교량은 국가의 사회경제 발전과 국민 안전에 중대한 영향을 미치는 중요한 인프라이다. 하지만 다수 의 국내 교량이 1970년대와 1980년대의 고도의 경제성장기에 완공되었으며, 현재 교량의 노후화 비중 은 전체 교량의 30%에 달하고 있다. 현재 노후화 교량에 대한 유지 보수 시스템의 부족으로 인해 교 량 붕괴 사고가 발생한 사례들이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 노후화가 진행되는 교량에 대해 효율적으로 관리하기 위한 우선순위 평가 모델 개발은 중요시된다. 본 연구에서는 개발한 유지관리 우선순위 모델 을 개발하였고, 이를 실제 교량에 대해 적용하여 평가하였다. 제안된 모델의 활용을 통해 위험에 노출 된 교량의 유지 보수 및 관리를 효율적이고 신뢰할 수 있게 수행할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Approximately 40,000 elevators are installed every year in Korea, and they are used as a convenient means of transportation in daily life. However, the continuous increase in elevators has a social problem of increased safety accidents behind the functional aspect of convenience. There is an emerging need to induce preemptive and active elevator safety management by elevator management entities by strengthening the management of poorly managed elevators. Therefore, this study examines domestic research cases related to the evaluation items of the elevator safety quality rating system conducted in previous studies, and develops a statistical model that can examine the effect of elevator maintenance quality as a result of the safety management of the elevator management entity. We review two types: odds ratio analysis and logistic regression analysis models.

우리나라 중소기업은 국내 경제에서 큰 비중을 차지하고 있으며, 특히 성장과 고용 측면에서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 그러나 중소기업은 기업의 성장을 위해 고숙련 인력을 확충하여 생산성을 높여가 야 함에도 불구하고, 인력 유치가 지속적으로 어려운 상황이다. 중소기업이 기업의 생산성을 제고하고 경 쟁우위를 확보하기 위해서는 인적자본의 고도화가 중요하다. 특히 빠르게 변화하는 기술 환경에 대응해 현장 적응력을 높이기 위해서는 조직구성원의 인적자원개발이 뒷받침되어야 한다. 본 연구는 그동안 선 행연구에서 다루지 않았던 혁신의 요인들, 즉 기업의 혁신활동과 연구개발투자, 조직 환경을 중심으로 중소기업의 인적자원개발에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 하였다. 특히 대기업과의 비교를 통해 상 대적으로 인력 확보 측면에서 열위에 있는 중소기업 인적자원개발의 위치를 파악하고자 하였다. 「사업 체패널조사」의 6~8차 자료를 활용하여 패널 로짓 모형을 통해 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 혁신활 동은 혁신활동의 요소에 따라 차별적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 중소기업과 대기업 모두 전반 적으로 영향력이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 연구개발투자는 중소기업의 인적자원개발을 촉진하는 요인 으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 조직환경 요인은 중소기업의 인적자원개발에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 대기업보다 중소기업에게 더 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 고숙련 인력 확보를 위해서는 연구개발투자와 조직 환경이 중소기업의 인적자원개발에 무엇보다 중요한 요소임을 나타내며, 이를 고려하여 중소기업이 효과적이고 전략적으로 인적자원개발 제도를 마련해야 함을 시사한다.

The development of advanced nuclear facilities is progressing rapidly around the world. Newly designed facilities have differences in structure and operation from existing nuclear facilities, so Safeguards by Design (SBD), which applies safeguards at the design stage, is important. To this end, designers should consider the safeguardability of nuclear facilities when designing the system. Safeguardability represents a measure of the ease of safeguards, and representative evaluation methodologies are Facility Safeguardability Analysis (FSA) and Safeguardability Check-List (SCL). Those two have limitations in the quantification of safeguardability. Accordingly, in this study, the Safeguardability Evaluation Method (SEM), which has clear evaluation criteria based on engineering formulas, was developed. Nuclear Material Accountancy (NMA), a key element of Safeguards, requires the Material Balance Area (MBA) of the target facility and performs Material Balance Evaluation (MBE) based on the quantitative evaluation of nuclear materials entering or leaving the MBA. In this study, about 10 factors related to NMA were developed, including MBA, Key Measurement Point (KMP), Uncertainty of a detector, Radiation signatures, and MUF (Material Unaccounted For). For example, one of the factors, MUF is used in MBA to determine diversion through analysis of unquantified nuclear materials and refers to the difference between Book Inventory and Physical Inventory, as well as errors occurring during the process in bulk facilities, errors in measurement, or intentional use of nuclear materials. This occurs in situations such as attempted diversion, and accurate MUF evaluation is essential for solid Safeguards implementation. MUF can be evaluated using the following formula (MUF=(PB+X-Y)-PE). The IAEA’s Safeguards achievement conditions (MUF < SQ) should be met. Considering this, MUF-related factors were developed as follows. (􀜵􀜧􀜯 = 1 − 􀯆􀯎􀮿 􀯌􀯊 ) In this way, about 10 factors were developed and described in the text. This factors is expected to serve as an important factor in evaluating the safeguardability of NMA, and in the future, safeguardability factors related to Containment & Surveillance (C&S) and Design Information Verification (DIV) will be additionally developed to conduct a comprehensive safeguardability evaluation of the target facility. This methodology can significantly enhance safeguardability during the design stage of nuclear facilities.

Implementing a rural revitalization strategy will help spread traditional culture and promote the sustainable development of traditional handicrafts. Batik is a traditional handicraft made by residents in China’s minority areas in their daily lives. This study was conducted because of a lack of objective methods for evaluating related project plans. This study was conducted to develop an index for the sustainable development of functional traditional batik production. This study had three major parts. The first part was a literature review that investigated sustainable and traditional batik dyeing and a field investigation carried out in Shitou Village, Danzhai County and Danzhai Paimo Village, Anshun, Guizhou to identify the factors that influence traditional batik production. The second part identified the factors identified in previous research that affect sustainable, traditional batik production and the projects executed to do the same. The third part was a survey conducted using the Delphi method. The results were analyzed, producing 10 influencing and 23 detailed factors that affect traditional batik production. Future research in this area should draw on various disciplines, investigate the direction in which traditional batik production is developing, and determine how to promote the sustainable development of other traditional handicrafts.

In the case of incumbent training, unlike training for the unemployed, it is difficult to show the results of training. In this study, factors affecting the performance of vocational competency development training were selected and the main factors were derived. Data were collected through Focus Group Interview(FGI), and regression analysis was performed through factor analysis and reliability analysis. As a result, empathy, training participation type, reliability, working experience, and training operation type were derived as factors affecting job satisfaction. did. Confidence and training participation patterns were derived as factors affecting training satisfaction, and the results showed that the larger the variable, the more positive it was. Therefore, as factors affecting the vocational competency development training performance, there are empathy, training participation type, reliability, work experience, training operation type, certainty, and training participation type. It was confirmed that the results had an effect.

정부(해양수산부) 및 관계기관에서는 안전관리 취약선박의 해양안전 증진을 위한 많은 정책을 시행하고 있으나, 선박의 안전관리에 대한 위험성평가 부재로 각 제도의 효과성에 다소 아쉬움이 확인되었다. 선박의 위험성평가에 대한 국내 선행연구는 대부분 개별적 해양사고 위험성에 대한 단편적 위험성만을 취급하고 있어 포괄적 해양사고 위험성평가를 위한 새로운 방식이 필요하다. 선박의 안전관 리에 대한 포괄적 위험성평가 적용사례로 항만국통제와 노르웨이 해사국의 점검대상 선정방법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 해양사고 및 등록현황의 높은 비중을 차지하고 있는 연근해어선을 대상으로 포괄적 선박안전관리 위험성평가를 위한 지표를 개발하고 적용하였다. 그 결과, 각 선박별 위험성을 계량적 수치로 확인하였고, 개별적 안전관리 취약요소의 순위를 식별하였다.

The degree and intensity of unpleasant and disgusting odors perceived through a person's sense of smell can vary depending on personal or social and cultural characteristics. In addition, it is not effective to manage odors solely on the basis of concentration levels because odors can be combined according to temperature, humidity, and frequency, so that they can be recognized differently even if the same person smells the same substance. The mobile odor application was developed to enable real time monitoring of odor characteristics reflecting the actual condition of the field. Accordingly, the Green Future Foundation, a civic group, conducted an environmental campaign to record and share the information of odors in school zone using the first version of the application. The real time monitoring of field odor was able to improve the problems of the current standard methods for the examination and assessment of odors. However, with regard to the first version of the application, the process and results of odor recording through odor measurement applied the direct olfactory method and were less relevant. Therefore, it was difficult to organize data due to duplicate selection. For that reason, this study was conducted to overcome the problems of the first version of the mobile application and to effectively and accurately reflect odors and personal characteristics. This odor application that has been developed is able to monitor and assess odors based on 5 features: classification, character, strength level, hedonic tone, and acceptability.

Identifying the water circulation status is one of the indispensable processes for watershed management in an urban area. Recently, various water circulation models have been developed to simulate the water circulation, but it takes a lot of time and cost to make a water circulation model that could adapt the characteristics of the watershed. This paper aims to develop a water circulation state estimation model that could easily calculate the status of water circulation in an urban watershed by using multiple linear regression analysis. The study watershed is a watershed in Seoul that applied the impermeable area ratio in 1962 and 2000. And, It was divided into 73 watersheds in order to consider changes in water circulation status according to the urban characteristic factors. The input data of the SHER(Similar Hydrologic Element Response) model, a water circulation model, were used as data for the urban characteristic factors of each watershed. A total of seven factors were considered as urban characteristic factors. Those factors included annual precipitation, watershed area, average land-surface slope, impervious surface ratio, coefficient of saturated permeability, hydraulic gradient of groundwater surface, and length of contact line with downstream block. With significance probabilities (or p-values) of 0.05 and below, all five models showed significant results in estimating the water circulation status such as the surface runoff rate and the evapotranspiration rate. The model that was applied all seven urban characteristics factors, can calculate the most similar results such as the existing water circulation model. The water circulation estimation model developed in this study is not only useful to simply estimate the water circulation status of ungauged watersheds but can also provide data for parameter calibration and validation.

Big data and AI are the two major technical means of development in the current era. Thus, whether Chinese grammatology can use new technologies to achieve new developments following the trend as such is precisely the new problem and new field of the development of philology. The scientific research work on computer recognition of ancient Chinese characters has been carried out for more than 20 years, and it has achieved good results in methodology. However, it is only in the past three years or so that the real application has been made. In this regard, this paper summarizes the research status of ancient Chinese character computer recognition, attempts to analyze several factors that restrict the ancient Chinese character computer recognition from experiment to application, and puts forward the future development of this work.

한문에 대한 교육을 탐색하는 한문과 교육은 한문이라는 언어를 가르치고 배우는 언어교과라고 정의내릴 수 있다. 한문교육은 읽기 교육에 집중되어야 하고, 교과목표는 일차적으로 한문 텍스트 읽기 능력 향상을 토대로 설정되어야 한다. 한문의 언어적 특성과 한문 교과서에 실린 텍스트의 특성에 맞는 한문 텍스트 이독성 공식 개발은 한문 읽기 교육 내용의 위계를 설정하는데 시의적절 한 과제라 할 수 있다. 이 연구는 한문 텍스트 이독성 공식의 한계점과 현장의 비판점을 수용하여 설명력이 높은 이독성 공식을 개발하고자 한다. 또, 기존 이독성 공식 연구와는 달리 전체 기대 요인들 간의 상관관계를 파악하여 이독성 공식을 보완하는 방안을 강구하고자 한다. 이 연구는 기존의 한문 이독성 공식 개발 연구 방법에 ‘구조방정식 모형(Structure Equation Model: SEM)’을 활용한다. 단, 여기서 는 한문텍스트 이독성 공식 개발 과정의 기초 과제인 한문교육용 기초한자 1,800자 대표 훈·음, 텍스트 크기에 따른 공식 개발 가능성 탐색, 기대 요인 상호 관계 파악을 위한 설문 결과 분석을 중심으로 보고한다. 향후 예상되는 연구의 기대 효과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학습자 수준에 적절한 텍스트 선정 기준을 마련하여 한문 독해 교육을 효율적으로 수행할 수 있는 기반을 마련할 수 있다. 둘째, 한문 독해에 영향을 미치는 기대 요인 상호 관계를 구조방정식 모형을 통해 규명함으로써 한문 독해 연구의 토대로 작용할 것이다. 셋째, 구조방정식 모형을 통해 기존 한문 텍스트 이독성 공식을 보완함으로써 기대 요인들과 텍스트 난도 간의 상세한 상관관계를 가시적으로 나타내 줄 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 공공구매시장에서 중소기업 기술개발제품에 대한 경쟁요인(낙찰가 격, 조달적합품질, 납품사후서비스, 납기)이 만족에 미치는 영향과 만족이 재구매 의도에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 규명하고, 제도요인으로 정책부합성의 조절효과를 실증적으로 검증 하였다. 분석결과 경쟁요인은 만족에 모두 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 만족은 재구매 의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 경쟁요인과 만족 간 관계에서 정책부합성은 유의한 조절효과를 나타냈으며, 구매자 혁신성에 따라 재구매 의도에 유의한 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 기술혁신형 중소기업에게 공공구매시장에서의 마케팅 전략수립에 필요한 실무적 시사점을 제공하고, 민간시장 중심의 고객만족 연구를 공공구매시장까지 확장했다는데 연구의 중요한 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to provide the priority of the front-loading factors in the design stage of the automotive parts development process in order to efficiently and effectively respond to the demands of the car maker (customer). Front-loading is defined as a strategy in order to improve development performance by shifting the identification and solving of design problems to earlier phases of a product development process. Two approaches of the front-loading are project-to-project knowledge transfer and rapid problem solving. For the study, a survey was conducted on the R&D department in the automobile parts company and analyzed by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. The result of the survey shows the cost savings is the highest weight in terms of front-loading effect and in terms of front-loading factors, it gives priorities as “the problems of past project” first, “Design Review” second, “CAE (Computer Aided Engineering)” third, “FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis)” fourth, “benchmarking” and SR (Sourcing of Requirements). The results of the study will be helpful to provide practical value for improving product design of component development.

The purpose of this study is to suggest structural model and analyze design factors for the development of small greenhouse standardization model. The average dimensions of small greenhouse desired by urban farmers were 3.3m in width, 1.9m in eaves height, 2.7m in ridge height, 5.7m in length. The cladding materials for small greenhouse were preferred to glass, PC board and plastic film, framework to aluminum alloy and steel, and heating method in electrical energy. In addition, it was analyzed that small greenhouses need to develop structural model by dividing them into entry-level type and high-level type. The roof type that was used for entry-level type was arch shape, framework was steel pipe, cladding material was plastic film. On the other hand, high-level type was used in even span or dutch light type, framework with square hollow steel, cladding materials with glass or PC board. In consideration of these findings and practicality, this study developed four types of small greenhouses. The width, eaves height, ridges height, and length of the small greenhouses of even span type, which were covered with 5mm thick glass and 6mm thick PC board were 3m, 2.2m, 2.9m, and 6m, respectively. The small greenhouse of dutch light type covered with 5mm thick glass was designed with 3.8m in with, 2.2m in eaves height, 2.9m in ridges height, and 6m in length. The width, eaves height, ridges height, and length of the arch shape small greenhouse covered with a 0.15mm PO film were 3m, 1.5m, 2.8m, and 6m, respectively.