PURPOSES : Nowadays, cavity phenomena occur increasingly in pavement layers of downtown areas. This leads to an increment in the number of potholes, sinkholes, and other failure on the road. A loss of earth and sand from the pavement plays a key role in the occurrence of cavities, and, hence, a structural-performance evaluation of the pavement is essential. METHODS: The structural performance was evaluated via finite-element analysis using KPRP and KICTPAVE. KPRP was developed in order to formulate a Korean pavement design guide, which is based on a mechanical-empirical pavement design guide (M-EPDG). RESULTS: Installation of the anti-freezing layer yielded a fatigue crack, permanent deformation, and international roughness index (IRI) of 13%, 0.7 cm, and 3.0 m/km, respectively, as determined from the performance analysis conducted via KPRP. These values satisfy the design standards (fatigue crack: 20%, permanent deformation: 1.3 cm, IRI: 3.5 m/km). The results of FEM, using KICTPAVE, are shown in Figures 8~12 and Tables 3~5. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the performance analysis (conducted via KPRP) satisfy the design standards, even if the thickness of the anti-freezing layer is not considered. The corresponding values (i.e., 13%, 0.7 cm, and 3.0 m/km) are obtained for all conditions under which this layer is applied. Furthermore, the stress and strain on the interlayer between the sub-grade and the anti-freezing layer decrease gradually with increasing thickness of the anti-freezing layer. In contrast, the strain on the interlayer between the sub-base and the anti-freezing layer increases gradually with this increase in thickness.

PURPOSES: The national highways and expressways in Korea constitute a total length of 17,951 km. Of this total length of pavement, the asphalt pavement has significantly deteriorated, having been in service for over 10 years. Currently, hot in-place recycling (HIR) is used as the rehabilitation method for the distressed asphalt pavement. The deteriorated pavement becomes over-heated, however, owing to uncontrolled heating capacity during the pre-heating process of HIR in the field. METHODS: In order to determine the appropriate heating method and capacity of the pre-heater at the HIR process, the heating temperature of asphalt pavement is numerically simulated with the finite element software ABAQUS. Furthermore, the heating transfer effects are simulated in order to determine the inner temperature as a function of the heating system (IR and wire). This temperature is ascertained at 300 ℃, 400℃, 500℃, 600℃, 700°℃, and 800℃ from a slab asphalt specimen prepared in the laboratory. The inner temperature of this specimen is measured at the surface and five different depths (1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm) by using a data logger. RESULTS: The numerical simulation results of the asphalt pavement heating temperature indicate that this temperature is extremely sensitive to increases in the heating temperature. Moreover, after 10 min of heating, the pavement temperature is 36%~38% and 8%~10% of the target temperature at depths of 25 mm and 50 mm, respectively, from the surface. Therefore, in order to achieve the target temperature at a depth of 50 mm in the slab asphalt specimen, greater heating is required of the IR system compared to that of the gas. CONCLUSIONS : Numerical simulation, via the finite element method, can be readily used to analyze the appropriate heating method and theoretical basis of the HIR method. The IR system would provide the best heating method and capacity of HIR heating processes in the field.

본 논문에서는 범용유한요소해석 프로그램인 ABAQUS를 사용하여 국내에서 사용되는 콘크리트벽돌을 조적채움벽으로 가진 철근콘크리트 골조를 대상으로 유한요소해석을 실시하였다. 해석대상은 순수골조, 채움벽의 두께가 0.5B인 골조, 두께가 1.0B인 골조의 3종류이다. 철근콘크리트 골조 및 채움벽의 재료특성은 재료시험 결과로부터 구하였으나 두께가 1.0B인 채움벽의 경우 벽돌의 쌓기방법의 차이에 의해 0.5B 두께의 실험체보다 4배 정도 증가된 인장강도를 사용하였다. 유한요소해석결과는 실험을 통해 구한 하중-변위관계 및 변위각에 따른 균열양상을 상당히 정확하게 예측하였다. 유한요소해석 결과의 분석을 통해 조적채움벽과 골조사이의 접촉응력 및 골조의 전단력과 휨모멘트를 산정하였다.

본 논문에서는 유한요소법을 이용하여 공동주택의 중량충격음을 예측하기 위해 구조해석 모델과 음향해석 모델을 개발하고 예측결과와 실험결과를 비교하여 정확성을 검증하였다. 패널 임피던스 값을 사용하여 거실의 적절한 흡음 특성을 반영할 수 있었으며, 수치해석에 주파수 응답함수 특성을 적용하여 1회 수치해석만으로 다양한 충격원에 대한 응답을 예측할 수 있도록 하였다. 구조진동에 의한 실내 소음해석은 유한요소 수치해석 기법이 진동 및 음향모드에 대한 응답을 비교적 정확하게 예측할 수 있도록 하였으며, 본 연구의 예측결과는 실험결과와 비교적 유사한 값을 나타내었다. 향후 정확도가 보다 향상된 수치해석 모델개발을 통해 바닥충격음 저감에 효과적인 공동주택 설계가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

This study performed a finite element stress analysis of pipe system connected by bellows based on APDL(ANSYS Parametric Design Language) customizing. The effects of different shapes of developed pipes for various parameters are studied using the finite element commercial package for this study. The structural behavior of complex pipe structures with bellows was also investigated to study the interactions between bellows and other parts. Based on the ANSYS APDL, the effect of initial axial and lateral displacements, and internal temperature and pressure on the Von Mises stress distribution is also analyzed.

Powder compaction is a continually and rapidly evolving technology where it is a highly developed method ofmanufacturing reliable components. To understand existing mechanisms for compaction, parameter investigation isrequired. Experimental investigations on powder compaction process, followed by numerical modeling of compaction arepresented in this paper. The experimental work explores compression characteristics of soft and hard ductile powdermaterials. In order to account for deformation, fracture and movement of the particles, a discrete-finite element analysismodel is defined to reflect the experimental data and to enable investigations on mechanisms present at the particlelevel. Effects of important simulation factors and process parameters, such as particle count, time step, particle discret-ization, and particle size on the powder compaction procedure have been explored.

The finite element stress analysis of large sized rectangular water tank structures made of stainless steel materials is carried out for various combined load cases. The combined load cases for a large size of 5,000ton are further determined using the specification(KS B　6283) established from the Korean Standards Association. The changed water capacity due to the size of reservoirs could be heavily dependent for evaluating seismic effects, especially for large reservoirs. For the better numerical efficiency, the rectangular panels are modelled using the ANSYS ADPL module. The numerical results obtained for different load cases mainly show the effect of the interactions between the different load combination and other various parameters, for example, the water capacity, and different stainless steel materials. The structural performance for various load combinations is also evaluated.

PURPOSES : In this study, a fracture-based finite element (FE) model is proposed to evaluate the fracture behavior of fiber-reinforced asphalt (FRA) concrete under various interface conditions. METHODS: A fracture-based FE model was developed to simulate a double-edge notched tension (DENT) test. A cohesive zone model (CZM) and linear viscoelastic model were implemented to model the fracture behavior and viscous behavior of the FRA concrete, respectively. Three models were developed to characterize the behavior of interfacial bonding between the fiber reinforcement and surrounding materials. In the first model, the fracture property of the asphalt concrete was modified to study the effect of fiber reinforcement. In the second model, spring elements were used to simulated the fiber reinforcement. In the third method, bar and spring elements, based on a nonlinear bond-slip model, were used to simulate the fiber reinforcement and interfacial bonding conditions. The performance of the FRA in resisting crack development under various interfacial conditions was evaluated. RESULTS : The elastic modulus of the fibers was not sensitive to the behavior of the FRA in the DENT test before crack initiation. After crack development, the fracture resistance of the FRA was found to have enhanced considerably as the elastic modulus of the fibers increased from 450 MPa to 900 MPa. When the adhesion between the fibers and asphalt concrete was sufficiently high, the fiber reinforcement was effective. It means that the interfacial bonding conditions affect the fracture resistance of the FRA significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The bar/spring element models were more effective in representing the local behavior of the fibers and interfacial bonding than the fracture energy approach. The reinforcement effect is more significant after crack initiation, as the fibers can be pulled out sufficiently. Both the elastic modulus of the fiber reinforcement and the interfacial bonding were significant in controlling crack development in the FRA.

본 논문에서는 CFT 구조의 강관과 내부 충전 콘크리트 간 복합거동을 유한요소해석 시 적절하게 반영하기 위해 강관과 콘크리트 간 부착 슬립관계 묘사를 위한 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 내부 충전 콘크리트에 축방향 하중 발생 시, 강관과 콘크리트 간 마찰로 인해 강관으로 하중이 전달되며, 이에 따른 강관 슬립량과 힘의 평형관계를 통해 등가강성을 통해 부착관계를 파악할 수 있다. 실제 원형 CFT 부재의 부착응력 실험을 통해 측정된 수직 및 수평 방향 응력 분포 결과와 제안된 해석 기법을 통해 산정된 응력 분포의 비교를 통해 제안된 해석 기법의 타당성을 검증하였다. 또한 비선형 유한요소해석 시 강관과 콘크리트의 부착 거동 묘사에 따라 CFT 기둥의 거동 특성에 영향을 미치게 되므로 축방향 하중이 작용하는 CFT 부재 실험결과와 제안된 부착-슬립 모델을 반영한 유한요소해석 결과의 하중-변위 곡선 관계 비교를 통해 제안된 기법의 적합성을 검증하였다.

본 논문에서는 전자기파에 대한 수치적 파동흡수 경계모델인 Perfectly-Matched-Layer(PML)를 개발하고 PML을 연동시킨 유한요소법에 의해 콘크리트 구조물을 통과하는 마이크로파의 전파거동을 해석하는 수치적 기법을 제시한다. 콘크리트 부재와 공기로 구성된 무한매질을 PML을 경계로 하는 유한영역으로 치환하고, 이 유한영역에서 평면 전자기파에 대한 시간영역 맥스웰방정식의 수치 해를 혼합유한요소법에 의해 계산하였다. 공기로만 이루어진 균일매질의 경우와 콘크리트 구조물이 존재하는 비균일 매질의 경우에 대하여 단일주파수 및 복합주파수를 갖는 마이크로파의 전기장을 계산하였고, 오차분석을 위해 L2-놈 형태로 표현되는 정해와 수치 해의 상대오차를 정의하여 수치 해의 정확도를 평가하였다. 이 연구는 마이크로파를 이용한 철근콘크리트 구조물의 건전도평가 및 손상평가에 적용될 수 있다.

This study performed a finite element crash analysis of support structures made of various composite materials for road facilities. The effects of different material properties of composites for various parameters are studied using the finite element commercial package for this study. In this study, the existing finite element analysis of composite post structures using the LS-DYNA program is further extended to compare dynamic behaviors against car crash of the structures made of various composite materials. The several numerical examples show the comparison of the nonlinear dynamic effects for different materials.

Orthodontic is important to apply the optimal orthodontic force. The orthodontic bracket is deformed and the stress caused by tension and torsion of the wire. In this study, using the ANSYS the material that is currently widely used in orthodontic bracket material of stainless steel, ceramic, titanium, polycarbonate, by applying the nitinol analyzed the strain and the stress distribution on the bracket side. Simulation results on the stress distribution and deformation, and it was found a difference of each material.

This study has been performed to investigate on the spur gear with the spline key of heat treatment process analysis. The heat treatment process for gear has been widely used at the production of moving parts in order to improve its manufacture productivity. A driving spur gear is modeled with three dimensions for the heat treatment process. The variable conditions for the heat treatment analysis are the shape of gear tooth, the environmental heating temperature, heating time, cooling temperature and cooling. The analytical results of mechanical properties as micro structure and hardness are analyzed using the software. As the analysis result, the hardness value(HRC) becomes 20.2 of the inner part at gear body and of the surface part of gear tooth has shown the max. valve of HRC 47.5. The beinite structure forms up to 70%. This is because the cooling becomes slow at the center part than the end part. Therefore, it is estimated that the gear tooth have the high anti-wear property and the inner center part maintains the sufficient stiffness. These results can be utilized for the production of the driving gear by the heat treatment process as the fundamental information

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural stability of pavement due to water infiltration at the road with infiltration trench as using the FEM(finite element analysis). Five cases for FEM is divided considering the amount of rainfall and rain duration time. The results of FEM show that the more rainfall in a short period time is faster the change of moisture content. Also, it is the proportional relationship between and changing area of moisture content of more than 40% due to rainfall. Case 3 and 4 are necessary to check the installation of infiltration trench because of moisture content of more than 40%, recovery time of initial moisture content, and changing area of more than 40%. Case 1,2, and 5 have no a significant effect on road pavement structure due to lower moisture content and shorter duration time of higher moisture content.

본 연구에서는 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 보의 처짐 예측을 위해 재료비선형이 고려된 콘크리트 및 철근, 강연선의 거동을 고려할 수 있는 구성모델을 조합하여 적층 쉘 요소를 사용한 유한요소해석 모델에 적용하였다. 이를 기존 연구자들의 실험결과와 비교함으로써 모델의 타당성을 검증하였고, 스팬-깊이비, 편심 그리고 프리스트레싱 크기에 대한 처짐을 해석하고 이를 수계산 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과, 스팬-깊이비가 커질수록, 편심이 작아질수록, 프리스트레싱 크기가 작아질수록 처짐이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 편심이 매우 작을 경우와 프리스트레싱 크기가 매우 작을 경우에는 수계산이 처짐을 과대평가한다는 것을 확인하였다.

The porous metallic material has the most superior physical property and the best mechanical capability. This study is investigated with the simulation analysis by compressing three kinds of specimens. Three aluminum foams with the thickness of 10 mm are bonded at Case 1. Two aluminum foams with the thicknesses of 10 mm and 20 mm are bonded at Case 2. It is one aluminum foam with the thickness of 30 mm at Case 3. The two dimensional model is done by ANSYS design modeler and the finite element analysis is performed by ANSYS structural analysis. As the forced displacement of 1 mm during the elapsed time of 60 sec is applied, the forced displacement of 10 mm during the total elapsed time of 600 sec is applied. As the analysis result, the most reaction force is shown at case 2 among three cases. Case 2 is estimated as the best structure. The analysis result of this study is thought to be the data necessary for the safe design about mechanical structure and the development of composite material.

A progressive failure analysis procedure for composite laminates is completed in here. An anisotropic plastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composite material is implemented into computer program for a predictive analysis procedure of composite laminates. Also, in order to describe material behavior beyond the initial yield, the anisotropic work-hardening model and subsequent yield surface are implemented into a computer code, which is Predictive Analysis for Composite Structures (PACS). The accuracy and efficiency of the anisotropic plastic constitutive model and the computer program PACS are verified by solving a number of various fiber-reinforced composite laminates with and without geometric discontinuity. The comparisons of the numerical results to the experimental and other numerical results available in the literature indicate the validity and efficiency of the developed model.

The automotive bumper has the functions of strength, rigidity and fine sight. It protects the driver, front and rear sides of car body through shock absorption at the traffic accident of car. This study investigates the impacts on front side and corner with the low speed of 4.5 km/h by using the model of SUV car body. The models are modelled by CATIA program with three dimensions and are analyzed by the finite element program of ANSYS Explicit STR. The maximum equivalent stresses at impacts of front side(case 1) and corner (case 2) at bumper are 261.72MPa and 365.02MPa respectively. As this stress at case 2 becomes 40% higher than at case 1, the impact of corner is happened easier than at the damage at the impact of front side. These stresses at case 1 and case 2 are shown above the yield stress at material property of steel, it is thought that there are the possibilities of plastic damages at two cases. The maximum deformation and equivalent stress at the support 2 of case 2 become 5 times and 3 times higher than at the support 1 respectively. The damage possibility due to impact at low speed is investigated by the basic analysis result of this study. And this result can be utilized at inspecting the result of impact test on bumper hereafter.