The purpose of this study was to explore the importance level, the present level, and the educational need for 21 business ethics components among 2-year and 4-year college students majoring in fashion. Survey data of 364 students (128 students of 2-year colleges and 238 students of 4-year colleges) were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Borich’s needs assessment for education, The Locus for Focus model, exploratory factor analysis, and t-test. The results showed five business ethics components ranked highly as educational needs among college students: ‘reducing waste’, ‘using vegan materials’, ‘using human-friendly materials’, ‘strengthening sustainable technologies’, and ‘promoting workers’ rights’. Those components should be integrated into curricula of fashion majors in colleges. Students in 4-year colleges considered most of 21 business ethics components as more important than did students at 2-year colleges. More needs for education were observed by 4-year college students in eight business ethics components than by 2-year college students. In addition, a positive attitude toward business ethics education and the suitability of business ethics education were higher among 4-year college students than 2-year college students. Results provide a guideline for business ethics education by indicating a list of business ethics components that urgently needed to be adapted to fashion curricula according to each college type.

Under the new social background of the close relationship between intellectuals and businessman in the Ming Dynasty, “Sanyan and Erpai” broke the role design paradigm of opposition between intellectuals and businessman and shaped it in the works the new role of the integration of intellectuals and businessman. The design of this role is a true reflection of the convection phenomenon of social scholars and merchants at that time, and has new characteristics of the times. Different from ordinary intellectuals and ordinary businessmen, they have all experienced the choice of seeking official positions and doing business at the same time in their lives. They have the same skills in terms of mannerism, business spirit, and management wisdom. Different characteristics of the general merchant roles portrayed in literary works. In the late Ming Dynasty, the dual social characteristics of respecting Confucianism and respecting officials at the same time attaching importance to the commodity economy were the social roots of the author's design of this role. This role was also of practical significance on the stage of the real society at that time.

This research was undertaken to examine Masan’s regional food service industry, which experienced drastic changes due to liberation and the Korean war. Analysis of restaurant advertisements in ‘Masanilbo’ revealed a total of 92 restaurants during this period. The numbers of restaurants classified by the time periods are 18 (1946 to 1950), 27 (1951 to 1955), 17 (1956 to 1960), and 30 (1961 to 1966). ‘Gomguk’ gained popularity in the early 1900s and became a speciality of Masan, resulting in the appearance of numerous Gomguk restaurant advertisements. After independence, Japanese foods were predominant in Masan since the population was used to eating Japanese dishes during the colonial era. Moreover, there was a major influence of the people who returned to the homeland. Masan was the place for refugees during the 6.25 war, resulting in the popularity of ‘Naengmyeon’; advertisements largely displayed ‘Pyeongyangnaengmyeon’ during the early 1950s, and ‘Hamheungnaengmyeon’ during the early 1960s. Western food advertisements usually introduced ‘Dongaseu’ and ‘Kareraiseu’, which were deeply influenced by Japanese culture. These various contributions resulted in alterations in the food menu, such as the rise of fusion food which is not bound to any nation, spread of Japanese food culture, and popularity of ‘Naengmyeon’.

본 View Point에서는 COVID-19으로 초래된 사회 경제적 새로운 질서(New Normal)에서 데이터 산업의 성장 가능성을 조망하고 데이터 비즈니스가 산업생태계에서 생존하는 데 필요한 요소와 전략을 살펴본다. 비대면 사회로의 전환은 데이터의 양적 팽창과 함께 집중화 현상 촉진으로 이어지고 있다. 국가적으로 데이터 산업생태계의 발전 전략을 수립하고 자본의 흐름이 뒤따르고 있는 지금은 데이터 비즈니스에 기회의 시기라고 할 수 있다. 특정 데이터 비즈니스가 산업 생태계에서 생존하고 성장하기 위해서는 안정적인 데이터 품질을 기반으로 경쟁사 대비 비교우위에 있는 품질 속성을 파악해야 하고 특히 어떤 비즈니스 세분화 영역에 해당하는지를 판단할 수 있어야 불필요한 자원투입의 낭비를 막고 효율적인 투자를 할 수 있다.

본 연구에서는 우리나라 대형통신기업을 대상으로 2000년에서 2019년까지의 경영효율성을 측정하고 비교하였다. 그리고 도출된 경영효율성지수와 경기변동간의 상관관계에 대하여 실증분석을 하였다. 발견 된 사실들을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 1)우리나라 대형통신기업은 지난 20년간에 걸쳐 경영효율성수준이 하락하는 경향을 보여주었다. 2)통신 3사 중에서 SK텔레콤이 가장 높은 경영효율성을 보여주고 있고 KT 가 가장 낮은 효율성을 보여주고 있다. LG유플러스는 중간수준의 경영효율성을 보여주었다. 3)우리나라 통신3사는 규모의 수익 면에서 수익감소적인 경향을 보여주고 있으며 2010년 이후로 이러한 경향은 더욱 뚜렷해지고 있다. 4)통신3사의 경영효율성과 경기변동과의 상관관계에서는 매출역모형에서는 순경기순 환적으로 나타나고 있으나 부가가치모형에서는 역경기순환적으로 나타나고 있다. 5)통신기술의 도입과 통신시장 세계화에 대비하여 대형통신기업들의 경영효율성을 높일 수 있는 정책대안을 시급하게 강구해야할 것으로 생각된다.

This study enrolled enterprise business owners/managers in the U.S. as the subjects to investigate the relationship among four factors: personal motivation, the social expectation of stakeholders, business performance, and their CSR toward the local community. The research results showed that: (1) small enterprise’s perceived expectation from stakeholders has a positive effect on their decision to engage in CSR toward community; (2) their perception of business performance has a positive effect on their decision to engage in CSR toward the community. Based on these research results, public policymakers or relevant units are advised to further achieve the goal of nurturing a flourishing community by increasing awareness of stakeholder’s expectations for small enterprise’s CSR commitment. Also, it is clearly pronounced in this study that regardless of their personal motivation to support the local community, unless financially successful, small businesses are less likely to engage in CSR toward the local community. This result makes a good sense that having a successful business operation is a necessary condition for small enterprises to pay attention to a higher-level value such as CSR toward the local community.

In the ongoing project, the major building technology companies in Finland are joining forces to research and develop a platform based ecosystem in the intelligent building context. From the business perspective, one of the main question is which kind of business model is needed in the future ecosystem. Keywords: smart buildings; platform economy; ecosystem; business model innovations

This paper presents the results of qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews with CEO and Marketing managers among Swiss luxury watchmaking companies. We present the highlights on innovative business models and how it could create competitive advantage creation in the highly competitive Swiss luxury watchmaking industry.

Ecosystem firms have been dominantly implementing knowledge sharing and collaboration between consumer interest groups, business firms and technology platform vendors (Adner, 2016). The ecosystem businesses create new value through business activity arrangements and individual offerings of the shared assets, standards, and interfaces upon a technology platform (Adner, 2006). Face with the highly dynamic and competitive environment, the multisided ecosystem platform firms specifically design mobile app to generate more participation in co-creation of value (Roma & Vasi, 2019). Little research has been dedicated for mobile app developers to understand user’s context-centric and user’s personalistic-centric mobility to formulate diversification or specialization in the cocreation strategic process. Our work focuses on the ecosystem users and customers as focal stakeholders who experiencing the peer-to-peer ecosystem platforms via mobile application could perceive context-centric and personalistic-centric mobility to fit, to make identification, to cocreate value, and to contribute to the ecosystem by their equity.

Professional sport leagues are both commercial products and public products. As China’s sports leagues transition from state-governed properties to a more commercial model, professional sports are facing a crucial turning point on balancing stakeholders pertaining to its commercial/market value and social value. How to develop a sustainable business and management model of professional sports teams, fitting Chinese culture and the calls on free economy, has become a major challenge to scholars, practitioners and entrepreneurs in China’s sport industry. Every organisation has its relationships with many groups ("stakeholders") that affect and are affected by its decisions, which are dynamic in a constantly changing world. Stakeholder theory was developed through concerns regarding the nature of these relationships in terms of both processes and outcomes for both organisation and stakeholders, and the changing nature of the environment.

The general contractor business in South Korea settled in the railway construction during the Daehan Empire, but depending on the construction intention and circumstances of the railroad, relationship among employer-contractor-subcontractor and their roles under the system of the construction process had changed. At the time of laying the Gyeongin and Gyeongbu-rail, the Empire, which had no capital and technology, passed all the power and responsibility of the rail laying to the contractor, who was involved in most of the process. After this, the empire tried to lay Gyeongui-railroad without the help of other countries. Japan prepared for the Russo-Japanese War and decided to construct the railway rapidly, and completed the railway in parallel with direct management work and contract work. From that time on, the general contractor would only do the work. During the construction of railroad in Daehan empire, the general contract business system was established. The ambiguous process was sorted out and divided. At this time, subjects in charge of design and construction has been divided. The internal organization of the project owner and the contractor were organaized and specialized.

This study examines the interactional dynamics revealed through teasing humor in the context of a startup business meeting. Using a quasi-conversation analytic approach to details of talk, as well as ethnographic information concerning the community of practice, this study aims to illuminate the construction of professional identities shown in members' participation in teasing humor. The dataset consists of three video-recorded weekly business meetings of a startup (210 minutes) and a supplementary interview and observation notes. The analyses show that, in this business context, the members' identities (e.g., the CEO, the co-founders versus non-co-founders) were revealed in the dynamics of participation in teasing humor. Teasing humor was also found to contribute to finding creative solutions to challenging issues under discussion. The non-co-founders, in particular, found opportunities to participate in the major business discourse through this teasing. By participating in the teasing segments, they were able to present themselves as legitimate members of the startup. The findings are discussed to highlight the sociolinguistic norms of a professional community in creating a constructive business culture.

Chinese business teaching aims to train the ability of learners in language applying, workplace communicating and inter-culture communicating. By now, however, most of the researchers have focused on the teaching designing or the method improving. Few of the scholars noticed the three “inter” dimensions in business Chinese teaching: interdiscursivity, intersubjectivity and interculturality. In detail, the interdiscursivity means the relationship between the text reading and the context understanding, while the intersubjectivity refers to the relationship between teachers and learners. Moreover, the concept “Interculturality” means the way learners understand the different kinds of culture. The study on those three “inter” dimensions in business Chinese teaching could not only help teachers in method applying in business Chinese teaching, but also provide a more efficient way in reading, writing and understanding.

본 연구는 기존 분양⋅임대혼합아파트와 관련된 연구를 바탕으로 문헌조사를 실시하고, 현황과 문제점, 대책에 대해 논의해보고자 한다. 사회적 혼합이란 주거지 개발의 방향을 다양한 계층의 주민들이 한 장소에서 함께 거주하도록 도모한다는 뜻으로 ‘소셜믹스(Socail Mix)’라고도 불린다. 최근 우리나라에서는 일반 분양아파트와 공공임대아파트를 한 공간에 혼합하여 건설하는 소셜믹스 아파트 단지가 대규모로 지어지고 있다. 사회적 통합에 기여하고자 하는 긍정적 목적에도 불구하고 현재의 소셜믹스 단지는 입주민 간의 갈등과 임대아파트 주민의 사회적 배제현상까지 나타나 진정한 통합을 이루고 있지 못하다. 이러한 상황을 개선하기 위해서는 입주민간의 교류를 강화하고 지역공동체 의식을 함께 갖도록 하는 기회가 많이 마련돼야 할 것이다. 향후 소셜믹스 아파트 단지 거주자를 중심으로 한 질적 연구를 통해 실질적인 대책의 강구가 필요하다.

본 연구는 2016년부터 2019년까지 3년에 걸쳐 수행 된 파라과이 KOPIA 센터의 참깨 시범마을 사업의 경영성과와 투자타당성을 분석하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 시범사업 참여농가는 1,172천~2,928천Gs/ha의 수익이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 가구 기준으로 산출할 경우 연간 760$ 이상의 소득 증가가 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 시범사업 투자의 타당성에 대한 평가지표로 활용된 B/C Ratio는 1.52로 분석되어 경제적 타당성이 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 시범사업에 참여한 농가들의 만족도를 7점 척도로 분석한 결과 시범사업의 전반적인 만족도, 소득증가에 대한 만족도, 수량증가에 대한 만족도 모든 항목에 대해서 만족함, 매우 만족함에 응답하였다. 계속 참여의향 역시 매우 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 종자의 균일성에 대한 만족도가 6.9점으로 가장 높았다. 성공적으로 평가되는 파라과이 KOPIA센터의 참깨 시범마을 사업의 성공요인은 첫째, 적합품목의 선택, 둘째, 현지 적응 신품종의 선발 및 보급, 셋째, 수동파종기, 배무식 분무기, 공동경운을 도입하여 생산성을 향상하고, 노동력을 절감, 넷째, 적정시비량, 윤작체계, 친환경 엽면시비 등의 재배교육을 통해 농약과 비료비는 절감하고, 수확량 증가와 품질향상을 도모한 것 등이다. 특히, 수익성이 떨어지고 있는 목화의 대체품목이며, 생산 증가에도 가격하락 위험이 적은 수출품목인 참깨를 선발한 부분과, 단기간에 이루어지기 어려운 현지적합 품종을 선발했다는 점, 수동파종기와 배무식 분무기, 녹비작물, 지렁이액비 등 저소득 농업인이 지속적으로 수용 가능한 기술이 보급되었다는 점을 높이 평가할 수 있다.

비즈니스 선교의 용어와 개념이 세상에 소개된 지 20년이 되었고, 한국 선교계에 소개된 지 12년이 지났다. 새로운 선교 환경의 패러다임 에 적절히 대응할 수 있는 선교적 접근으로 비즈니스 선교를 구체적으로 고려할 때가 되었다. 이 연구는 다수 사례 연구로서, 힌두권의 한 도시에서 행해진 비즈니스 선교 사례들을 정리하고 분석했다. 이 연구 의 사례들은 모두 소규모의 비즈니스 선교 사례들이다. 이 연구의 사례들에서 발견한 점들은 다음과 같다. 초기 수년의 기간을 사업에 집중했을 때 사업의 매출 증대 뿐 아니라 안정화에 크게 도움을 주었다. 생존기에 시장과 고객에 신속히 적응하려고 노력하면 기업의 생존 가능성이 높아진다. 모든 사례들이 현지인을 주 고객으로 삼았다. 비즈니스 선교사들이 자신의 사역에 대해 전문 지식 없이 막연한 기대를 가지고 있었지만 유사한 지식이나 경험을 가졌고 전문가와 후원자들의 도움을 적극 받아들였다. 선교사들의 비즈니스 선교에 대한 이해에 따라 이들의 사역이 달랐고 사업의 성장도 다르게 나타났다.