Newborn piglets are routinely subjected to several treatments shortly after birth, one of which is tail-docking. Tail-docking, which is carried out without an anesthetic when the piglet is 3 to 4 days old, is intended to prevent the severe injuries that can occur when pigs bite each other’s tails. The study was performed in slaughterhouses to determine how much tail-docking prevented tail-biting and how much it caused clinical problems such as amputation neuroma. One thousand pigtails were collected from 3 slaughterhouses in different provinces and tail length and tail-biting injuries were examined. Among them, 659 tail tissues were examined for clinical problems like amputation neuroma. The collected tails were divided into 3 groups according to the length of the tail, which was defined as long (n=136, 75% of the tail remained compared to the referred intact tail length of 30.6±0.6 cm of crossbred Landrace×Yorkshire dam×Duroc sire; LYD), medium (n=694, 50% of the tail remained), and short (n=170, 25% of the tail remained). The results showed that 4.3% of 1000 tails had biting injuries and 58.7% of 659 tails had amputation neuromas. There was no significant association between the tail-biting injury and tail lengths (p=0.953). However, the tail-biting injuries differed significantly by the province (p<0.001), and the frequency of amputation neuromas also appeared more frequently in longer tail lengths (p<0.001). The results indicated that tail-biting behavior was not influenced by tail-docking but might be influenced by the housing system and/or management practices.

The respective delivering vehicle loaded with the own cargo moves into the respective delivery area. At the base, the delivery points D1 and D2 ,for example, have the same starting point but the destination is different. The average delivering time of the delivery vehicle is mostly more than 8 hours a day. Therefore, the efficiency of delivery is generally low. In this study, the deliveries will be forwarded from a base station to a delivery point where cross docking will be applied to a single vehicle, and will be distributed from the cross docking point through cross docking. If the distribution is implemented, one vehicle will not have to be operated from the base to the cross docking point. In that case, logistics cost will be reasonably saved by the reduction of transportation cost and labor time. If one vehicle only runs from the base to the cross docking point, each vehicle will be operated in two shifts, and the vehicle operation can be efficiently implemented. This research model is based on the assumption that the 3 types of ratios between the traffic volume of the vehicles starting at the base and the vehicles waiting at the cross docking point are set to the first ratio of 30% to 70%, the second ratio of 50% to 50% and the final ratio of 70% to 30%. As a result of the study, The delivery time€in the cross docking point is much higher than that in present on the condition that the cargo volume in the D2 area is more than 50%. Likewise, the delivery time is slightly higher€on the condition that€the cargo volume€is less than 50%. Time is reduced in terms of 50% model like AS-IS model.

The docking analysis of a global ship structure is requested to evaluate its structural safety against the reaction forces at supports during docking works inside a dry dock. That problem becomes more important recently as the size of ships is getting larger and larger. The docking supports are appropriately arranged in a dock to avoid their excessive reaction forces which primarily cause the structural damages in docking a ship and, up to now, the structural safety has been assessed against the support arrangement by the finite element analysis (FEA) of a global ship structure. However, it is complicated to establish the finite element model of the ship in the current structural design environment of a shipyard and it takes over a month to finish the work. This paper investigates a simple and fast approach to carry out a ship docking analysis by a simplified grillage model and to assign the docking supports position on the model. The grillage analysis was considered from the motivation that only the reaction forces at supports are sufficient to assess their arrangement. Since the simplified grillage model of the ship cannot guarantee its accuracy quantitatively, modeling strategies are proposed to improve the accuracy. In this paper, comparisons between the proposed approach and three-dimensional FEA for typical types of ships show that the results from the present grillage model have reasonably good agreement with the FEA model. Finally, an integrated program developed for docking supports planning and its evaluation by the proposed approach is briefly described.

A cross docking operation involves multiple inbound trucks that deliver items from suppliers to a distribution center and multiple outbound trucks that ship items from the distribution center to customers. Based on customer demands, an inbound truck may have its items transferred to multiple outbound trucks. Similarly, an outbound truck can receive its consignments from multiple inbound trucks. The objective of this study is to find the best truck spotting sequence for both inbound and outbound trucks in order to minimize total operation time of the cross docking system under the condition that multiple visits to the dock by a truck to unload or load its consignments is allowed. The allocations of the items from inbound trucks to outbound trucks are determined simultaneously with the spotting sequences of both the inbound and outbound trucks.

The binding affinity constants (p(Od)50) and molecular docking scores (DS) between porcine odorant binding proteins pOBP (1HQP) and pPBP (1GM6) as receptor and a series of tetrahydrofuran-2-yl (A & B) analogues as substrate, and their interactions were discussed quantitatively using three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models. The statistical qualities of the optimized CoMFA models for pOBP were better than those of the CoMSIA models. The binding affinity constants and DS between substrate and receptor molecules were dependent upon steric and hydrophobic interaction. The DS constants of the substrates into the binding site of OBP (1HQP) were bigger than those of PBP (1GM6). The resulting contour maps produced by the optimized CoMFA model were used to identify the structural features relevant to the binding affinity in binding site of pOBP.

Many logistics enterprises have made efforts to achieve low costly and high efficient logistics network. The cross-docking system can be a good solution for them. However, it requires tight schedule and all-night operation inevitably for realization of ideal cross-docking. These causes the difficulty of the attainment of daily delivery target and the leave of delivery service persons. In this paper, we develop the line-haul and shuttle service compromised cross-docking model in order to solve the problems practically. We apply the storage process with the cross-docking system and the direct cross-docking between line-haul and shuttle services. The simulation model validates the shorter delivery time by the developed model than the present model.

Cross docking is a warehouse management concept in which items delivered to a distribution facility by inbound trucks are immediately sorted out and reorganized based on customer demands and are routed and loaded into outbound trucks for delivery to customers without actually being held in inventory in the distribution facility. In this research, the design of distribution facility for cross docking systems was studied. The objective of this research is to find the minimum number of receiving docks and shipping docks, respectively, in order to meet the daily demand of the distribution center. Two solution approaches are employed in modeling and solving the problem The first approach is mathematical modeling and the second approach is a simulation. The logic developed in the simulation model is expected to apply to the real world situation.

Corporations are faced with the key strategic task of adopting a comprehensive management system of a new paradigm in order to enhance their products' quality, safety, and reliability, as well as to minimize the cost of quality. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology that can be used by corporations to ensure a product's reliability, safety, and maintainability, with minimal costs, by measuring dependability levels and conducting DEA analysis. The methodology will be a way for corporations to adopt an optimal dependability management system based on a quality management system of ISO 9001:2000 standards.

A cross docking operation involves multiple trucks (known as inbound trucks) that deliver items from suppliers to a distribution center and multiple trucks (known as outbound trucks) that ship items from the distribution center to customers. Based on customer demands, an inbound truck may have its items transferred to multiple outbound trucks. Similarly, an outbound truck can receive its consignments from multiple inbound trucks. A unique characteristic of a cross docking system is the absence or prohibition of long term storage of items at the distribution center. Items delivered to the distribution center from suppliers are shipped to customers as soon as possible without being placed in storage in the distribution center. The objective of this paper is to develop the optimal operational strategy for finding the best truck docking sequence for both inbound and outbound trucks in order to minimize total operation time where a temporary storage area is not available in a cross docking system.

크로스도킹은 물류센터의 운영 개념으로써 입고트럭에 의해 배달된 물품이 재고로써 보관됨이 없이 즉시 고객의 수요에 따라 재분류되어 출고트럭에 적재되어 고객에게 배달되는 프로세스로 구성된다. 본 연구에서는 임시보관 장소를 보유한 크로스도킹 시스템의 총 운영시간을 최소화하기 위한 입고 트럭과 출고 트럭의 일정계획 수립을 위한 수학적 모델을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 모델의 적용으로 물류센터 내에서의 자재 취급 빈도 및 시간이 감소하여 제품 손상을 최소화

해저에 설치된 파이프에서 분출되는 기포에 의해 형성된 강한 수평압력분포를 이용하여 선박을 신속 하고 정밀하게 유도, 정박시키는 도선시스템으로 항구, 협수로, 해협 등과 같이 복잡한 수상, 수중 장애물 지역에서 선박을 신속하고 정밀하게 유도함과 동시에 협소한 부두에 안전하게 선박을 정박시키기 위하여 본 도선 시스템을 고안하였다.

크로스도킹이란 창고나 물류센터에 하역된 물품이 저장됨이 없이 도착지별로 재분류되어서 직출하되는 물류 시스템이다. 크로스도킹은 물류비용의 큰 비중을 차지하는 보관비용을 감소시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 고객의 요구에 빠른 대응을 할 수 있다는 장점을 지니고 있다. 크로스도킹이 성공적으로 수행되기 위해서는 창고나 물류센터의 입고에서부터 출고까지의 모든 작업들이 계획적이고 원활하게 수행되어져야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 임시보관 장소를 보유하지 않은 크로스도킹 시스

In order to avoid the high cost and high risk of demonstration mission of rendezvous-docking technology, missions using nanosatellites have recently been increasing. However, there are few successful mission cases due to many limitations of nanosatellites like small size, power limitation, and limited performances of sensor, thruster, and controller. To improve the probability of rendezvous-docking mission success using nanosatellite, a rendezvous-docking phase analysis tool for nanosatellites is developed. The tool serves to analyze the relative position and attitude control of the chaser satellite at the docking phase. In this tool, the Model Predictive Controller (MPC) is implemented as a controller, and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is adopted as a filter for noise filtering. To verify the performance and effectiveness of the developed tool for nanosatellites, simulation study was conducted. Consequently, we confirmed that this tool can be used for the analysis of relative position and attitude control for nanosatellites in the rendezvous-docking phase.

The docking and recharging system for a mobile robot must guarantee the ability of the mobile robot to perform its tasks continuously without human intervention. In this paper, two docking mechanisms are proposed with localization error-compensation capability for the auto recharging system. Friction forces or magnetic forces are used between the docking parts of the docking module and those of the docking station. In addition, an auto recharging system is developed to control the power. Since the system is modularized, it can easily be adapted to other robots.

선박 접안을 돕기 위해 레이저 접안 장치는 부두에 설치된 레이저 센서로부터 선박까지의 거리를 센티미터 수준의 정확도로 측정하여 제공한다. 그러나, 레이저 접안 장치는 레이저 센서의 정확한 설치 위치를 알아야 하고, 선박이 접안하는 부두의 전 범위를 다룰 수 있도록 설치되어야 하며, 부두의 선적 및 하역 환경, 조수의 변동을 고려해야 하는 문제가 있다. 특히 레이저 센서 거리 측정기는 가격이 비싸고, 거리를 측정할 수 있는 범위가 좁다는 단점이 있다. 레이저 접안 장치가 지닌 이상과 같은 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 제안된 방법이 반송파보정 측위 기법이다. 본 논문에서는 상대 수평측위 정확 희석도 시뮬레이션을 통하여 레이저 접안 장치가 지닌 문제를 해결하기 위해 기존에 제안된 반송파 보정 측위기법이 연속성을 갖는 센티미터 정확도의 측위 서비스가 어려움을 보이고, 이를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 의사위성 보강 측위기법을 제안한다. 본 논문은 의사위성을 반송파 보정 측위성능 향상을 위해 사용하며, 제안한 측위기법이 기존에 반송파 보정 측위기법과 달리 연속성을 갖는 센티미터 정확도의 측위 서비스가 가능함을 보인다. 또한 제안한 측위기법이 선박 자동접안을 위해 요구하는 측위성능을 만족시키는 기법임을 필드시험을 위해 구축한 테스트 베드에서 확인한다.