The office building more than 3,000㎡ of the total floor area should be needed to improve the energy efficiency based on government's recommendation. In this study, the new composite panel with structural function is conducted to check the thermal conductivity for application of exterior wall. The thermal transmittance was calculated by dynamic analysis to consider the thickness of insulation only per locations based on design criteria. The simulation program for the analysis was used TRISCO Radcon module, which has a function of a steady-state 3-dimensional heat transfer analysis.

국내·외에서 대기오염에 대한 관심이 점점 증가함에 따라 자동차 및 연료관련 분야의 연구자들은 새로운 엔진설계, 향상된 후처리장치, 청정연료 그리고 연료품질향상을 통해 자동차의 배출가스 감소를 위하여 지속적으로 노력해 왔다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 자동차의 증발가스와 성능, 환경성에 대해 살펴보고자 하였으며, 연료의 옥탄가 향상제로 쓰이는 바이오 에탄올, 바이오 부탄올, 바이오 ETBE (Ethyl Tertia ry Butyl Ether), MTBE (Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether)가 환경에 미치는 문제점에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 주로 휘발유의 옥탄가 향상제로 쓰이는 바이오 에탄올, 바이오 부탄올, 바이오 ETBE, MTBE가 휘발유 연료 특성 중 증발가스에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았으며, 바이오 연료 특성에 대한 가솔린 자동차의 가속 및 동력 성능을 살펴보았다. 실험결과 증발가스는 최대 1.04g/test로 모든 시험 연료가 국내 배출가스 기준에 부합함을 알 수 있었으며, 원료에 대한 증기압 측정 결과 바이오에탄올 15kPa, 바이오 부탄올 1.6k Pa로 E3급 연료 제조 시 바이오 부탄올 함유량을 늘리면 증기압과 증발가스 또한 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 바이오 연료의 종류에 따라 유사한 가속 및 동력 성능을 나타내었으며, 바이오 부탄올과 바이오 에탄올 비교 시 가속 성능이 약 3.9%, 출력은 0.8% 개선되었다.

In this study, it is estimated that ceramic membrane process which can operate stably in harsh conditions replacing existing organic membrane connected with coagulation, sedimentation etc. . Jar-test was conducted by using artificial raw water containing kaolin and humic acid. It was observed that coagulant (A-PAC, 10.6%) 4mg/l is the optimal dose. As a results of evaluation of membrane single filtration process (A), coagulation-membrane filtration process (B) and coagulation-sedimentation-membrane filtration process (C), TMP variation is stable regardless of in Flux 2 m3/m2･day. But in Flux 5 m3/m2･day, it show change of 1-89.3 kpa by process. TMP of process (B) and (C) is increased 11.8, 0.6 kpa each. But, the (A) showed the greatest change of TMP. When evaluate (A) and (C) in Flux 10 m3/m2･day, TMP of (A) stopped operation being exceeded 120 kpa in 20 minutes. On the other hand, TMP of (C) is increased only 3 kpa in 120 minutes. Through this, membrane filtration process can be operated stably by using the linkage between the pretreatment process and the ceramic membrane filtration process. Turbidity of treated water remained under 0.1 NTU regardless of flux condition and DOC and UV254 showed a removal rate of 65-85%, 95% more each at process connected with pretreatment. Physical cleaning was carried out using water and air of 500kpa to show the recovery of pollutants formed on membrane surface by filtration. In (A) process, TMP has increased rapidly and decreased the recovery by physical cleaning as the flux rises. This means that contamination on membrane surface is irreversible fouling difficult to recover by using physical cleaning. Process (B) and (C) are observed high recovery rate of 60% more in high flux and especially recovery rate of process (B) is the highest at 95.8%. This can be judged that the coagulation flocs in the raw water formed cake layer with irreversible fouling and are favorable to physical cleaning. As a result of estimation, observe that ceramic membrane filtration connected with pretreatment improves efficiency of filtration and recovery rate of physical cleaning. And ceramic membrane which is possible to operate in the higher flux than organic membrane can be reduce the area of water purification facilities and secure a stable quantity of water by connecting the ceramic membrane with pretreatment process.

Improving efficiency of the telecommunication is crucial to the development and growth of Korean economy. Recently, it has become important with the huge development of information technology and its greater potential for extensive impact on the rest of the economy. Hence, it is useful to determine the factors that help enhance efficiency in telecommunication and consider them in improving the evaluation model. This study applies DEA (data envelopment analysis) to evaluate the relative efficiency of 51 branches of a Korean telecommunication company. Using the super-efficiency approach, we tested outliers which may affect the results and ranked the efficient branches. A method of deriving key variables applied to business operation is proposed to identify the key performance indicators for evaluation that takes environmental (non-discretionary) factors into account. We used the extended CCR model proposed by Banker and Morey to investigate the influence of non-discretionary factor. The information provided by the model (slacks, weights) and the sensitivity analysis shows that the most important indicator that affects the branch performance is operating cost. The results of sensitivity analysis show that average efficient score decreases from 0.972 (base case) to 0.863 for CASE2-COST. The average score of the data proves the priority of operating cost over other indicators. The effect of environmental (non-discretionary) variable was found to be significant. The population effect was positive and improved overall efficiency by 0.91% on average. Non-discretionary factor plays a meaningful role explaining the performance of branches. The performance optimization report can help a manager of an inefficient branch to develop branch strategies. Managers can identify the top-performing units, study best practices and adopt the strategy to the organization.

PURPOSES :The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum mix design of the content of 100 % reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) for spray injection application with different binder types.METHODS:Literature review revealed that spray injection method is the one of the efficient and economical methods for repairing a small defective area on an asphalt pavement. The Rapid-Setting Polymer modified asphalt mixtures using two types of rapid setting polymers-asphalt emulsion and a quick setting polymer asphalt emulsion-were subjected to the following tests to determine optimum mix designs and for performance comparison: 1) Marshall stability test, 2) Retained stability test, 3) Wet track abrasion test, and 4) Dynamic stability test.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS :Type A, B, and C emulsions were tested with different mix designs using RAP aggregates, to compare the performances and determine the optimum mix design. Performance of mixtures with Type A emulsion exceeded that of mixtures with Type B and C emulsion in all aspects. In particular, Type A binder demonstrated the highest performance for WTAT at low temperature. It demonstrated the practicality of using Type A mixture during the cold season. Furthers studies are to be performed to verify the optimum mix design for machine application. Differences in optimum mix designs for machine application and lab application will be corrected through field tests.

본 연구에서는 풍하중을 받는 건물에 설치된 다중거동 복합 감쇠장치(MHD)의 성능을 평가하고, MHD 예비설계 절차를 제안하였다. MHD에 의해 증가된 등가감쇠비와 그에 따른 건축구조기준에 근거한 응답저감계수를 예상한 후, 풍하중 스펙트럼에 의해 생성된 풍하중을 사용하여 20층 철골구조물에 대한 시간이력 해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과를 통해 얻어진 층변위 및 층간변위 평균 응답 감소율은 각각 0.585 및 0.525로, 이는 제안한 예비설계과정에서 추정된 응답감소계수 0.6과 거의 동일한 수치임을 확인하였다. 이로부터 제안된 방법을 사용하여 MHD의 제어효과를 효과적으로 평가할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

고분자막이 가진 수투과능 한계와 비가역적 막오염에 의한 효율 저하는 막기반 수처리공정의 추가적인 경쟁력 확보를 위해 해결해야 하는 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 초고속 물투과 특성과 뛰어난 선택성을 지닌 Graphene oxide (GO)막 에 뛰어난 항균성을 가진 은나노(nAg)가 코팅된 막을 제작, 평가하였다. GO막 은 막오염 저감에 효과적일 수 있는 높은 친수성과 음표면전하와 같은 특성과 막오염에 취약할 수 있는 높은 비표면적과 뛰어난 흡착능력과 같은 특성을 동 시에 가진다. 따라서, 논란의 부분이 있는 GO막의 막오염에 대한 저항성의 확실한 향상을 위해 nAg를 적용하였다.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study was to determine the optimum ratio of mix design, for a reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content of 100%, for spray injection application. METHODS: A literature review revealed that spray injection is an efficient and cost-effective application for fixing small defective regions of an asphalt pavement. Rapid-setting polymer-modified asphalt mixtures prepared from two types of rapid-setting polymer asphalt emulsion were subjected to Marshall stability and wet track abrasion tests, in order to identify the optimum mix designs. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS : Different mix designs of type A and type B emulsions were prepared using RAP and virgin aggregates, in order to compare the performance and determine the optimum mix design. The performance of mixtures prepared with RAP was superior to that of mixtures containing virgin aggregates. Moreover, for optimum ratio of the design, the binder content prepared from RAP was set to 1~2% lower than that consisting of virgin aggregates. Compared to their Type A counterparts, type B mixtures consisting of a reactive emulsion performed better in the Marshall stability and wet track abrasion tests. The initial results confirmed the advantages associated with using RAP for spray injection applications. Further studies will be performed to verify the difference in the optimum mix design and performance obtained in the lab-scale test and tests conducted at the job site by using the spray injection machine.

PURPOSES : The field application and performance of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP), constructed by using the mechanical tube-feeding method, are evaluated in this study. METHODS: The location of the rebar was evaluated by using the MIRA system. The early-age CRCP performance was evaluated via visual survey, in which the crack spacing and crack width were examined. RESULTS: The location of longitudinal reinforcing bars was evaluated via MIRA testing and the results showed that the longitudinal rebars all lie within a given tolerance limit (±2.5 cm) of the target elevation. In addition, owing to the low temperature when the concrete was pured, the crack spacing in the Dae-Gu direction is slightly wider than that of the Gwang-Ju direction. Almost all of the crack spacings lay within the range of 1.0 m~3.0 m. A crack width of <0.3 mm was measured at the pavement surface. However, as revealed by the field survey, the crack spacing was not correlated with the crack width. CONCLUSIONS : In CRCP constructed by using the mechanical tube-feeding method, almost all of the longitudinal reinforcing bars lay within the tolerance limit (2.5 cm) of the target elevation. The concrete-placing temperature affects the crack spacing, owing to variations in the zero-stress temperature. Crack survey results show that there is no correlation between the crack spacing and crack width in CRCP.

GNPs have several excellent mechanical properties including high strength, a good young’s modulus, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, electronic shielding, etc. In this study, CF/GNP/Epoxy composites were manufactured using GNP weight ratios of 0.15 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.7 wt% and 1 wt%. The composites were manufactured with a mechanical method (3-roll-mill). Tensile, impact and wear tests were performed according to ASTM standards D3039, D256 and D3181, respectively. The results show that the CF/GNP0.3wt%/Epoxy composites have good mechanical properties, e.g., tensile strength and impact and wear resistance. In this study, both carbon fabric and GNPs were used as reinforcements in the composites. The mechanical properties increased and weight loss decreased as the GNP content in the resin films was increased.

우리나라는 1980년대 초 절충교역 제도를 도입하여 국가 경제발전 및 국방 전력증강의 수단으로 활용하고 있으며 2010년까지 백억 달러가 넘는 가치를 절충교역으로 획득하였다. 그러나 한편으로 그간 절충교역 제도의 실효성에 대해 지속적으로 의문이 제기되어온 것이 사실이다. 현실적으로 절충교역을 통해 획득한 기술의 성과를 객관적으로 분석, 산출한다는 것은 매우 어려운 과제이며 이에 따라 정량적인 성과분석은 매우 제한적으로 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 보다 깊이 있는 성과분석을 통하여 절충교역 활용 현황을 파악하고 이를 기반으로 향후 절충교역 제도의 발전방향을 제안하였다.먼저, 기존 성과분석 관련 문헌조사를 통해 절충교역 성과분석을 위한 조사지표를 도출하여 설문서를 작성하였으며, 각 수혜기관, 업체를 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 또한 각 군, 정부기관 및 연구소, 업체 소속 절충교역 분야 전문가를 대상으로는 정성적인 측면에서 제도의 성과, 실효성에 대한 설문을 실시하여 그 결과를 분석하였다. 그리고 최근 3개년 동안의 사업에서 획득한 기술들을 대상으로 DEA 기법을 활용하여 성과 창출의 효율성을 살펴보았다. 성과분석 및 설문조사 결과, 공통적으로 기술적 측면에서는 긍정적인 성과가 있었으나 경제적인 부분에서는 성과가 상대적으로 저조했으며 설문결과도 이와 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 토대로 절충교역 제도는 신정부의 정책방향에 발맞춰 기존 핵심기술 획득 위주의 정책에서 대⋅중소기업 상생, 방위산업 활성화를 통한 국가경제 기여를 위해 그 추진방향의 전환이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

목적 : 인간작업모델에 기초하여 개발된 직업 관련 평가 중 상호 보완적으로 사용가능한 근로자역할인식면담도구(Worker Role Interview; WRI)와 작업수행 평가도구(Assessment of Work Performance; AWP)를 소개하고 향후 직업재활 분야에서 인간작업모델의 적용 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 연구 참여자는 지체장애인으로 경도의 정신지체 증상이 있으며 왼쪽 손에 약간의 경직성 증상과 손가락 움직임에 제한이 있는 만 42세 남성 1명이다. 대상자의 심리사회적·환경적 요인을 측정하기 위해 WRI를 사용했으며 전반적 업무 수행 능력을 측정하기 위해 AWP를 사용하였다. 결과 : AWP와 WRI 평가 결과 대상자는 일을 하는데 있어 신체적 측면에서는 무리 없이 업무 수행이 가능했지만 일에 대한 만족도가 낮았으며 다른 직업으로의 이직 의도가 관찰되었다. 결론 : 본 연구는 장애인에게 초기 직업재활 서비스를 제공할때 신체적 측면과 함께 심리사회적·환경적 변수의 측정이 중요함을 시사하고 측정된 여러 변수들은 내담자의 잠재력을 결정한다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to evaluate of field application and laboratory performance of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) according to the dosage rate of organic-based WMA additive. METHODS: Three asphalt mixtures, i.e., hot mix asphalt (HMA), WMA with the dosage rate of 1.5%, WMA with the dosage rate of 1.0%, were sampled from the asphalt plant when the field trial project were constructed. With these mixtures, the laboratory testings were performed to evaluate the linear viscoelastic characteristics and the resistance to moisture, rutting and fatigue damage. RESULTS : From the laboratory test results, it was found that the WMA with the reduced dosage rate of additive would be comparable to HMA and WMA with the original dosage rate in terms of the dynamic modulus, tensile strength ratio, rutting resistance. However, the fatigue reisistance of WMA with the reduced dosage rate was slightly worse but it should be noted that the fatigue performance is necessarily predicted by combining the material properties and pavement structure. CONCLUSIONS: Through the field construction and laboratory testings, the dosage rate of organic-based WMA additive could be reduced from 1.5% to 1.0% without the significant decrease of compactability and laboratory performance. The long-term performance of the constructed pavement will be periodically monitored to support the findings from this study.

목적: 본 연구는 하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈 재료에 iron (Ⅱ) phthalocyanine와 magnesium phthalocynin을 첨가하여 친수성 안의료용 콘택트렌즈를 중합한 후 물리적 및 광학적 특성을 평가하였다. 방법: 첨가제를 HEMA, NVP, MMA와 함께 공중합하였으며, 교차결합제로 EGDMA를 사용하였다. 또한 개시제로 AIBN을 사용하였다. 그리고 제조된 렌즈의 물리적, 광학적 특성을 평가하기 위해 굴절률, 함수율, 분광투과율, 인장강도 및 접촉각을 측정하였다. 또한 제조된 고분자의 자외선 차단성과 친수성 착색 콘택트렌즈의 기능성 염료로서의 활용도를 알아보았다. 결과: 제조된 콘택트렌즈의 물리적 특성을 측정한 결과 굴절률은 1.4320∼1.4330, 함수율은 38.53∼39.34%, UV-B 투과율은 33.8∼65.5%, 접촉각은 53.89∼64.45° 그리고 인장강도는 0.2790∼0.3137 kgf의 범위로 각각 측정되었다. 측정결과 magnesium phthalocyanine와 iron (Ⅱ) phthalocyanine의 첨가가 자외선의 투과율을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났으며, reference와 비교하여 접촉각은 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: Iron (Ⅱ) phthalocyanine와 magnesium phthalocyanine를 첨가한 고분자의 경우, 함수율과 굴절률을 변화시키지 않으면서 자외선을 차단할 수 있는 재료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This paper presents the design, fabrication and performance of a reinforced concrete beam strengthened by GFRP box plate and its possibility for structural rehabilitations. The load capacity, ductility and failure mode of reinforced concrete structures strengthened by FRP box plate were investigated and compared with traditional FRP plate strengthening method. This is intended to assess the feasibility of using FRP box plate for repair and strengthening of damaged RC beams. A series of four-point bending tests were conducted on RC beams with or without strengthening FRP systems the influence of concrete cover thickness on the performance of overall stiffness of the structure. The parameters obtained by the experimental studies were the stiffness, strength, crack width and pattern, failure mode, respectively. The test yielded complete load-deflection curves from which the increase in load capacity and the failure mode was evaluated.

Environmental problems such as global warming become social issues today. It is reported that increasing energy consumption has affected on these environmental issues. Buildings deploys 40 percent of the raw materials in the world while at the same time they emit over 35 percent of the total CO2, so that it utilize over 50 percent of the whole energy in the world. At this point, energy saving though effective building control may eventually bring social, environmental and economical effects. Thus, this study will explore the difference between measured temperature and monitored temperature for operating air control system in the building, to which BEMS is applied. Also, it will suggest a method to accurately predict the load of air-conditioning, and will examine the different amounts of the load according to the temperature as well as the reduced amount of the load through changes of operation standard temperature.

PURPOSES : This study evaluated the field applicability and laboratory performance of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) as an alternative technology in asphalt pavement. METHODS : The pilot road using two different types of WMA mixture and one HMA mixture was constructed in Waegwan-Seokjeok road construction site and the mixtures were sampled at the asphalt plant for laboratory testings. The field applicability was assessed in environmental aspects, such as CO2 emission, and in aspects of constructibility using the existing equipment and procedure, i.e., thickness and density measurement. The laboratory testings included the moisture susceptibility test by AASHTO T283, dynamic modulus test, triaxial repeated load permanent deformation test, and the fatigue test. RESULTS : The temperatures for production and compaction of WMA were 20~30℃ lower than those for HMA and therefore, the noxious gas emission were significantly reduced. The field density of WMA pavements was similar or better than that of HMA pavement. From the laboratory testings, it was found that WMA mixtures exhibit comparable performance to HMA mixture in moisture susceptibility, permanent deformation, and fatigue performance. CONCLUSIONS : With these results, it would be concluded that WMA could replace the existing HMA technology without any significant issue. To support this conclusion, it is necessary to track the long-term performance of WMA in pilot road.