경험식에 기반한 폭발 해석방법은 폭압-시간 이력곡선을 하중으로 적용하여 해석하는 방법이다. 이 방법은 모델링이 간단하고 해 석시간이 짧아 효율적이지만, 일부 연구에 따르면 근거리 폭발 해석에는 적합하지 않음이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 예로써 환산 거리 0.4~1.0의 근거리 폭발조건에 있는 RC 보에 대해 해석방법에 따른 결과의 차이 및 원인을 분석하였고, 이를 통해 경험식 방법을 이용한 해석의 적용 범위를 구체적으로 검토 및 확인할 수 있었다. 사용된 유한요소해석 프로그램은 LS-DYNA이다. 해석결과에 따르 면, 원거리 폭발 실험 데이터를 근거로 하는 경험식 해석방법은 충격량을 과소평가하고 있었다. 이로 인해 RC 보의 처짐은 측정된 처 짐 또는 ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) 해석결과에 비해 작게 계산되었다. 구조체의 응답이 크게 나타나는 근거리 폭발에 대해 서는 ALE 해석방법을 사용하는 것이 더 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

KAERI has planned to carry out a series of dynamic tests using a shaking table and time-history analyses for a channel-type concrete shear wall to investigate its seismic performance because of the recently frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the south-eastern parts of Korea. The overall size of a test specimen is ×× 2500 mm×3500 mm×4500 mm, and it consists of three stories having slabs and walls with thicknesses of 140 mm and 150 mm, respectively. The system identification, FE model updating, and time-history analysis results for a test shear wall are presented herein. By applying the advanced system identification, so-called pLSCF, the improved modal parameters are extracted in the lower modes. Using three FE in-house packages, such as FEMtools, Ruaumoko, and VecTor4, the eigenanalyses are made for an initial FE model, resulting in consistency in eigenvalues. However, they exhibit relatively stiffer behavior, as much as 30 to 50% compared with those extracted from the test in the 1st and 2nd modes. The FE model updating is carried out to consider the 6-dofs spring stiffnesses at the wall base as major parameters by adopting a Bayesian type automatic updating algorithm to minimize the residuals in modal parameters. The updating results indicate that the highest sensitivity is apparent in the vertical translational springs at few locations ranging from 300 to 500% in variation. However, their changes seem to have no physical meaning because of the numerical values. Finally, using the updated FE model, the time-history responses are predicted by Ruaumoko at each floor where accelerometers are located. The accelerograms between test and analysis show an acceptable match in terms of maximum and minimum values. However, the magnitudes and patterns of floor response spectra seem somewhat different because of the slightly different input accelerograms and damping ratios involved.

A new lighting support structure composing of two-way wires and pulley, a pulley-type wireway system, was developed to improve the seismic performance of a ceiling type lighting equipment. This study verifies the seismic performance of the pulley-type wireway system using a numerical approach. A theoretical model fitted to the physical features of the newly-developed system was proposed, and it was utilized to compute a frictional coefficient between the wire and pulley sections under tension forces. The frictional coefficient was implemented to a finite element model representing the pulley-type wireway system. Using the numerical model, the seismic responses of the pulley-type wireway system were compared to those of the existing lighting support structure, a one-way wire system. The addition of the pulley component resulted in the increasement of energy absorption capacity as well as friction effect and showed in significant reduction in maximum displacement and oscillation after the peak responses. Thus, the newly-developed wireway system can minimize earthquake-induced vibration and damage on electric equipment.

외피 구조로서의 강박스와 내부의 철근콘크리트 슬래브로 구성되는 양개형 방폭문은 방호 및 대피 구조물의 출입구에 설치되는 구조체이다. 방폭문과 그 후면의 벽체 사이에는 일정의 설치 간격이 존재하게 되는데, 이로 인한 지지조건 및 구조거동의 변화는 방폭 해석 및 설계에 적절히 고려되지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 설치 간격에 의한 지지조건 및 폭압의 변화에 따른 방폭문의 구조응답 및 파괴거동을 유한요소 해석방법으로 비교·분석하였다. 해석 결과에 따르면, 설치 간격 및 폭압의 변화는 방폭문의 최대 처짐 및 영구 처짐과 같은 처짐 거동에 영향을 미치며, 설치 간격이 크고 작음에 따라 방폭문과 벽체의 충돌 접촉 정도 및 이에 의한 충격력이 크게 변화하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 방폭문에 작용하는 이와 같은 충격력의 변화는 슬래브의 전단파괴와 같은 파괴거동에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 분석되었다. 설치간격 10mm 미만의 방폭문은 전단파괴에 취약해지고, 15mm 내외 수준인 경우가 휨성능 발현에 비교적 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 설치 간격 및 폭압과 같이 기본적인 조건의 변화에 한해서 비교 해석을 하였다. 향후, 부 재 재원 및 강도변화, 전단설계 여부 등 다양한 변수에 따른 구조거동 변화에 대해 실험적 및 해석적 연구가 필요하다.

The estimation of heat source model is very important for heat transfer analysis with finite element method. Part I of this study used adaptive simulated annealing which is one of the global optimization algorithm for anticipating the parameters of the Goldak model. Although the analysis with 3D model which depicted the real situation produced the correct answer, that took too much time with moving heat source model based on Fortran and Abaqus. This research suggests the procedure which can reduce time with maintaining quality of analysis. The lead time with 2D model is reduced by 90% comparing that of 3D model, the temperature distribution is similar to each other. That is based on the saturation of heat transfer among the direction of heat source movement. Adaptive simulated annealing with 2D model can be used to estimate more proper heat source model and which could enhance to reduce the resources and time for experiments.

Recently, the use of transfer slab system has increased greatly. However, several construction problems are being encountered owing to its excessive thickness. Therefore, in this study, a transfer slab system that uses a reverse drop panel, which can utilize the facility space of the pit floor by reducing the transfer slab thickness, was considered. To investigate the shear behavior of transfer slab system that uses the reverse drop panel, the two-way shear strength of transfer slab-column connection with the reverse drop panel was analyzed using nonlinear FE analysis. In addition, the two-way shear strength evaluations of transfer slab with the reverse drop panel conducted using the existing evaluation methods were verified by comparing the strengths predicted by those methods with the results of nonlinear FE analysis.

최근 국내에서는 고층 벽식 아파트 건설 시, 하부 주차공간과 공용공간 확보를 위하여 RC 전이슬래브 시스템을 사용하는 경우가 증가하고 있다. 하지만 두께가 얇은 RC 무량판 슬래브를 위해 개발된 설계방법 및 구조성능평가 방법을 두께가 매우 두꺼운 전이슬래브 구조설계에 그대로 사용하고 있다는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 합리적인 전이슬래브의 구조설계를 위해서는 RC 전이슬래브 시스템의 2면 전단거동 양상에 대한 명확한 분석이 필요하다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 전이슬래브의 두께, 콘크리트 강도, 전단경간비, 철근비 등 다양한 설계변수에 따라 비선형 FEM을 이용하여 전이슬래브의 2면 전단거동을 분석 하였다. 또한 비선형 FEM 해석결과와 기존의 2면 전단강도 평가식으로 예측한 전단강도를 비교분석하여 기존 평가식의 전이슬래브 2면 전단강도 평가 유효성을 검토하였다.

In this study, finite element (FE) analysis was performed to evaluate the seismic performance of the water treatment plant, which is a major state of the art water treatment plant, to predict tensile cracks and compressive failure. The FE model simulation for two facilities of the water purification plant was made considering the initial conditions, boundary conditions and water effect. For the nonlinear dynamic analysis, seismic analysis was performed using ground acceleration. Tensile cracks and compressive failure are analyzed and the effects on the structures are analyzed. As a result of the analysis, tensile cracks can be predicted to occur in the main structure.

In this paper, the relationship between the frequency split and the mode-coupling in the disc doublet mode, which is expressed according to the pattern of the surface of the disc, is utilized by using of 3 types(Chaos, Vent-hole, Normal). As the frequency split between the doublet mode disc that is expressed in the model through the interpretation is larger, and analogy through interpretation mode-coupling instability also lower. Vent-hole, which has a relatively large frequency split of disc doublet mode in 3 types(Chaos, Vent-hole, Normal) model, showed a large value of critical coefficient of friction in which mode-coupling instability is expressed. In addition, it was confirmed by analysis that the Vent-hole had a relatively large frequency split than the other models by analyzing the change in contact stiffness. It can be concluded that the larger the frequency split of the disc doublet mode, the lower the instability due to the mode-coupling.

The boundary reaction method(BRM) is a substructure time domain method, it removes global iterations between frequency and time domain analyses commonly required in the hybrid approaches, so that it operates as a two-step uncoupled method. The BRM offers a two-step method as follows: (1) the calculation of boundary reaction forces in the frequency domain on an interface of linear and nonlinear regions, (2) solving the wave radiation problem subjected to the boundary reaction forces in the time domain. In the time domain analysis, the near-field soil is modeled to simulate the wave radiation problem. This paper evaluates the performance of the BRM according to modeling extent of near-field soil for the nonlinear SSI analysis of base-isolated NPP structure. For this purpose, parametric studies are performed using equivalent linear SSI problems. The accuracy of the BRM solution is evaluated by comparing the BRM solution with that of conventional SSI seismic technique. The numerical results show that the soil condition affects the modeling range of near-field soil for the BRM analysis as well as the size of the basemat. Finally, the BRM is applied for the nonlinear SSI analysis of a base-isolated NPP structure to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the method.

In this study, TbDyFe thin films with the thickness of 1000 Å are fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering. TbDyFe thin films are prepared by DC magnetron sputtering method. The pressure of Ar gas below 1.33 kPa and DC input power of 200 W are used for the sputtering conditions. During sputtering process the substrate holder is heated up to 150 ℃. The thin films are deposited to a thickness of 1000 Å on polyimide substrate with a thickness of 2 μm. The fabricated microstructures are observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the film thickness is measured. Magnetostrictions are determined from the curvature of the thin films which are measured by the optical cantilever method. The experimental results are discussed with numerical data.

Microstructural analysis of a (α+β) Ti alloy was investigated to consider phase transformation in each step of thethermo-mechanical process using by SEM and TEM EDS. The TAF (Ti-6Al-4Fe) alloy was thermo-mechanically treated withsolid solution at 880oC, rolling at 880oC and annealing at 800oC. In the STQ state, the TAF microstructure was composedof a normal hcp α and metastable β phase. In a rolled state, it was composed of fine B2 precipitates in an α phase, whichhad high Fe segregation and a coherent relationship with the β matrix. Finally, in the annealing state, the fine B2 precipitateshad disappeared in the α phase and had gone to the boundary of the α and β phase. On the other hand, in a lower rollingtemperature of 704oC, the B2 precipitates were more coarse in both the α and the boundary of α and β phase. We concludedthat microstructural change affects the mechanical properties of formability including rolling defects and cracks.

이 논문에서는 경계반력법을 이용한 비선형 지반-구조물 상호작용 해석을 위해 LS-DYNA나 MIDAS/Civil 등의 유한요소해석 프로그램과 연계하는 방법을 제시하였다. 경계반력법 적용시 유한요소프로그램에서 구조물과 지반은 선형 또는 비선형 유한요소를 이용하여 모델링하였다. 유한요소의 해석모델 외부의 무한영역으로 전달되는 탄성파를 최대한 흡수하기위해 유한요소 모델의 외측에 LS-DYNA의 경우에는 PML(Perfectly Matched Layer) 요소를, MIDAS/Civil의 경우에는 점성감쇠-스프링 요소를 적용하였다. 비선형 유한요소는 구조물영역에만 적용되는 것으로 가정하였다. 이 연구에서는 입사지진파에 의한 경계반력은 KIESSI-3D 프로그램을 이용하여 계산하였다. 선형 지반-구조물 상호작용 문제에 대해 일반적인 KIESSI-3D의 해석결과와 BRM해석결과를 비교하여 제시된 방법의 효율성을 제시하였다. 또한 수치적 비교를 통해 비선형 구조에 대해 보수적인 응답을 보이는 선형 SSI문제에 대하여 얻은 경계반력이 비선형 지반-구조물 상호작용해석에 효과적으로 적용 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

In this study, the sintering behavior of (Nd, Dy)-Fe-B powder which fabricated by strip-casting was investigated with various sintering temperatures and holding times. The relative density over 99% could be obtained by both sintering at for 1h and sintering at for 20h. The grain growth was observed in sintered specimen at compared to one at . The isothermal sintering process below led to suppress grain growth showing the improved magnetic properties. The phase transformation of Nd-rich was confirmed by X-ray diffraction pattern.

PPS(Post-tensioned Precast concrete System)공법은 U자형 PC로 제작된 넓은 보와 PC또는 현장 타설 콘크리트로 제작한 기둥으로 구성되며, PC보와 기둥의 일체성 확보를 위하여 프리스트레스를 도입하였다. 본 연구에서는 포스트텐션을 도입한 넓은 보-기둥 접합부의 구조적 특성을 규명하고, 다양한 변수해석이 가능하기 위한 자료를 제공하고자 유한요소해석 프로그램인 ANSYS을 사용하여 비선형 해석을 수행하였다 콘크리트에 대한 해석요소는 8개의 절점을 가지며 각 절점이 3개의 자유도(X, Y, Z축에 대한 병진 변위)를 갖는 Solid 65요소를 사용하였다. Solid 65요소에서 전단전달계수(Shear-Transfer factor)는 실험값에 근사적으로 해석값을 맞추기 위한 영향 계수값으로 균열이 발생하는 위치에 대한 전단강도의 감소를 반영한다. 그 결과, 본 실험체에 대한 해석에서는 열려진 전단전달계수 0.125와 닫혀진 전달계수 0.85에 기초하여 해석한 결과 닫혀진 전단전달계수는 0.85에서 열려진 전단전달계수에서는 0.2일때 가장 실험값에 근사한 해석치를 보였다.