In South Korea, low fertility rate has become a big social issue, making the term ‘ultra low fertility rate’ common. Currently, South Korea, like many other leading industrialized countries, is coping with the problem of low fertility with a focus on the work-life balance policy. Unfortunately, South Korea’s work-life balance policy has been criticized as not so successful. Especially, it has been pointed out that the policy effects are being compromised because ‘it is not because there is no system, but the existing system does not work properly.’ This means that work-life balance policy in South Korea has a structural and fundamental problem. In this regard, it is necessary to reflect on policy discourses and instruments that determine the goals, directions and content of the policy. The result of the analysis in this paper reveals that South Korea’s work-life balance policy consists of the discourse of ‘raising the fertility rate’ and its policy instruments. It mobilizes citizens for the national goals of social reproduction and sustainable growth. It could be said that this reversal of purpose and means was because the policy makers and executives were buried in developmentalist thinking―in pursuit of materialistic social development. In this respect, in order for South Korea’s work-life balance policy to be on its way, it is urgently required that it should shift its policy paradigm to change practices and cultures. This paper argues that such a paradigm shift should be based on a ‘Social Quality Approach’. Only when we pursue humanistic social development in the planning and implementation of policies and continue to monitor and supplement related systems under this stance, can we achieve a stable and effective work-life balance policy.

Background : Several studies have suggested different arguments for the effect of stretching exercises and core muscle exercises on flexibility and balance ability. Objective : To determine the effects of stretching exercises and core muscle exercise on flexibility and balance ability. Design : Quasi experimental research Method : The study applied exercise interventions (three sessions per week for 6 weeks) on 40 subjects. The subjects were divided into stretching and core muscle exerciseing groups to identify the change of flexibility and balance ability. Sit- and- reach test results and hip hyperextension were measured for identifying changes in flexibility, and the Romberg test and Pedalo stabilizer were used for changes in balance ability. Results : Both the stretching exercise and core muscle exercise groups showed a statistically significant increase in flexibility (p<.05). However, the stretching exercise group showed a statistically significant increase in balance ability (p<.05), whereas the core muscle exercise group showed partially statistically significant differences in this par t(p>.05). In the analysis of the differences in the amount of change in flexibility, based on the types of exercise, stretching exercises showed a significant difference (p<.05), whereas a significant difference was not found in the amount of change in balance ability (p>.05). Conclusions : These findings indicate that stretching exercises are the more effective intervention for improving and maintaining flexibility, whereas there is no difference between stretching and core muscle exercises with respect to improving balance ability.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 작업균형 평가를 위한 한글판 라이프밸런스 척도(Korean version of Life Balance Inventory; K-LBI)를 개발하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 라이프밸런스 척도(Life Balance Inventory; LBI)의 한국어 번역, 역 번역, 원저자 검토의 과정의 거쳐 번역본을 완성하였으며 내용타당도 검증을 위해 13명의 작업치료사에게 LBI의 한국어 번역본에 포함된 53개 항목의 적합도에 대한 응답을 5점 리커트 척도로 수집하여 Item-level Content Validity Index(I-CVI)를 산출하였다. 수렴타당도는 한국판 세계보건기구 삶의 질 간편형 척도(WHO Quality of Life-Brief; WHOQOL-BREF), 한글판 Short Form-12 Health Survey Questionnaire version 2(SF-12v2)와의 상관계수를 통해 검증하였다. 신뢰도 검증을 위해 내적일치도 및 검사-재검사 신뢰도 분석을 실시했다. 결과 : 165명의 대상자에게 조사한 설문을 통해 내용타당도를 검증한 결과, K-LBI에 포함된 53개 항목의 I-CVI의 평균은 0.79로 나타났다. 수렴타당도 분석에서 K-LBI의 총괄 점수와 한국판 WHOQOL-BREF와 한글판 SF-12v2의 정신적 건강 지수(Mental Component Score; MCS)와의 상관계수는 각각 .356(p=.01), .490(p=.01)로 확인되었다. 신뢰도 검증 결과, 노인과 성인 집단에서 도출된 Cronbach’s α값은 각각 .875, .831였다. 결론 : K-LBI는 타당도와 신뢰도를 갖춘 작업균형 평가도구로 확인되었으며, 활동 참여에 대한 만족도 저하, 혹은 참여하고 있는 활동 영역 간에 불균형으로 인해 작업적 불균형을 경험하는 대상자들에게 적용하여 평가함으로써 일상생활 양식의 개선을 통한 건강증진 목적의 평가도구로 활용가능하다.

Background: Compared to healthy people, patients with chronic lower back pain have reduced balance abilities which may cause proprioception problems, patients with chronic lower back pain avoid physical activities due to pain, and reduced activity levels lead to muscle weakening, which can further exacerbate pain. Recently, there have been many studies on the use of sensory stimulation; and among these studies, interventions that use vibrational stimulation have shown functional improvements in the patients. Objects: This study examined the effects of a stabilization exercise with vibration stimulation on the balance ability and disability in patients with chronic back pain. Methods: The subjects of the study were 30 persons who were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group, with 15 subjects in each. The subjects were evaluated before and after intervention via a balance ability test, the Korean Oswestry disability index (KODI) test, a pain test, and a proprioceptive sensory test. Both groups received general physical therapy. The experimental group performed the stabilization exercise with vibration stimulation, and the control group performed a general stabilization exercise, three times a week for six weeks. Results: After the intervention, both groups showed significant improvements in the balance ability test, the KODI test, the pain test, and the proprioceptive sensory test. The experimental group showed statistically significant, higher improvements than the control group in the balance ability test, the KODI test, and the proprioceptive sensory test. Conclusions: The stabilization exercise with vibration stimulation for patients with chronic back pain has been reported to provide greater functional improvements than the conventional intervention method. Therefore, the stabilization exercise in a vibration stimulation environment could be a useful intervention for patients with chronic back pain.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of lumbar rotational mobilization under the single-leg standing (SLS) position. Fifteen healthy individuals were recruited, and randomized to agroup of trunk rotational exercise (TRE) and lumbar rotational mobilization (LRM). Trunk twist rotational exercise was performed to the TRE group, and mobilization was applied to the LRM group on the lumbar spine. Velocity of the center of pressure (VCOP) and center of pressure (COP) for each participant were measured through SLS. COPs were not significantly increased or decreased after treatment in both groups. VCOPs also did not change considerably except on the right side when the eye was closed. There was no significant difference between COPs and VCOPs in two groups. This study suggests that trunk rotation exercise and lumbar rotation mobilization would have similar effects on balance ability.

The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in balance and proprioception of adults with limited ankle joint dorsiflexion, after the application of talocrural joint mobilization. The subjects of this study included 23 college students in their twenties with limited ankle joint dorsiflexion. The students were randomly assigned to the ankle joint mobilization group (AJMG, n=12) and the control group (CG, n=11). After 2 weeks of intervention using grade III talocrural joint mobilization in the anterior-posterior movement, the balance and proprioception of the subjects were assessed. Static/dynamic balance capabilities and ankle proprioception were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test. The dynamic balance and proprioception of AJMG were significantly improved after intervention (p<.05), In the comparison between the groups after the intervention, the dynamic balance and proprioceptive sense of AJMG were significantly improved compared to the control group (p<.05). This study suggests that AJMG can help improve the dynamic balance and proprioception.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching exercise and joint mobilization on ankle joint range of motion (ROM), plantar pressure, and balance in subjects with stroke. Thirty patients (n=30) were organized into three groups, each of which received different treatments: PNF stretching (n=10), joint mobilization (n=10), and joint mobilization and PNF stretching combined (n=10). Each group received three exercise sessions per week for four weeks. The ankle ROM was measured using a goniometer, and plantar pressure and balance ability were measured using BioResque static posturography. In comparison within each group, the joint mobilization group and the joint mobilization with PNF stretching group showed significant improvements in ankle ROM, plantar pressure, and balance ability (p<.05). In comparison between the groups, a statistically significant difference was found in SECS change between the PNF stretching group, joint mobilization group and the joint mobilization with PNF stretching group. This study found demonstrates that the joint mobilization and joint mobilization with the PNF stretching methods were effective in improving ankle ROM, plantar pressure, and balance ability in stroke patients.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the comparison of balance and muscle strength between dominant and non-dominant legs in adults. Thirty adults in their 20s participated in this study. The dominant and non-dominant legs were selected based on the dominant hands of the target. The subject's muscle strength of legs was measured with Nicholas MMT, and the balance was measured with BIO-Rescue. We compared the dominant and non-dominant legs based on the results. The result, indicated no statistical difference on balance and muscle strength between dominant and non-dominant legs(p>.05). The results of this study will be helpful in setting the effective treatment direction and treatment level, and in controlling posture, balance and motor function.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sling exercise on muscle activity and balance on football players with chronic ankle instability. Eight subjects performed Biodex and sling exercises for four weeks and compared the muscle activity and balance ability of the uninjured and injured feet. Stable and unstable foot % MVIC did not change significantly after treatment in all muscles. The total balance ability was not significantly different between the two groups, however, increased only in the unstable side. The anterior/posterior balance ability also represented no significant difference between the groups and was significantly improved only in the unstable side. The medial/lateral balance ability was not significantly different between the groups and was significantly improved only in the unstable side. This study suggests that sling exercise contributes to improving % MVIC, total balance ability, anterior/ posterior balance ability, and medial/lateral balance ability of the unstable side.

오늘날 다수의 조직에서는 인적자원관리의 목표 달성을 위해 조직구성원의 일에 대한 정체성 변화와 함께 직무요구와 직무자원 간에 능동적으로 균형을 이루어 가는 잡 크래프팅(Job Crafting) 행동이 요구된다. 잡 크래프팅은 구성원이 직무설계 및 사회적 환경을 변화시키는 자발적이고 적극적인 행동을 추하게 한다. 조직구성원의 WLB 지각과 잡 크래프팅에 대해 관심을 갖는 개인과 기업이 증가하고 있다. 이에 반해 두 변인의 관계에 대한 깊이 있는 연구는 제한되어 있는 현실이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 조직구성원의 WLB 지각이 적응적 행동을 매개로 하여 잡 크래프팅에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 실증연구를 진행하기 위해 국내 기업체 근로자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고 총 487부의 설문자료를 최종분석에서 표본으로 사용하였다. 설문지는 WLB 지각, 적응적 행동, 잡 크래프팅의 변인으로 구분된다. 잡 크래프팅은 Tims, Bakker, & Derks(2012)가 개발한 4가지 구성요인, 즉 구조적 직무자원 증가(increasing structural job resource), 사회적 직무자원 증가(increasing social job resource), 도전적 직무요구 증가(increasing challenging job demand), 방해적 직무요구 감소(decreasing hindering job demand)로 구성되었다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 적응적 행동이 WLB 지각과 잡 크래프팅의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 적응적 행동은 WLB 지각과 잡 크래프팅의 하위요소인 구조적 직무자원 증가, 사회적 직무자원 증가 및 도전적 직무요구 증가 및 방해적 직무요구 감소와의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 시사점, 한계 및 향후 과제를 제시하였다.

최근 일-가정 이슈에 대한 관심이 증대되면서 일-가정갈등을 중심으로 학자들의 연구노력이 지속되어 왔다. 일-가정갈등의 관점에서는 일-가정 이슈를 해결하기 위하여 업무요구를 줄이든가 혹은 업무여건을 개선해야 한다고 보고 있다. 궁극적으로는 일-가정 문제를 해결하기 위하여 기업들이 물리적인 환경을 개선해 주어야 하겠지만, 단기적인 측면에서 이러한 업무여건 개선이 어려우므로, 조직구성원들의 심리적 상태와 변화에 초점을 맞추는 방안을 모색해야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 JD-R모형을 바탕으로 동일한 업무여건 하에서 조직구성원이 인지하는 심리적 요인이 일-가정균형만족에 어떠한 과정을 통해 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 일반적으로 구성원들은 실질적으로 가정과 직장에서 요구되는 역할을 성실히 수행함으로써 일-가정균형만족을 얻을 수 있다. 하지만, 현실적인 직장여건 속에서 두 가지 역할을 모두 성실히 수행하는데 어려움이 따른다. 이에, 실질적으로 두 역할을 성공적으로 수행해 내지 못하더 라도 다른 어떠한 요인에 의해서 심리적인 만족감을 높일 수 있는 경우에 대해 생각해 보아야 한다. 이러한 측면에서 직무요구에 해당하는 역할과부하가 일-가정균형만족에 영향을 미치는 과정에 대해 가정 친화적 조직지원인식과 가정 친화적 상사지원인식이 어떠한 영향을 미칠 수 있는지에 대해 확인하였다. 이를 위해, 기혼 직장인 353명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 분석결과 역할과부하는 일-가정 균형만족을 감소시키는 요인임이 확인되었고, 이들 관계를 가정 친화적 조직지원인식과 가정 친화적 상사 지원인식이 조절하는 것으로 확인되었다. 하지만, 조절효과의 방향성에 있어서 JD-R모형을 통해 기대했던 바와 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 사회교환이론을 중심으로 이에 대한 추가적인 논의를 제시하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 본 연구는 일-가정균형만족의 개념적 중요성을 강조하고 가정 친화적 업무환 경을 조성해야 할 필요성을 확인함으로써 기존 연구의 공백을 메우는 등의 학문적 의의를 가지며, 조직의 인적자원 관리의 측면에서 가이드라인을 제시하였다는 점에서 실무적 의의를 가진다. 마지막 부분에서는 연구의 한계점을 정리하고 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

Different laboratory strains of Drosophila melanogaster are reported to differ considerably in their physiology, behavior, and life-histories, due to their adaptations to different laboratory conditions. Recent advances in insect aging research have highlighted the importance of protein:carbohydrate (P:C) balance as a key dietary determinant of lifespan and other components of fitness, but it remains unexplored whether P:C balance affects the fitness-related traits of D. melanogaster in a strain-specific manner. The purpose of this study was to compare the life-history consequences of six different laboratory strains of D. melanogaster (three Canton-S substrains, w1118, yw, and Oregon-R) allocated to four synthetic diets differing in P:C ratio (1:16, 1:4, 1:1, or 4:1). Five components of fitness (lifespan, fecundity, larval viability, development time, and body mass) were recorded from flies maintained at 25oC under L:D 12:12 photoperiod. All strains exhibited qualitatively similar responses to dietary P:C balance, with the increase in P:C ratio being associated with shortened lifespan and improved egg production. In all strains, fly larvae confined to P:C 1:16 suffered high mortality, retarded growth, and reduced body size. As indicated by significant diet×strain interactions for all measured fitness components, the magnitude of such diet effect varied among different laboratory strains in D. melanogaster. Possible explanations for such strain differences are discussed.

We investigated the effect of different exercise intensities on biomarkers of oxidant-antioxidant balance, inflammation, and muscle damage. Eighteen healthy and untrained male subjects were enrolled.Subjects were randomly and equally assigned to a moderate-intensityexercise(MIE, 65%VO2max) group(n=9) or a high-intensity exercise(HIE, 85%VO2max) group(n=9).Blood samples were collectedimmediately pre-exercise, post-exercise, and 60min post-exercisetoexamine oxidant-antioxidant balance(d-ROMs; BAP), inflammation(CRP; fibrinogen), muscle damage(CK; LDH), and lactate. Serum d-ROMs and BAP levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared with pre-exercise levels in HIE group(p<0.05). Lactate levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared pre-exercise levels in both the MIE and HIE groups(p<0.05). In addition, post-exercise serum d-ROMs and plasma lactate levels were significantly higher in the HIE group than in the MIE group(p<0.05). These results suggest that although relatively high-intensity exercises may increase oxidative stress levels in the body, they do not produce inflammatory response and/or muscle damage.

목적 : 본 연구는 급성기 뇌졸중 환자에서 동작관찰 체간훈련이 체간조절능력, 균형, 일상생활수행능력에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 2017년 7월 3일부터 2018년 4월 30일까지 전북 익산 소재의 W 대학병원에 입원한 급성기 뇌졸중 환자 14명을 실험군과 대조군으로 무작위 할당하였다. 두 군 모두 일반적인 물리·작업치료를 실시하였다. 추가적으로 실험군에는 동작관찰 체간훈련을, 대조군은 풍경관찰 체간훈련을 각 1일 1회 30 분, 주 5회, 총 3주간 실시하였다. 치료 중재 전·후 체간조절능력을 측정하기 위해 체간 손상 척도 (Trunk Impairment Scale; TIS), 균형능력을 측정하기 위해 수정된 기능적 팔 뻗기 검사(Modified Functional Reach Test; M-FRT)와 버그균형척도(Berg Balance Scale; BBS)를 사용하였고, 일상생활활동 수행능력을 평가하기 위해 한국판 수정된 바델 지수(Korean version of Modified Barthel Index; K-MBI)을 사용하였다. 결과 : 3주 중재 후, 두 그룹에서 중재 전·후 체간조절능력, 균형, 일상생활수행능력에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며 (p<.05), 중재 후 두 그룹 간 변화량의 차이는 TIS와 M-FRT에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 결론 : 본 연구 결과 동작관찰 체간훈련이 급성기 뇌줄중 환자의 체간조절능력, 균형, 일상생활수행능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 중재 방법으로 나타났다. 따라서 기립 훈련기에서 동작관찰 체간훈련은 급성기 뇌졸중 환자에게 능동적이고 동적인 체간훈련을 제공할 수 있는 새로운 중재 방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

Background: At present time, smartphones have become very popular and powerful devices, and smartphone applications with the good validity have been designed to assess human balance ability. Objects: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of smartphone acceleration in the assessment of postural control ability for six different conditions. Methods: Twenty healthy college-aged individuals volunteered. Static balance ability was measured twice with one-day interval using smartphone application and 3D motion capture system under the six different conditions. Results: Dominant frequencies for each test condition did not show significant differences except for two conditions. The intra-rater correlation coefficient between the first and second tests showed high correlations in six conditions(r>.70, p<.05). Smartphone acceleration and the acceleration calculated from the 3D marker position data showed high correlation coefficient(r>.80, p<.001). Conclusion: Acceleration recorded from a smartphone could be useful assessment variables for balance test in the clinical field.

본 연구는 S시 N구 소재의 T의원에 내원환자 중 경추 단순방사선촬영(X-ray) 후 Cobb’s angle 35°이하 또는 Jochumsen’s depth 3mm이하로 경추후만곡이 나타나고 자세 불균형이 있는 참가자 12명을 대상으로 선정하여 기능교정이 경추 만곡도와 자세균형에 미치는 효과를 분석 하고자 실시하였다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 단일군 전후 실험 설계(one group pre test-post test design)로 연구 참가자에게 주 2회 20분씩 기능교정 치료를 8주간 실시하였다. 사전조사로 치료 전 상담과 경추부 Lateral view X-ray 촬영과 Exbody 720 체형분석기를 이용하여 신체의 우측면을 촬영을 하였다. 사후조사는 기능교정 치료 후 Lateral view X-ray촬영과 Exbody 720 체형분석기 이용하여 신체의 우측면을 동일하게 촬영을 하였다. 각각 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 실증분석을 통하여 기능교정 치료 후에 경추후만곡 및 자세균형이 개선되는 결과를 얻어, 경추후만곡과 자세균형에 대한 기능교정 치료가 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 기능교정 치료가 병적 장애의 물리치료 및 삶의 질 향상에 기여하여 현대인의 신체적 균형을 이루어 2차적인 질병으로 진행되지 않도록 중재적 역할을 하여 일상생활에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구에서는 갈대군락의 영양염 물질수지 모델 구축을 위한 기초연구로서, 갈대군락 Mesocosm 실험을 통해 수층-갈대(뿌리, 잎, 줄기)-토양의 영양염(DIN, DIP) 농도의 춘계 및 하계 모니터링 결과를 이용하여 물질수지를 산정하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 갈대의 생체량은 춘계에는 지하경이 지상경에 비해 약 6.3~9.7% 높으며, 하계에는 지상경이 지하경에 비해 약 19.2~21.2% 높게 나타났으며, 갈대의 성장속도는 Mesocosm Tank A가 Mesocosm Tank D에 비해 지상경과 지하경 모두 2~3배 정도 빠르게 나타났다. 2) Mesocosm Tank에서의 갈대의 영양염(DIN, DIP) 농도는 춘계와 하계 모두 각각 2~3%로 차이가 적었다. 3) Mesocosm Tank별 생체량의 차이는 최대 23%로 나타나지만, 갈대가 흡수하는 영양염의 농도는 최대 3% 정도로 차이가 적었다.