcement were fabricated. In addition, double base plates were adopted to have the enough stiffness of connections. The behavioral characteristics and the failure mode were investigated and compared, and the improvement of structural detail of circular CFT column-foundation connections was suggested.

SAFE damper is a hybrid damper which is comprised of a friction damper and a metallic damper. These two dampers combine to resist external energy in stages. Under minor earthquake loads, the friction damper operates alone. However, the friction damper and metallic damper dissipate the energy together when a severe earthquake occurs. In comparison with other methods for seismic retrofitting, the SAFE damper has many advantages. The SAFE damper doesn’t cause damage to façade of the building, and the construction period can be reduced when retrofitting. This paper describes experiments evaluating the structural performance of the SAFE damper. From the results, it was found that the structural performance of a conventional RC bare frame can be significantly improved by the installation of the SAFE damper.

구조실험을 위한 데이터 저장소는 구조실험에 관련된 실험정보를 구조공학자와 연구자들이 편리하게 저장하고 열람할 수 있도록 효율적인 구성을 가져야 한다. 데이터 저장소에 대한 평가는 데이터 저장소 자체적인 구성에 대한 평가와 데이터 저장소에 저장된 실제 정보의 구성에 대한 평가로 나눌 수 있다. 데이터 저장소의 자체적인 구성은 클래스로 나타낼 수 있고 데이터 저장소 내에 저장된 실제의 실험정보는 객체로 표현할 수 있는데 본 논문은 클래스와 객체가 가지고 있는 속성구성에 대한 평가요소를 제안한다. 클래스의 속성구성 평가요소로는 클래스내 속성수와 구체적인 값 또는 객체에 의해 구분한 속성의 종류별 수 등이 있는데 이러한 평가요소들을 이용하여 데이터 저장소가 정한 구성을 이해할 수 있다. 객체의 속성구성 평가요소로는 객체내 값있는 속성수 등이 있는데 데이터 저장소내의 실제 실험정보가 레벨별로 어떻게 저장되어 있는가를 파악할 수 있다.

An experimental study on the structural behavior of connection types between approach slab and integral abutment has been done for three typical bar connections. Typical hinge style reinforcing bar detail for its connection is preferred in order to accommodate rotation of the approach slab among engineers. However, the straight horizontal bars can be used as connection detail accomodate structural capacity. Total six specimens with three types of rebar detail are tested for direct tensile and bending load. The characteristic structural behaviors are carefully monitored and all the strain gauge data obtained are analyzed. It is shown that the structural performance of all the specimens well exceed its design allowance. Several design suggestions are given based on careful reviews on the experiment.

Recently, natural disasters such as earthquake, tsunami, typhoon and tornado are increasing, and cause huge economical loses and victim. Thus, when the disaster occurs, it is important to prepare emergency evacuation shelters for fast and easy construction compared to general building system. And, deployable structures will provide a great help for such aim. Deployable structures have the great advantage of being faster and easier to erect and dismantle compared to conventional building forms. In this study, we confirm the possibility of deployment for shelter structures using scissor structure system. First, Basic model was performed to recognize the appllicability of the deployable systems of the dome-shaped structure. Second, Advanced model that more improved inner space and deployment mechanism was confirmed.

Most of the structural forms in which ETFE film is used are the cushion(pneumatic membrane structures) and tension type(tensile membrane structures), which have been generally accepted to be the most efficient forms. Tensile membrane structures are pulled outward from the exterior to introduce initial stress. And such structures offer the advantage of a natural shape formed by tensile stress and eliminate the need for blast air. Recently, the number of tension type structures is increasing. However, there are problems of creep and relaxation of ETFE films under long-term stresses. In this paper, the stretch fabrication method is proposed for stretching the film into the plastic region during initial tensioning as a way to increase its strength. And its effectiveness is confirmed by investigating experimental and analytical test using ETFE films.

Main topics in this study is a new structural detail for connection between H-Steel or SRC column and flat plate slab. We carried out to evaluate the punching shear performance of H-steel or SRC column + RC slab system for vertical load and lateral load. From the test results structural characteristics - yield moment, yield rotation, maximum moment, deformation capabilities ect. - are obtained and evaluated. In this paper as a shear reinforcement for supporting region of plate closed stirrup type and shear band are used, and their test results are compared.

PURPOSES : About 35% of air pollutant is occurred from road transport. NOx is the primary pollutant. Recently, the importance of NOx removal has arisen in the world. TiO2 is very efficient for removing NOx by photocatalytic reaction. The mechanism of removing NOx is the reaction of photocatalysis and solar energy. Therefore, TiO2 in concrete need to be contacted with solar radiation to be activated. In general, TiO2 concrete are produced by substitute TiO2 as a part of concrete binder. However, 90% of TiO2 in the photocatalysis can not contacted with the pollutant in the air and solar radiation. Coating and penetration method are attempted as the alternative of mixing method in order to locate TiO2 to the surface of structure. METHODS : The goal of this study was to attempt to locate TiO2 to the surface of concrete, so we can use the concrete in pavement construction. The distribution of TiO2 along the depth were confirmed by basing on the comparison of TiO2 compare by using the EDAX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). RESULTS : TiO2 were distributed within 3mm from concrete surface. This distribution of TiO2 is desirable, since the TiO2 induce photocatalysis are located to where they can be contacted with the air pollutant and solar radiation. CONCLUSIONS : Nano size TiO2 is easily penetration in the top 3mm of concrete surface. By the penetration TiO2 concrete can be produced with the use of only 10% of TiO2, by comparing the mixing types.

The research is to verify by experiments whether the steel truss structure is able to withstand the load of cement bricks of upper part of a door for the safe use of lightweight steel truss structure instead of concrete lintel which is to be installed at upper part of door frame in building cement bricks for apartment construction. The steel truss is designed in order not to disturb bricks-building and the shape of structure was verified by bending test. According to experiments result, camber was applied to steel structure that enabled construction work to be improved and was proved effective for the prevention of accidents by cement bricks-building load test.

There are a number of construction methods to build spatial structures such as erection method, Element method, Block method, Sliding method, Lift-up method and Push-up method. These methods are uneconomical and low accuracy, and require long construction duration because of a need of a scaffold or a tower crane to build spatial roof frame. In this study, the construction method to erect a truss structure was proposed as an economical and easy installation method. The proposed method has end hinges of keel truss and winches with horizontal cable. This method makes safe and accurate production and reduces construction duration because trusses are built on the floor or supporter. The goal of this study is to verify the validity of construction method by building scale model using the proposed method.

본 연구에서는 자유낙하 하는 쐐기형 구조물의 슬래밍 충격압력 및 유동특성을 알아보고자 실험을 수행하였다. 유동장의 계측은 2-프레임 그레이레벨 상호상관 PIV 기법을 이용하였으며, 자유낙하 하는 구조물의 충격압력은 압력 계측장비인 Dewetron System을 이용하였다. 모델과 자유수면간 이루는 각도는 15˚, 25˚, 35˚ 및 45˚를 적용하였으며 중량과 자유낙하의 높이에 대해서 다양성을 주어 실험하였다. 속도장은 접수보다 이수에서 빠른 유동특성을 나타냈으며, 접수에서 보다 이수에서 시간이 더 소요됨을 보였으며, 모델 하부에서의 충격압력은 모델의 45도에서 보다, 입수각이 작은 15도와 P1 지점에서 높게 나타났다.

휨 거동 및 전단부의 전단거동으로 인한 철근상세 및 사용되어지는 철근의 과다로 인하여 취성파괴의 양상이 발생 하고 있다. 이에 본 실험에서는 유리섬유망을 이용하여 철근과의 휨 및 변위 거동을 통하여 무보강철근과 유리섬유망의 ply 수에 따른 휨거동 실험을 통하여 균열을 살펴보고서 향후 휨 거동에 적정한 유리섬유망의 철근의 배치겹수에 대한 사용량을 검토하고자 한다.

본 연구에서는 원형실린더 후류 와류에 의한 진동을 제어를 위해 적용되는 나선형 뱃전판의 효율향상을 위해 다양한 회전각에 대해 모델실험을 실시하였다.실험은 회류수조에서 레이놀즈수 Re=4.0×10³,Re=5.5×10³ 및 Re=7.0×10³에서 균일유입유동에서 2-프레임 그레이레벨 상호상관 PIV기법을 이용하였다.실험결과 원형실린더와 뱃전판을 부착한 실린더와의 비교를 통해..

The recently constructed buildings are ensuring seismic safety with enhanced design criteria. But, the buildings unapplied enhanced design criteria are very weak. In this study, steel grid shear wall is proposed as a solution of seismic retrofit to ensure safety of the existing buildings for the earthquake. And the structural performance experiments were carried out under axial force and cyclic lateral loads. The two specimens were made of a reference RC frame and steel grid shear wall in-filled RC frame. The test setup configured with two dynamic actuators, for the axial force with a 500kN capacity actuator and for the cyclic lateral load applied with the 2,000kN actuator. Compared with control specimen, the strength, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation capacity of the seismic retrofit structures is evaluated.

This paper presents experimental studies aiming at evaluation of structural behaviors of RC (Reinforced Concrete) beams externally strengthened with taper ended CFRPs(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers). Experiments are performed with RC beams having different numbers of CFRP layers and length of each layer. The beams are subjected to four point-bending with simply supported condition. Test results of taper ended CFRPs and non-tapered CFRPs are compared and the better strengthening effect is observed from tapered ended CFRPs.