본 연구에서는 유전자, 종, 생태계, 문화로 구분한 4종류의 분류 기준에 따라 14 종류의 평가 지표를 선정하였고 이중 가치 평가가 가능한 11개 인자를 대상으로 화폐적 평가를 수행하였다. 산림생물다양성을 저해하는 부의 경제효과 인자인 산림훼손, 산불, 병충해, 산림전용과 국가의 전통지식 권리를 보상해주어야 하는 나고야의정서가 발효된다는 가정에서 비용을 산출한 결과, 2,545억 원으로 평가되었다. 산림생물다양성에 의한 양의 경제효과에는 바이오산업, 자생종, 임산물 생산, 보호구역, 산촌 소득적인 측면에서 이루어졌으며 그 가치는 연간 6조 7,200억 원으로 평가되었다. 산림생물다양성으로 인한 경제적 순편익은 연간 6조 4,655억 원으로 나타났다.

후행 핵연료주기 경제성 평가는 추정 비용의 불확실성, 평가 대상기간의 장기성, 적용 할인율에 따른 계산결과의 변동성 등 많은 불확실성을 내포하고 있기 때문에 평가기관 또는 평가자에 따라 그 결과가 서로 상이하다. 본고에서는 지금까지 수행된 주요 경제성 평가 연구들을 조사/분석하여 그 특징과 한계를 알아봄으로써 현재 국내에서 추진되고 있는 사용후핵연료 공론화 및 후행 핵연료주기 정책 연구 추진에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있도록 하고자 하였다. 분석 결과 사용후핵연료 재활용 옵션에 비해 직접처분 옵션이 유리하나, 입력 자료로 사용된 파라미터 값에 따라 결과의 불확실성이 많이 나타나 이 부분에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

The paper proposes a knowledge innovation performance model by the dynamic data envelopment analysis with slacks-based measure approach for evaluating the effectiveness of 30 regional knowledge innovation activities in China from 2010 to 2016. In recent years, China has paid more attention to knowledge innovation activities, as central and local governments have pushed on with their innovation projects by lots of investment whatever the difficulties may be. Decision-maker is usually interested in judge its knowledge innovation performance relative to target benchmark by exploring whether one provincial administration region performs better among others and/or if the growth of economy will be benefited greatly by the knowledge innovation activities. To acquire the managerial insight about this issue from a comprehensively designed performance evaluation model, knowledge innovation activity is conceptualized as an intertemporal production process. Invention patent and regional gross product are imposed on desirable outputs, highlighting the need for knowledge economy. The empirical result shows that knowledge innovation has a positive effect on economic development. At the same time, decision-maker should be interest in the economic effect of patents’ type and quality. The government should then encourage new technical applications with greater commercial value from a market-oriented perspective, in order to benefit the most from the innovation process in the short-run.

The effect of insect feed powder on the growth performance and economic evaluation of ducks was investigated. One hundred and twenty-old Pekin ducks were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (0% and 1% Hermetia illucens powder) with three replicates of 20 birds each for 14-42 d. No significant (p>0.05) difference in growth performance between the control and 1% H. illucens powder was observed, except the feed conversion ratio (p<0.05), for the experimental period. The treatments with 1% H. illucens powder improved the economic indicators in comparison with the controls. Therefore, a diet supplemented with 1% H. illucens powder could significantly improve the feed conversion ratios and increase the economic indicators.

The influence of various forms of Houttuynia cordata with fermented red koji as feed additives on the performance of duck livestock was evaluated through a field study. Two hundred and forty ducks (Pekins) aged 0–38 d were used. They were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (0%, 1% H. cordata powder with fermented red koji, 1% H. cordata pelleted with fermented red koji, and 1% H. cordata coated with fermented red koji) with four replicates (15 ducks per replication). Foreconomic evaluation, the data (a total of 240 duck) obtained from each treatment were applied to 10,000 ducks per treatment 38-d after the feeding trial. Overall, the results of economic evaluation were the highest in the treatment with 1% H. cordata coated with fermented red koji, followed by 1% H. cordatapelleted with fermented red koji, 1% H. cordatapowder with fermented red koji, and control. In conclusion, using 1% H. cordatawith fermented red koji as coating and pellet type duck diets might be of economic advantage for sustainable environmental management.

This study made an economic evaluation of duck using Houttuynia cordata (H. cordata) powder as feed additives after 6 weeks. A total of 300 ducks (Pekins) were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments (0%, 0.5% and 1% H. cordata powder), with 5 replicates of 20 ducks each. After 6-week feeding trial, an economic improvement in all the treatments was found in following order: T2 (1% H. cordata powder) > T1 (0.5% H. cordata powder) > control. The results suggested that the addition of H. cordata powder to duck diets provided significantly greater economic benefits, indicating sustainable environmental management of the duck industry.

This research is devoted to the development of methods general and standard methodological approaches and approbation those for the evaluation of economic potential and level of concentration of the regions of Kazakhstan. This paper presents the results of development of the authors on the selection and justification of the methodological approaches for quantitative evaluation of the economic potential (the degree of territorial differentiation of the profile) and concentration of regions. In this study, we used scientific methods: method of analysis the main trends of economic development, and method of evaluation of concentration of the region. Based on the analysis of foreign techniques developed and tested methodical approaches to the assessment of the economic potential (index and coefficient methods). Proposed methodological approaches to the assessment profile of the territory and developed a system of indicators, which includes an aggregated index of spatial concentration, which accurately reflects the concentration of production in the region. This study shows the results of the analysis of the potential regional disparities and trends of economic development of Kazakhstan. By using, the proposed methodology shows the possibility of their use; we calculated the indicators of integrated assessment of the economic potential and indicators of spatial concentration.

The 13th “Five year plan” clearly puts forward the goal of making cultural industry become the pillar industry of national economy in the next five years, which means cultural industry becomes a new development momentum, and are attached much greater importance by the government. Cultural resources are the material basis for the cultural industry, to scientifically classify and evaluate the cultural resources is the key to transform cultural resource advantage into industrial advantage. Firstly, referring to the method of national tourist resources classification, the cultural resources in the Shandong peninsula blue economic zone can be divided into seven types, which are natural landscape culture resources, historical culture resources, folk customs culture resources, religious culture resources, festival events culture resources, literature and art, reality culture resources. Then, the development potential of cultural resources in the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone were evaluated using the multilevel grey method. The evaluation results showed that the development potential of the cultural resources in the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone is the highest and the development potential order of each type was W (natural)>W(historical)>W(folk)>W(literaryarts)>W(festivalevent)>W(Religion)>W(real), among which natural landscape culture resources and history culture resources has the greatest development potential, festival event culture resources and reality culture resources has a comparative advantage, literature and art resources has a advantaged talent and outstanding development characteristics, and festival events culture resources has great potential market demand and expected development benefits.

As an important aspect of vulnerability ,economic vulnerability is a research hot issue in vulnerability and Tourism sustainability research field. On the basis of defining vulnerability, the paper combines vulnerability with the tourism economic system. Taking the Yellow River delta efficient ecological economic zone as an example, the paper establishes an assessment model of tourism economic system vulnerability, and evaluates the tourism economic system vulnerability using the entropy method and the comprehensive evaluation method. Using obstacle degree analyze the main obstacle factors of cities in the paper . The evaluation result is that the Yellow River delta efficient ecological economic zone has a vulnerable tourism economic system, which is almost in line with the actual situation.

Background : Generally, price of Jiwhang(Rehmannia glutinosa L.) is highest in August. In this study, Economic Evaluation and Productivity of 9 Jiwhang varieties w ere analyzed according to harvesting tim es of August and October. Materials and Methods ○ Experiment variety : Jiwhang 1, Korea jiwhang, Daegyung, Gogang, Togang, Dagang, Wongang, Hwanggang and Yeongang ○ Treatment : ①Initial-August harvest ②Mid-August harvest ③Ended-August harvest ④Ended-October harvest ○ Planting date : April 17, 2015 ○ Planting distance : 30×15cm ○ Experiment place : Ginseng and Medicinal Plant Research Institute (Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do) Conclusion : The higher roots yield at August harvest was in Gogang, Dagang and Togang. The lower roots yield at August harvest was in Korea jiwhang and Hwanggang. The higher economic feasibility at August harvest was in Gogang, Togang, Dagang and Wongang. The higher economic feasibility at ended-October harvest was in Gogang, Yeongang, Togang, Dagang and Wongang.

The Purpose of this study is to present the evaluation factor derived measures that affect the Energy Conservation Method of the set of Apartment house.

지진에 대한 재해 위험도를 평가할 때 재해에 대한 위험을 정량적으로 정의하고 대상 시스템이 재해에 어떻게 노출되어 있는지, 얼마나 취약하고, 재해에 대응할 수 있는 능력을 평가한다. 단순한 구조물의 피해가 아니라 대상 시스템이 재해에 대한 사회·경제적 영향을 고려할 수 있어야 한다. 본 연구는 서울을 대상 지역으로 사회·경제적 영향을 고려한 지진 재해 위험도를 산출하였다. 지진에 의한 시스템의 피해규모를 평가하기 위해서는 인명피해, 경제적 피해, 사회적 피해 등 다양한 형태로 나타나는 지진 재해의 영향을 정량화 할 수 있는 지표가 필요하다. 또한, 지진 재해 위험도를 평가하기 위해 기존의 간단한 위험요소의 특징을 이용한 방법보다 다양한 대내·외적 상황을 고려하였다. 지진 재해 위험도 평가를 위해서 구성체계를 4가지 주요소로 구성하였으며, 이는 위험요소, 노출요소, 취약요소, 대응 및 복구요소로 정의하였다. 4개의 주요소는 각각의 요소로 나누어 세분화하였고, 최종적으로 이를 정량화할 수 있는 세부 지표로 나타내었다. 각 지표는 Rossi and Gilmartin(1980)이 제안한 기준에 의해 맞도록 선정되었다. 주요소와 요소를 대표하는 지표들에 대한 가중치는 주관적인 방법과 객관적인 방법을 통합하여 산정하였고, 수학적 방법을 통해 최종 지진 재해 위험도를 도출하였다. 도출된 지진 재해 위험도를 통해 주요소 및 지표가 위험도에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다.

The public value of agriculture and rural areas is closely associated with the concept of multifunctionality of agriculture and rural areas, which in turn signifies economic values other than the production function of agriculture and rural areas. Based on the survey results, virtual scenarios were set up and the contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to estimate the amount consumers are willing to pay (WTP) for the public functions of agriculture and rural areas. This study selected five domains of the public value (environment conservation, maintenance of landscape and cultural tradition, enhancement of national prestige, local community maintenance and socio-economic functions, and food security) and 21 value items as components of the public value. An economic assessment of the public value of agriculture and rural areas was conducted using a binomial logistic regression model. The estimation results showed that the public value consumers are willing to pay ranges from a minimum of 6,346.8 billion won to a maximum of 9,327.2 billion won.

The purposes of this research are to review the current economic measures to be used to assess the economic effects of agricultural infrastructure projects, to find some effects not included into the current measures, and to suggest new additional economic measures. So thus, economic assessment for agricultural infrastructure projects has been criticized to be overestimated. For example, some research reported that the projects enhanced rice productivity by 20% or 30%. We suggest four new measures to evaluate economic effects of agricultural infrastructure projects: (1) enhancement in productivity, (2) switchover from low-income crops to high-income crops, (3) rises in land price, and (4) lower fluctuation in production.

This study has performed comparative analysis on benefit indicators in agricultural irrigation and drainage project cases between Korea and Japan. The irrigation and drainage project with publicity should do economic analysis of direct benefit factors as well as indirect benefit factors. However, traditional economic evaluations are used that benefit factors are lack of consistency and focused on direct benefits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop indicators for the economic evaluation of irrigation and drainage projects. We conducted a case study between Korea and Japan. The resulting benefit factors was divided into direct factors and indirect factors. The direct benefit factors were increase in income, cost savings. The indirect benefit factors were protection of property due to flooding, agricultural promotion, aesthetic improvement. The implications of this study are that the indicators of economic analysis can be evaluated and easily applied. Moreover, these indicators could promote the feasibility of economic analysis.

Economic and environmental aspects of electrochemical copper recovery from LCD manufacturing process and through hole plating process for PCB circuit board wastewater were evaluated. The extraction rate of copper per unit energy was decreased as HRT increased and initial copper concentration decreased. About 65 minutes was determined as the optimal HRTs which could maximize the productivity of copper recovery on energy. The extracted mass of copper from the wastewater were 0.045 g at 50 mg Cu/L, 0.083 g at 1,000 mg Cu/L and 0.098 g at 3,000 mg Cu/L by unit energy (Wh) for 60 minutes, respectively. LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) technique determined the electrochemical recovery of copper to have more effect on global warming than other environmental impact categories.

The study aims to analyze economic of biogas plant in transition of recognition that waste resources has become renewable energy. The traditional investment valuation method using the NPV or IRR has a limitation in a sense that uncertainty of the future is not reflected. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to assess the value of the business by taking advantage of the real option. Biogas plant simulation is applied to the case of Garak Market using the binomial options among a variety of real options. With this analysis, it is assessed that operational expand option is the largest of the value of the binomial options.

This study, changes in raw water quality is to indicate on the efficiency of ozone treatment of each pollutant as compared to derive the appropriate operating measures. The appropriate selection for injection rate of pre-ozone and did not inject pre-ozone assess changes in the water. When good water quality, you not injected of pre-ozone to evaluate the economic efficiency of electricity and put the most cost-effective ozone concentration were evaluated. Evaluation remove organic matter and chlorophyll-a concentration level in experiments with each factor of the water DOC> 2.5 ㎎ / L, THMFP> 70 ㎍ / L, Chl-a> 30 ㎎/ ㎥or less constant process, if you do not need to put pre-ozone showed little impact. It also does not put you in pre-ozone appropriate produce enough power rate savings was calculated as approximately 90 million won. Ability to remove organic materials and the ability to produce disinfection byproducts, and cost-effective decisions by considering the concentration of injection if pre-ozone 1 mg/L was investigated by the appropriate concentration of ozone injection.