본 연구는 modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) 포장 육에 사용되는 플라스틱 트레이를 종이 트레이로 대체하 여 포장 및 유통할 때 이화학적 특성 및 미생물 제어에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 제품의 안정성을 검증하기 위하 여 수행되었다. 안정성 비교를 위하여 국내에서 도축된 우 육을 가열하지 않은 생고기 상태로 각각 플라스틱 트레이와 종이 트레이에 넣고 트레이 내부를 15±5% O2와 85% CO2로 가스 처리한 다음, 포장 상단을 폴리에틸렌 필름으 로 밀봉하여 5oC에서 냉장 보관하였으며, 실험군과 대조 군은 6개의 시험구로 분류하여 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13일 동 안 저장하고, 각 저장 기간에 해당되는 시료에 대하여 미 생물 및 이화학 규격 실험을 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 대조 군과 비교하여 모든 중량(100 g, 500 g, 1,000 g)에서 총균, 대 장균군, 대장균수와 같은 위생 지표 병원성 미생물 실험 값의 유의미한 차이가 발견되지 않았으며(P<0.05), 마찬가 지로, 포장된 육류 표면의 색도 헌터 값(a*, b*, L*)과, pH, 포장재의 치환된 O2와 CO2의 가스 측정치 비율, 휘발성 염기성 질소(volatile basic nitrogen, VBN) 수치와 같은 이 화학적 측정값에서 유의미한 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). 상기 의 연구 결과를 고려할 때, 친환경 종이 재질 트레이를 MAP 방식에 적용하였을 경우 플라스틱과 비교하여 안전 성이나 품질을 손상 시키지 않고 육류 제품의 MAP 응용 분야에서 플라스틱에 대한 지속 가능한 대안으로 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다. 이를 통하여 식품 산업에서 지속 가 능한 포장 솔루션의 새로운 기회가 열리고, 플라스틱 소 재에 대한 의존도가 감소하여 환경적 영향이 완화될 것으 로 사료된다.

To control western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), a significant pest of peppers, the control effects of eco-friendly agricultural materials were tested when treated alone and in combination. The control effects of yellow sticky roll traps installed on the stem, predatory natural enemy (Hypoaspis miles) inoculated on the stem, and plant extracts (50% custard apple seed oil + 10% cinnamon extract) sprayed on the foliage were 45.3%, 36.6%, and 50.2%, respectively, when treated individually. Meanwhile, when three eco-friendly agricultural materials were comprehensively applied, the control effect was maintained between 62.4% and 80.9% compared to untreated conditions during the pepper harvesting season. These methods can be utilized for the eco-friendly control of western flower thrips in pepper greenhouses.

시설 고추 주요 해충인 꽃노랑총채벌레(Frankliniella occidentalis)의 방제를 위해 유기농업자재들의 단독 처리 및 종합 투입시 방제 효과를 검정 하였다. 황색끈끈이롤트랩은 지제부에 설치하고, 포식성 천적(Hypoaspis miles)은 지제부에 접종하며, 식물추출물(커스터드애플시드 오일 50% + 계 피 추출물 10%)은 경엽살포하는 방식으로써 각각의 단독 처리시 방제 효과는 45.3, 36.6, 50.2%였다. 한편, 3종의 유기농업자재들을 종합 투입했을 경우 고추 수확기 방제 효과가 무처리 대비 62.4~80.9%로 유지되어, 시설 고추 꽃노랑총채벌레 친환경 방제용으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

돌발성 해충인 매미나방의 방제체계 수립을 위해 시판 유기농업자재 21종에 대한 살충 활성을 실내 검정하였다. 90% 이상의 살충 활성을 보인 유기농업자재 11종을 선발하였으며, 유효성분들을 분석하였다. PLS 제도의 대응하여 본 연구 결과는 돌발성 매미나방의 친환경 방제 및 향후 유기농업자재의 개발에도 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

In relation to the development of automatic discharging and grinding system producing eco-friendly composite fertilizer raw materials, the performance test was proceeded. and We had obtained the following results. 1. Of the evaluation items set as performance indicators for this technology development, the “grinding capacity” of the composite fertilizer roll mill is higher than the current market-sufficient performance (1500kg/hr) of 1800kg/hr.For “grind particle size”, results of less than 1.8 mm on average were obtained, which is smaller than market-sufficient performance (average less than 2 mm). 2. As a result of the evaluation of “1batch 400kg discharge time”, the results of less than 10min/1bach were obtained, which is shorter than the market satisfaction performance (15min/1bach).

PURPOSES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the properties of eco-friendly waterproofing materials for bridge decks. METHODS: Various waterproofing materials and construction methods that are widely used in Korea were evaluated. Then, the problems in field application were identified. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to improve constructability and stability. Thus, the properties of heating waterproofing membranes and waterproofing systems using recycling additives were evaluated. In addition, a field test was conducted to ensure the construct-ability and stability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : Waterproofing materials were developed using waste tires and carbon black the results of the softening point test, tensile adhesion test, and shear adhesion test. A new sheet system, which consists of mesh and vinyl, was also determined from the sheet test. The properties of waterproofing materials were better than those developed under the "A Asphalt Concrete Pavement Construction Guidelines" according to the results of laboratory tests and the report of the authorized testing agency. Finally, the field test showed that the materials met quality standards. In future research, it will be necessary to conduct continuous field tests and follow-up inspections.

Various insect pests and plant disease can outbreak in a field. For the effective control of pests and plant diseases during crop cultivation, farmers simultaneously or sequentially spray various eco-friendly agricultural materials (EFAM), chemical pesticides and microbial control agents on the same fields. It was reported that many agrochemicals are harmful to entomopathogenic fungi, especially some fungicides with broad spectrum activity that are routinely applied for the control of plant diseases. In addition, some pesticides may antagonize the potential insecticidal activity and efficiency of entomopathogenic fungi. Therefore, sometimes the utilization of fungal entomopathogen in forestry and agricultural production is limited because of the undesirable interference from some fungicides and pesticides. There is little research that examines the compatibility of these EFAMs with entomopathogenic fungi and the influence of EFAMs on the control efficacy of mycopesticides. We conducted a study of influence of pretreated eco-friendly agricultural materials on control efficacy of Isaria javanica isolate against sweet potato whitefly.

The goal of this investigation was to produce a zirconia-family black ceramics that has enhanced functionality andreliability. Color zirconia ceramics have been produced by adding pigments. Pigments cause structural defects within zirconiaand result in a drop in physical properties. Using environmentally friendly rice husk, we produced a black zirconia that is freeof structural defects. In optimal firing conditions for black zirconia the calcining temperatures of the molding product arechanged from 400oC to 1200oC, and the firing temperatures are changed from 1400oC to 1600oC. Color of testing the specimenswas analyzed using Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), EDAX (EDX), and Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses were carried out in order to examine impregnation properties and crystal phases.Universial Test Machine (UTM) was used to measure the flexual strength as well as the compressive strength. Fromexperimental results, it was found that in optimal firing conditions the sample was calcined from 1000oC to 1500oC. Commissioninternationalde I’Edairage (CIE) values of manufactured black zirconia color were L*=29.73, a*=0.23, b*=−2.68. Thebending strength was 918 MPa and the compressive strength was 2676 MPa. These strength values are similar to typicalstrength values of zirconia, which confirms that carbon impregnation did not influence physical properties.

This study was carried out to control the disease of wood-cultivated ginseng(panax ginseng) using natural materials. Four fungi spices such as Pythium ultimum, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani which caused disease of the wood-cultivated ginseng were investigated. The infection of these fungi causes symptom on roots, stems and leaves. The leaves became dry and die. The disease caused by Pythium ultimum can be prevented by using friendly environmental materials like Chamaecyparis obtuse essential oil and Wormstop. Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum might be prevented by using wormstop extracted from Neem tree(Azadirachta indica). No substance tested effectively prevents the growth of Rhizoctonia solani.

최근 웰빙이라는 자연친화적인 건강한 삶을 핵심 가치로 추구하면서 실내 공기질의 개선을 위한 다양한 친환경 제품이 개발되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 친환경 도료의 문제점을 해결할 뿐만 아니라 천연방사성 물질인 라돈 저감이 가능한 활성탄 복합 시트를 개발하고 라돈, HCHO, VOCs에 대한 저감 효과를 평가 하였다. 활성탄 복합 시트는 규산나트륨 에멀젼과 활성탄을 혼합하여 활성탄 액상 도료를 제조하고 에어스프레이 공법을 통하여 복합 시트로 제작하였다. 제작된 활성탄 복합 시트에 대한 유해물질 저감 성능을 분석하기 위해 라돈은 환경부 고시, HCHO 및 VOCs는 KCL-FIR-1085 기준에 부합하도록 설계하였다. 실험결과, 제작된 활성탄 복합 시트는 20시간에서 약 90.8%의 라돈 저감 효율을 가지는 것으로 평가되었고, HCHO 및 VOCs는 3시간에서 각 96.7%, 96.6%의 저감 효율이 나타났다.이러한 결과는 실내 공기 질 개선을 위한 제품 개발 시 기초 자료로서 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

For effective control of insect pest which can outbreak in a field during crop cultivation, various control agents such as eco-friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) including microbial control agents and chemical pesticides have been applied at fields and these control agents may be treated simultaneous or sequential in the same field to suppress diverse pests and diseases. The agents may influence each other and control efficacy may also differ from interactions. Therefore we need to test compatibility of microbial control agents with other agricultural agents. In this study, we investigated influence of pre-treated EFAMs, which are registered for whitefly control in greenhouse, on germination, mycelial growth and control efficacy of Isaria javanica isolate against sweet potato whitefly. The results showed that a mixture of paraffin oil+cinnamon oil among 4 EFAMs highly reduced germination (8.9±1.3%~24.5±0.9%) and mycelial growth (0.81±0.01cm~0cm) of I. javanica. To investigate the effects of the treatment interval between EFAMs and I. javanica on sweet potato whitefly control, four different EFAMs were pre-treated 0, 1, 4, and 7 days before applying I. javanica. Pre-treatment of four EFAMs inhibited insecticidal activity of I. javanica against sweet potato whitefly. Therefore when EFAMs and a mycopesticide using I. javanica spray simultaneous or sequential, application of EFAMs need more than 7 days interval after treatment of mycopesticide at field.

Background : Insect pests damages are increasing on the field of Lycium chinense under eco-friendly organic management and especially, pest damage of Gelechiidae (Ilseopsis parki Povolny) is serious. Currently, various eco-friendly organic materials are registered, but insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not verified. Therefore, this experiment was carried out to select eco-friendly organic materials showing insecticidal activity in Gelechiidae. Methods and Results : To test insecticidal activity, the Gelechiidae lavas were collected from the field and Nine eco-friendly organic materials were collected from the market. method. The insecticidal activity assay method was, putting Gelechiidae lavas on the 90mm petridish then water-diluted eco-friendly organic materials were sprayed onto the laver. Result of insecticidal activity was observed with a microscope 10 minutes, 2 hours and 18 hours after the treatment. Microscopic observation results, insecticidal activity was shown only in 5 out of 9 materials. Conclusion : As a result, Insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not effective in all tested materials, but the 5 eco-friendly organic materials showed the same effect in repeated experiments. In this study, we selected 5 materials out of 9 eco-friendly organic materials against Gelechiidae, then future studies are planned to select the most suitable materials by field testing the 5 eco-friendly organic materials.

최근 납의 대체물질로서 연구되고 있는 바륨(Ba)과 요오도(I) 등은 차폐능은 우수하지만, 30 keV 근처의 에너지 영역에서 특성 X선이 방출되는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 황산바륨(BaSO4)과 산화비스무스(BiO)로 구성된 친환경 이중차폐체의 적용가능성을 검증하기 위한 선행연구로 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 통해 투과스펙트럼, 차폐율 등을 평가하였다. 평가결과, 0.6mm 두께의 Pb 단일층과 비교하여 0.1 mm 두께의 BaSO4 하부층에 BiO 층의 두께가 0.4 mm 와 0.5 mm에서는 각각 차폐율이 1.9 %, 3.9 % 높은 성능을 보였다. 뿐만 아니라, 상대적인 중량 또한 각각 34.5 %, 28 % 경량화가 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Chloride-based deicing materials have been reported as the major culprit behind degradation of performance of structures such as surface deterioration and steel corrosion, leading to active researches on development of eco-friendly deicing materials as countermeasures for such issues. However, these eco-friendly deicing materials suffer the issue of poor economic feasibility compared to existing chloride-based deicing material. In order to secure economic feasibility of eco-friendly deicing materials, this research has developed a new eco-friendly deicing material with calcium-based industrial byproducts and assessed its snow-removing performance.

The mortality was tested to organic control materials to the E. maslovskii adults by the dipping method in laboratory. As the result, in 2014, the extracts of Neem Ⅰ was not shown control effect by 10.2% control efficacy to E. maslovskii adults in laboratory. The extract of Sophora flavescens roots was shown 84.7% mortality. And other 5 materials were shown 100% insecticidal activity to the adults in laboratory. I n 2015, Plant extract+pyrolignous acid Matrine 0.45% and Plant extract Matrine 0.5+paraffin oil 8% were shown 100% and 94.6% control efficacy, respectively. In the Japanese apricot orchards, the fruit damage rate was low on spray at 21th April in Daap, Gwangyang city, and 8th May Hwangjeon, Suncheon city in Jeonnam province in 2014. The fruit damage rate differed from spray timing and materials, but it was considered that the control of E. maslovskii should be in late April to early May. Otherwise, in 2015, the fruit damage was significantly low in late April spray in Daap, but no significant was in between one spray at 21th, 27th April and 2 spray that days. Meanwhile, the control effect was better 2 times spray of the days in Hwangjeon, Suncheon city in Jeonnam province. Therefore, in organic Japanese apricot, the use of insecticidal materials recommended to control over twice spay in from meddle to late April.