더덕은 뿌리를 약용 또는 식용으로 이용하고 있으며 최근 더덕 추출물의 약리효능이 각인되면서 기능성 식품의 원료로서 흥미를 끌고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 더덕의 주요한 사포닌인 lancemasides의 추출방법을 확립하고, UV (A, B, C) 처리와 발효(5종의 유산균 및 효모) 처리를 통해 더덕의 사포닌 함량을 증대시키고자 수행하였다. 추출방법은 autoclave를 이용한 열수 추출방법이 기존의 초음파 추출방법보다 추출 효율이 더 우수하였다. 더덕의 사포닌 함량을 증대시키기 위해 수확한 더덕 뿌리에 UV 처리와 발효 처리를 한 결과 UV 및 발효 처리는 각각 무처리에 비해 사포닌 함량이 약 20%, 22% 증가한 UV-C와 Bacillus subtilis 처리가 가장 효과적이었다. 또한 UV-C 처리의 경우 수확한 더덕 뿌리에서보다는 생육 중인 더덕 잎에 처리하는 것이 효과적이었다. 그러므로 더덕의 사포닌 함량은 생육 중인 더덕 잎에 UV-C 처리 후, 수확한 뿌리에 B. subtilis 발효 처리를 통해 87%까지 증대시킬 수 있었다. 이것은 UV-C 처리는 스트레스 초기에 반응하는 사포닌류 생성에 관여하고 발효 처리는 사포닌의 상 전환에 관여하여 사포닌 함량을 증대시키는 것으로 판단된다.

최근 소프트웨어 유통망(ESD)를 통해 유통되는 게임이 늘어남에 따라 사용자들이 원하는 게임을 찾는데 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 따라 사용자들이 원하는 게임을 찾기 쉽게 태그를 생성하는 모델의 필요성이 대두 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 태그를 생성하는 모델을 BERT를 통해 설계하였다. 태그 100개 중 가장 적합한 태그를 4개 추출하기 위해 입력된 문장에 대해 각 태그별로 이진분류를 수행하고 이진분류 당시의 Softmax 값이 가장 컸던 태그 4개를 선택했다. 또한, 모델의 정확도를 위해서 약 33억 개의 다국어 단어로 학습한 pre-trained Multilingual BERT 모델과 약 5천만 개의 한국어 단어로 학습한 KoBERT 모델을 가져와 한국어 데이터로 학습(finetuning) 시켜 사용하였다. 실험에서 BERT 모델은 KoBERT 모델보다 F- 점수에서 9.19 % 더 나은 성능을 보입니다. 이는 언어 학습 데이터 세트의 크기가 특정 언어인 한국어 특성보다 더 중요하다는 것을 나타낸다.

Fresh Omija (Schisandra chinensis) has good marketability, but its quality is difficult to maintain during storage and distribution. Freezing and freeze-thawing treatments can be utilized for the quality maintenance and processing of cold press juice. In this study, the color, antioxidant properties, and the major components of soaked liquor from Omija with freeze-thawing treatment were analyzed during the extraction periods. Each of the frozen and freeze-thawed Omija samples was soaked in 35% ethanol, extracted for 15 days, and used for analysis. The frozen and freeze-thawed samples showed a tendency toward better color and higher antioxidant activity and major component levels than the controls, and freeze-thawing was the best. The results of this study showed that freeze-thawing treatment improved the color, antioxidant properties, and level of the major components of Omija soaked liquor, and freeze storage is suitable for making soaked liquor.

Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a benign fibrous lesion with an unknown cause, mostly asymptomatic, painless swelling of the affected jaw. This is a case report on a cystic lesion found on radiographic examination in a patient with an extraction of mandibular left tooth. A 29-year-old female was referred to Pusan National University Dental Hospital due to a radiopaque lesion in the left mandible. On the medical history examination, the left lower mandibular tooth had been extracted 4 years ago, and there were no specific findings in the general medical history. According to histopathologic findings, along with proliferation of spindle cells, cementum-like substances were observed along with irregularly shaped osseous calcified substances containing osteocytes in the cellular fibrous connective tissue. In this study, we report a case that showed cystic changes due to tooth extraction, which made it complicated to determine the differential diagnosis from the existing fibrous-osseous lesion.

Background: Only 2% of falls in older adults result in serious injuries (i.e., hip fracture). Therefore, it is important to differentiate injurious versus non-injurious falls, which is critical to develop effective interventions for injury prevention. Objects: The purpose of this study was to a. extract the best features of surface electromyography (sEMG) for classification of injurious falls, and b. find a best model provided by data mining techniques using the extracted features. Methods: Twenty young adults self-initiated falls and landed sideways. Falling trials were consisted of three initial fall directions (forward, sideways, or backward) and three knee positions at the time of hip impact (the impacting-side knee contacted the other knee (“knee together”) or the mat (“knee on mat”), or neither the other knee nor the mat was contacted by the impacting-side knee (“free knee”). Falls involved “backward initial fall direction” or “free knee” were defined as “injurious falls” as suggested from previous studies. Nine features were extracted from sEMG signals of four hip muscles during a fall, including integral of absolute value (IAV), Wilson amplitude (WAMP), zero crossing (ZC), number of turns (NT), mean of amplitude (MA), root mean square (RMS), average amplitude change (AAC), difference absolute standard deviation value (DASDV). The decision tree and support vector machine (SVM) were used to classify the injurious falls. Results: For the initial fall direction, accuracy of the best model (SVM with a DASDV) was 48%. For the knee position, accuracy of the best model (SVM with an AAC) was 49%. Furthermore, there was no model that has sensitivity and specificity of 80% or greater. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the classification model built upon the sEMG features of the four hip muscles are not effective to classify injurious falls. Future studies should consider other data mining techniques with different muscles.

This research aims to study the simultaneous extraction and transesterification of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) using microwave irradiation with methanol as solvent and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst. The microwave-assisted insitu transesterification of C. vulgaris is assessed at various ratios of biomass-to-methanol, reaction times, and catalyst concentrations during the centrifugation and evaporation process. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis is performed to confirm fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition. Biodiesel preparation is carried out by simultaneous extraction and transesterification of microalgae from C. vulgaris. The product is then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR); microalgae are observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The highest amount of FAME is obtained at a biomass-to-methanol ratio of 1:12, reaction time of 40 min, and catalyst concentration of 2 wt%. Biodiesel shows conversion to about 77.64% of methyl ester (methyl myristate, methyl palmitoleate, methyl linoleate, methyl oleate, methyl arachidonate, and methyl 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentanoate).

Rare earth magnets with excellent magnetic properties are indispensable in the electric device, wind turbine, and e-mobility industries. The demand for the development of eco-friendly recycling techniques has increased to realize sustainable green technology, and the supply of rare earth resources, which are critical for the production of permanent magnets, are limited. Liquid metal extraction (LME), which is a type of pyrometallurgical recycling, is known to selectively extract the metal forms of rare earth elements. Although several studies have been carried out on the formation of intermetallic compounds and oxides, the effect of oxide formation on the extraction efficiency in the LME process remains unknown. In this study, microstructural and phase analyses are conducted to confirm the oxidation behavior of magnets pulverized by a jaw crusher. The LME process is performed with pulverized scrap, and extraction percentages are calculated to confirm the effect of the oxide phases on the extraction of Dy during the reaction. During the LME p rocess, Nd i s completely e xtracted a fter 6 h, w hile D y remains as D y2Fe17 and Dy-oxide. Because the decomposition rate of Dy2Fe17 is faster than the reduction rate of Dy-oxide, the importance of controlling Dy-oxide on Dy extraction is confirmed.

최근 부산시는 선박관리산업의 관심을 증대시키고, 경쟁력을 강화 및 지원하기 위한 조례를 제정하였다. 본 연구는 직관적퍼지 DEMATEL&ISM법을 이용하여 선박관리산업 경쟁력 강화의 원인요인을 도출하는데 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 선박관리산업발전법에 명시된 내용을 기반으로 8개의 요인을 추출한다. 두번째는 직관적 퍼지수를 표준퍼지수를 이용하여 크리습 수로 변환한다. 세번째는 DEMATEL 법을 이용하여 영향관계를 분석하고 ISM법을 이용하여 요인에 대해 우선순위를 결정한다. 영향관계 분석결과 원인요인은 기술적 선박관리 역량 제고, 육상관리인력 전문성 제고, 한국선원인력 자질향상으로 나타났다. ISM법에 의한 우선순위는 한국선원 자질향상, 육상관리 인력 전문성 제고, 기술적 선박관리 역량제고, 상업적 선박관리 역량 제고, 종합정보시스템구축 = 선원 근로조건 및 고용환경 개선 = 금융 등 지원 = 외국인 선원 공급 강화 등의 순으로 나타났다. 따라서 전체 영역에서 원인요인이며 우선순위가 높은 상위 3개의 요인에 대해 우선적인 정책추진이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum extraction method suitable for the availability of biological activities in unripe apples known to be rich in functional components. Unripe apples ‘Hongro’ picked on May 28th, 2019 were extracted by various extraction methods (hot water, ethanol, enzymatic pre-treatment, ultrasonic wave, and subcritical water) and their extracts were investigated yield, effective component contents, and antioxidant activities. Overall, the yields by the extraction solvent were higher in water than in organic solvent(ethanol) because water-soluble compounds were eluted from a polar solvent. Total phenol contents of the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extracts were significantly higher in 6 times than hot water extract. Contents of flavonoid were highest in the ethanol extract at 29.14 mg QE/g. Contents of tannin and ursolic acid were also significantly higher in the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract. The DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging activities were the strongest in the ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract. Correlation between effective components and antioxidant activities was high in the total phenol content with ABTS and the ursolic acid content with DPPH (p<0.01). The above results suggested that ultrasonic wave (ethanol) extract of unripe apples has the potential to act as a functional material.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder after undergoing different extraction solvent processes. The total phenolic content of Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder measured a 14.66 GAE mg/g after undergoing ethanol extraction, and the total flavonoid content measured at 201.23 mg CE/g when undergoing ethanol extraction. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was 160.38~209.53 TEAC umol/g, and the DPPH radical scavenging activity was 53.99~90.76 TEAC umol/g, which indicated a higher level of antioxidant power in the ethanol extract as opposed to in the water extract. The FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) of Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder was 115.58~194.58 TEAC umol/g, and B. subtilis KCTC 2189 showed greater antimicrobial activity in the ethanol extract (concentration 200 ug/uL) as opposed to the water extract. Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder revealed differences in antioxidant and antimicrobial activity between the different extraction solvents. In particular, ethanol extract had higher antioxidant and antibacterial activity, meaning it is more favorable for usage as a functional food material.

본 연구에서는 해삼속의 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드의 생리활성물질을 추출하기 위한 용매분획의 수율을 확인하고자 연구를 시도하였다. 이미 보고된 사례에서 50%에탄올 추출 용매분획은 해삼 항산화 물질의 높은 수율 결과로 확인되었다. 해삼의 항산화물질 추출량을 결정짓는 것은 추출에 적용된 추출용 매분획의 결과로 확인되었다. 또한 ‘추출용매에 따라 해삼생리활성 항산화물질 추출함량이 크게 차이가 있다.’는 선행연구를 통해 용매분획추출에 관한 필요성의 결과를 얻었다. 50%에탄올 추출 용매분획의 해삼추 출물에 포함된 페놀물질의 높은 항산화성분 추출 결과가 증명되었다. 추출용매분획 연구사례에서 수율이 가장 저조한 아세트산에틸 용매분획은 다른 용매분획에 비해 높은 페놀함량을 수확하여 항산화효과가 확인되었다. 이에, 추출 용매분획물의 적용에 따른 수율변화를 통해 항산화추출물의 높은 수율에 미치는 영향을 확인 하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 50%에탄올 용매의 최적화된 해삼생리활성물질 추출 용매분획으로 검증되었다.

머신러닝 기법의 발달과 함께 기계에서 발생하는 다양한 종류(진동, 온도, 유량 등)의 데이터를 활용하여 기계의 상태를 진단하고 이상 탐지 및 비정상 분류 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히 진동 데이터를 활용한 회전 기계의 상태 진단은 전통적인 기계 상태 모니터링 분야로 오랜 기간 동안 연구가 진행되었고, 연구 방법 또한 매우 다양하다. 본 연구에서는 가정용 에어컨에 사용되는 로터리 압축기에 가속도계를 직접 설치하여 진동 데이터를 수집하는 실험을 진행하였다. 데이터 부족 문제를 해결하기 위해 데이터 분할을 수행하였으며, 시간 영역에서의 진동 데이터로부터 통계적, 물리적 특징들을 추출한 후, Chi-square 검증을 통해 고장 분류 모델의 주요 특징을 추출하였다. SVM(Support Vector Machine) 모델은 압축기의 정상 혹은 이상 유무를 분류하기 위해 개발되었으며, 파라미터 최적화를 통해 분류 정확도를 개선하였다.