해산송사리, Oryzias dancena 2배체와 유도 3배체 각 조직에서의 세포주기를 비교, 분석하였다. G1, S, G2+M기의 분포 빈도에서 꼬리지느러미인 경우 2배체에서는 85.8%, 7.6% 및 6.9%이었으며 유도 3배체에서는 91.2%, 3.6% 및 5.2%이었다. 간 조직인 경우 2배체에서는 78.4%, 10.6%, 및 11.0%이었으며 유도 3배체는 86.2%, 5.9% 및 7.9%이었다. 아가미 조직인 경우 2배체에서는 79.3%, 9.4% 및 11.3%이었으며 유도 3배체는 85.7%, 5.4% 및 8.9%이었다. 2배체와 유도 3배체에서 조직 간 세포 주기 빈도에서 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p<0.05). Mitosis (체세포분열)은 유도 3배체에 비해 2배체가 더욱 활성이 있었으며, 이러한 체세포분열은 2배체와 유도 3배체 모두에서 꼬리지느러미 조직 보다는 간 조직과 아가미 조직에서 더욱 왕성하였다.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of medium composition on organogenesis towards in-vitro cultured diploid and tetraploid Codonopsis lanceolata and obtain in-vitro mass propagation of superior species of C. lanceolata. Regarding MS medium composition for each concentration, diploid C. lanceolata was found to be declined. However, shoot and adventitious root formation were suppressed with higher mineral salt concentration, and active growth of shootand adventitious root was exhibited as 4.9 cm and 3.2 cm respectively in 1/2 MS medium. While in tetraploid C. lanceolata, it showed 2.9 cm and 3.2 cm respectively in 1/4 MS medium. In the case of sucrose concentration, no consistent decrease was observed for growth of shoot and adventitious root of diploid both at high and low concentration. The growth of shoot (at 3% concentration) and adventitious root (at 7% concentration) was 2.3 cm and 2.0 cm respectively. Although there was no difference in shoot formation of tetraploid C. lanceolata in all concentrations with the range of 1.7 ~ 1.8, there was a slight decrease in shoot growth at high concentration. Results revealed that the adventitious root formation was suppressed at high concentration. Concentration of agar exhibited no significant difference in shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata at all concentrations. The highest result of adventitious growth (4.1 cm) was observed at 0.8% concentration. Slight inhibition of shoot formation and root formation of tetraploid C. lanceolata was observed at higher concentration. Shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata also exhibited inhibition at higher concentration. Shoot formation of diploid C. lanceolata was increased at lower pH and shoot growth was the highest (2.3 cm) at pH 3.8. Adventitious root formation was higher at lower pH. Although there was no difference in shoot formation of tetraploid C. lanceolata presenting 1.7 ~ 1.8 regardless of high and low pH, growth inhibition was showed at higher pH. Adventitious root formation and growth showed a little higher result at pH 5.8.

본 연구는 우리나라 전통 참나리중 본 연구에서는 경남 진주시에서 선발한 참나리 변이체의 생장과 형태적 특성, 그리고 배수체 검사와 virus 검정 등을 실시하여, 기존 참나리 품종과는 다른 자가결실성 2배체 품종으로 선발하여 조경지피용 소재 및 나리속 식물의 육종시 유전 자원으로 이용할 수 있는 기초자료로 이용하고자 하였 으며, 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 선발된 자가결실 참나리 2배체 품종의 생육형은 고 성형으로 자생 3배체 품종과 동일하였고 주아도 공히 형성하였다. 꽃의 형태적 특성 및 잎의 형태적 특성등은 큰 차이를 보이지 않은 반면 주아의 크기 및 구근의 크 기에서는 큰 차이를 보여 품종간 차이를 나타내었다. 자가결실율에서는 자가결실성 2배체 품종의 경우 착과 율이 72.6%로 높은 결실율을 보인 반면 자생 3배체 품종 은 0%로 자가 불화합성을 보였다. 또한 염색체 조사결과 자가결실 품종의 경우 염색체수가 26개로서 x = 13의 2배체 품종으로 확인되었으며 자생 참나리의 경우 염 색체 수가 39개로서 3배체 품종임이 증명되었다. 선발된 자가 결실성 품종의 경우 후대검정을 실시한 결과 생육 특성 및 형태적 특성, 그리고 결실 습성까지 모본과 동 일하여 모본의 특성이 후대에도 유전되는 것을 증명할 수 있었고 염색체 조사결과 2n = 26으로 2배체임이 증 명되었다. 자가 결실성 참나리 2배체 품종의 화분발아 력을 조사한 결과 모본의 화분발아력이 58%로 양호하 였으며 종자 및 주아로 번식된 3년생 식물체와 2년생 식물체 공히 화분발아력이 50% 이상으로 나타났다. 그 러나 자생 참나리의 화분발아력은 0%로 전혀 발아가 되지 않았다.

The influence of ploidy level on agronomic characteristics in italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam, italicum, was studied using diploids (2x) and tetraploids (4x) on the upland of Livestock Experiment Station, Suweon. The results are summarized as fol

Background : Morus alba L. (M. alba L.) belongs to the family Moraceae and has been industrially used as a food source for the silkworm and as a sedative in traditional medicine due to their adaptogenic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and anti-adipogenic properties. In this study, metabolic profiling of diploid and tetraploid in Morus alba L. ‘Cheongil’ Methods and Results : Carotenoids are secondary metabolites found in most of the higher plants. In the current study, the levels of carotenoids were much higher in tetraploid of M. alba L. ‘Cheongil’ than diploid of M. alba L. ‘Cheongil’. Particularly, the levels of lutein, 13z-β-carotene, α-carotene, E-β-carotene, and 9Z-β-carotene were 2.51, 5.53, 7.68, 4.43, and 4,46 times higher in tetraploid of M. alba L. ‘Cheongil’, respectively. Additionally, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was carried out using Pearson’s correlation results in order to determine the relationships between metabolites of diploid and tetraploid in Morus alba L. ‘Cheongil’. The results of HCA revealed the degree of correlation among 42 metabolites, which were identified and quantitated by GC-TOFMS. Among TCA organic acids, succinic acid was positively correlated with fumaric acid (r = 0.8250, p < 0.0001) and malic acid (r = 0.9436, p < 0.0001). Among carbohydrates, fructose was positively correlated with glucose (r = 0.9398, p < 0.0001) and mannose (r = 0.9394, p < 0.0001). Conclusion : In this study, we investigated primary metabolites and secondary metabolites (carotenoids) in diploid and tetraploid in Morus alba L. ‘Cheongil’ in order to provide information on the difference between

Background : This study was performed to investigate the morphological and growth characteristics and metabolomics approach for the diploid and tetraploid Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PMT). Methods and Results : The present study was performed to investigate the effective induction method of tetraploid plants using colchicine treatment. To know the morphological and growth characteristics of PMT overground growing was investigated about the stem diameter, leaf length and width, a scape, inflorescence length, chlorophyll, seed length and seed width. Metabolite profiles from P. multiflorum were analyzed by an ultra performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole - time of flight (UPLC-Q-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The number of stomata and chlorophyll content was also higher in tetraploid. However, the physiological and morphological characteristics of the newly developed tetraploid showed noticeable results compared to the diploid plant. Also, the inherent characteristics of a newly acquired tetraploid also exhibited better results compared to diploid. Twenty one compounds including catechins from leaf and thirty compounds including stilbenes from roots were identified as major metabolites of PMT. The levels of most root metabolites except dethiobiotin, epigallocatechin gallate, procyanidin B1, epiafzelechin 3-O-gallate, and moupinamide from PMT were higher than those of diploid. The levels of 2,3-digalloylglucose, fallacinol, tricin, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside, torachrysone-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, questin, aloe-emodin 8-O-(6′-O-acetyl)-glucoside, polydatin, 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone, 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, aloe-emodin, myrciacitrin II and ω-hydroxyemodin from teraploid PMT were 342, 32, 31, 21, 11, 11, 9, 8, 6, 5, 4, and 2 times, respectively, higher. Conclusion : From above results, overground growing of tetraploid P. multiflorum is fairly better than that of native P. multiflorum.

The roots of Platycodon grandiflorum species either dried or fresh, are used as an ingredient in salads and traditional cuisine in Korea. To interpret the root proteins, a systematical and targeting analysis were carried out from diploid and tetraploid roots. Two dimensional gels stained with CBB, a total of 39 differential expressed proteins were identified from the diploid root under in vivo condition using image analysis by Progenesis Same Spot software. Out of total differential expressed spots, 39 differential expressed protein spots (≥ 1.5-fold) were analyzed using LTQ-FTICR mass spectrometry. Except two proteins, the rest of the identified proteins were confirmed as down-regulated such as Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Proteasome subunit alpha type-2-B. However, the most of the identified proteins from the explants were mainly associated with the oxidoreductase activity, nucleic acid binding, transferase activity and catalytic activity. The exclusive protein profile may provide insight clues for better understanding the characteristics of proteins and metabolic activity in various explants of the economically important medicinal plant Platycodon grandiflorum.

기수산 2배체 일본재첩(Corbicula japonica)의 정자형성과정 및 정자의 미세 구조적 특징을 전자현미경 관찰에 의해 조사하였다. 세포학적 조사 결과, 기수산 2배체인 일본재첩의 정자 길이는 약 55이다. 정자 두부(길이 약 12)는 길게 신장되어 있으며 약간 구부러져 있다. 정핵 길이는 7.90 , 첨체 길이는 약 2.70 이다. 정자의 핵과 첨체의 형태는 각각 긴 화살 모양과 길다란 원추 모양을 나타낸다. 본 종(체외수정, 자웅이체, 난생종

생리적 형질인 수온과 염분에 대한 내성을 양적 형질로 개발하기 위하여 은어의 정상 발생 2배체 (2N-cont),극체형 2배체 (meiotic-G2N), 난할형 2배체 (mitotic-G2N) 및 2종류의 clone (clone-11, clone-15)의 부화 자어를 대상으로 유전적 변이성을 조사했다. 수온은 19. 22.5, 25. 그리고 30.로 설정하였고 각 수온구에 0, 15 및 30의 염분구를 조합하여 12개의 실험구를 만들어 조사했다. 평균

은어의 자성발생 2배체를 유도하기 위해 자외선에 의한 정자의 유전적 불활성화 및 수정 난의 제 2감수분열과 제 1난할을 저지하기 위한 조건을 검토했다. 정자에 3,000~14,000 erg의 자외선을 조사하였는데 그 결과 3,000 erg를 조사한 시험구에서 89.3%의 높은 생존율을 보였으나 선량이 증가될수록 생존율이 저하했으며 7,000 erg의 자외선을 조사했을 때 생존율이 다시 회복되었다. 따라서 은어의 자성발생 2배체 유도시 정자를 유전적으로